LOW SELF-CONTROL, OPPORTUNITY, AND STRAIN IN STUDENTS’ REPORTED CHEATING BEHAVIOR

REFERENCES

• Aaron , R. and Georgia , R. 1994 . “Administrator Perceptions of Student Academic Dishonesty in Collegiate Institutions.” . NASPA Journal , 31 : 83 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Agnew , R. 1992 . “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency.” . Criminology , 30 : 47 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akers , R. and Cochran , J. K. 1985 . “Adolescent Marijuana Use: A Test of Three Theories of Deviant Behaviors.” . Deviant Behavior , 6 : 323 – 346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alschuler , A. and Blimling , G. 1995 . “Curbing Epidemic Cheating through Systemic Change.” . College Teaching , 43 : 123 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Antion , D. and Michael , W. 1983 . “Short-term Predictive Validity of Demographic, Affective, Personal, and Cognitive Variables in Relation to Two Criterion Measures of Cheating Behavior.” . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 43 : 467 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird , J. 1980 . “Current Trends in College Cheating.” . Psychology in the Schools , 17 : 515 – 522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell , B. S. and Eschholz , S. 2002 . “Sex Differences and Rational Choice: Traditional Tests and New Directions.” . In Rational Choice and Criminal Behavior , Edited by: Piquero , A. and Tibbetts , S. 109 – 136 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Broidy , L. 2001 . “A Test of General Strain Theory.” . Criminology , 39 : 9 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownfield , D. and Sorenson , A. M. 1993 . “Self-Control and Juvenile Delinquency: Theoretical Issues and an Empirical Assessment of Selected Elements of a General Theory of Crime.” . Deviant Behavior , 14 : 243 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunn , D. , Caudill , S. and Gropper , D. 1992 . “Crime in the Classroom: An Economic Analysis of Undergraduate Student Cheating Behavior.” . Research in Economic Education , 23 : 197 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton , V. S. , Cullen , F. , Evans , D. and Dunaway , G. 1994 . “Reconsidering Strain Theory: Operationalization, Rival Theories, and Adult Criminality.” . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 10 : 213 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran , J. , Chamlin , M. and Wood , P. 1999 . “Shame, Embarrassment, and Formal Sanction Threats: Extending the Deterrence/Rational Choice Model to Academic Dishonesty.” . Sociological Inquiry , 69 : 91 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collison , M. 1990 . “Survey at Rutgers Suggests that Cheating may be on the Rise at Large Universities.” . Chronicle of Higher Education , 24 : A31 – A32 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , L. and Felson , M. 1979 . “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach.” . American Sociological Review , 44 : 588 – 608 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornish , D. and Clarke , R. 1986 . The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives in Offending. , New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , S. , Grover , A. , Becker , A. and McGregor , L. 1992 . “Academic Dishonesty: Prevalence, Determinants, Techniques, and Punishments.” . Teaching of Psychology , 19 : 16 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DePalma , M. , Madey , S. and Bornshein , S. 1995 . “Individual Differences and Cheating Behavior: Guilt and Cheating in Competitive Situations.” . Personality and Individual Differences , 18 : 761 – 769 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake , C. 1941 . “Why Students Cheat.” . Journal of Higher Education , 12 : 418 – 420 .
   Google Scholar
• Eve , R. and Bromley , D. 1981 . “Scholastic Dishonesty among College Undergraduates: Parallel Tests of Two Sociological Explanations.” . Youth and Society , 13 : 3 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felson , M. 1994 . Crime and Everyday Life: Insight and Implications for Society. , Thousand Oaks , CA : Pine Forge Press .
   Google Scholar
• Franklyn-Stokes , A. and Newstead , S. S. 1995 . “Undergraduate Cheating: Who Does What and Why?” . Studies in Higher Education , 20 : 159 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genereux , R. and McLeod , B. 1995 . “Circumstances Surrounding Cheating: A Questionnaire Study of College Students.” . Research in Higher Education , 36 : 687 – 704 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs , J. and Giever , D. 1995 . “Self-Control and Its Manifestations Among University Students: An Empirical Test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory.” . Justice Quarterly , 12 : 231 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Gottfredson , M. and Hirschi , T. 1990 . A General Theory of Crime. , Stanford : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grasmick , H. , Tittle , C. and Bursik , R. 1993 . “Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 30 ( 1 ) : 5 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines , V. , Diekhoff , G. , LaBeff , E. and Clark , R. 1986 . “College Cheating: Immaturity, Lack of Commitment, and the Neutralizing Attitude.” . Research in Higher Education , 25 : 342 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschi , T. 1969 . Causes of Delinquency. , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Houston , J. 1976 . “The Assessment and Prevention of Answer Copying on Undergraduate Multiple-choice Examinations.” . Research in Higher Education , 5 : 301 – 311 .
   Google Scholar
• Houston , J. 1983 . “College Classroom Cheating, Threat, Sex, and Prior Performance.” . College Student Journal , 17 : 229 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Houston , J. 1985 . “Classroom Answer Copying: Roles of Acquaintanceship and Free Versus Assigned Seating.” . Journal of Educational Psychology , 78 : 230 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houston , J. 1986 . “Key Corroboration of Experimental Findings on Classrooms Cheating Behavior.” . College Student Journal , 20 : 168 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Karlins , M. , Michaels , C. and Podloger , S. 1988 . “An Empirical Investigation of Actual Cheating in a Large Sample of Undergraduates.” . Research in Higher Education , 29 : 359 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kibler , W. 1993 . “Academic Dishonesty: A Student Development Dilemma.” . NASPA Journal , 30 : 252 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• LaBeff , E. , Clark , R. , Haines , V. and Diekhoff , G. 1990 . “Situational Ethics and College Student Cheating.” . Sociological Inquiry , 60 : 190 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liska , A. 1978 . “Deviant Involvement, Associations and Attitudes: Specifying the Underlying Causal Structures.” . Sociology and Social Research , 63 : 73 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Lobel , T. 1993 . “Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Cheating Behavior.” . Personality and Individual Differences , 14 : 275 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , J. 1985 . “The Standard of Proof in Student Disciplinary Cases.” . Journal of College and University Law , 12 : 71 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Longshore , D. and Turner , S. 1998 . “Self-Control and Criminal Opportunity: Cross-Sectional Test of the General Theory of Crime . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 25 ( 1 ) : 81 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludeman , R. 1988 . “A Survey of Academic Integrity Practices in US Higher Education.” . Journal of College Student Development , 29 : 172 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maramark , S. and Maline , M. 1993 . Academic Dishonesty among College Students. , Washington , DC : US Department of Education, Office of Research .
   Google Scholar
• McCabe , D. and Bowers , W. 1994 . “Academic Dishonesty among Males in College: A Thirty Year Perspective.” . Journal of College Student Development , 35 : 5 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe , D. , Bowers , W. and Trevino , L. 1993 . “Honor Codes and Other Contextual Influences.” . Journal of Higher Education , 64 : 522 – 538 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier , R. and T , Miethe . 1993 . “ Understanding Theories of Criminal Victimization ” . In Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research Edited by: Tonry , M. Vol. 17 , 459 – 499 .
   Google Scholar
• Merton , R. 1938 . “Social Structure and Anomie.” . American Sociological Review , 3 : 672 – 682 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels , J. and Miethe , T. 1989 . “Applying Theories of Deviance to Academic Cheating.” . Social Science Quarterly , 70 : 872 – 885 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parr , F. 1936 . “The Problem of Student Honesty.” . Journal of Higher Education , 7 : 318 – 326 .
   Google Scholar
• Paternoster , R. , Brame , R. , Mazerolle , P. and Piquero , A. 1998 . “Using the Correct Statistical Test for the Equality of Regression Coefficient.” . Criminology , 36 ( 4 ) : 859 – 866 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paternoster , R. and Mazzerole , P. 1994 . “General Strain Theory and Delinquency: A Replication and Extension.” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 31 : 235 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner , B. 1986 . “Individual's Moral Judgment and its Impact on Group Processes.” . International Journal of Management , 3 : 5 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , R. 1986 . “Public University Responses to Academic Dishonesty: Disciplinary or Academic.” . Journal of Law and Education , 15 : 369 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , D. and Robinowitz , W. 1992 . “An Investigation of Student Perceptions of Cheating in Academic Situations.” . The Review of Higher Education , 15 : 179 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Rutherford , D. and Olswang , S. 1981 . “Academic Misconduct: The Due Process Rights of Students.” . NASPA Journal , 19 : 12 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Sims , R. 1993 . “The Relationship between Academic Dishonesty and Unethical Business Practices.” . Journal of Education for Business , 69 : 207 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Stannard , C. and Bowers , W. 1970 . “The College Fraternity as an Opportunity Structure for Meeting Academic Demands.” . Social Problems , 17 : 371 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , G. and Stevens , F. 1987 . “Ethical Inclinations of Tomorrow's Managers Revisited: How and Why Students Cheat?” . Journal of Education for Business , 63 : 24 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Tibbetts , S. 1997 . “Differences Between Women and Men Regarding Decisions to Commit Test Cheating.” . Research in Higher Education , 40 : 323 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibbetts , S. 1998 . “Differences between Criminal Justice Majors and Noncriminal Justice Majors in Determinants of Test Cheating Intentions: A Research Note.” . Journal of Criminal Justice Education , 9 : 81 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Tibbetts , S. and Myers , D. 1999 . “Low Self-Control, Rational Choice, and Student Test Cheating.” . American Journal of Criminal Justice , 23 : 179 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Tittle , C. and Rowe , D. 1973 . “Moral Appeal, Sanction Threat, and Deviance: An Experimental Test.” . Social Problems , 20 : 488 – 497 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler , T. 1991 . Why People Obey the Law. , New Haven : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , D. and Beck , W. 1990 . “Gender and Dishonesty.” . The Journal of Social Psychology , 130 : 333 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley , B. E. , Nelson , A. and Jones , C. 1999 . “Gender Differences in Cheating Attitudes and Classroom Cheating Behavior: A Meta-Analysis.” . Sex Roles , 41 : 657 – 680 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittimore , J. 1999 . “Expanding the General Theory of Crime: Interactive and Conditioning Effects of Low Self-control.” , East Tennessee State University . Unpublished Masters thesis presented to faculty in the Department of Criminal Justice
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , J. Q. and Herrnstein , R. 1985 . Crime and Human Nature. , New York : Simon and Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , B. R. , Moffitt , T. and Caspi , A. “Predispositions, Social Envioronments, and Crime: A Model of Varying Effects.” . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology . Washington , DC .
   Google Scholar