Neighborhood matters: the impact of community context on the cumulative case processing of firearm offenses

References

• Albonetti, C. A. 1986. “Criminality, Prosecutorial Screening, and Uncertainty: Toward a Theory of Discretionary Decision Making in Felony Case Processings.” Criminology 24 (4): 623–644. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1986.tb01505.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albonetti, C. A. 1987. “Prosecutorial Discretion: The Effects of Uncertainty.” Law & Society Review 21 (2): 291–313. doi:10.2307/3053523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albonetti, C. A. 1991. “An Integration of Theories to Explain Judicial Discretion.” Social Problems 38 (2): 247–266. doi:10.2307/800532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). (2020). “Bail Reform Accessed 25 3 2021.” https://www.aclu.org/issues/smart-justice/bail-reform
   Google Scholar
• Auerhahn, K., J. S. Henderson, P. R. McConnell, and B. Lockwood. 2017. “Are You Judged by the Residence You Keep? Homicide Sentencing, Attribution and Neighborhood Context.” Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society 18 (1): 28–51.
   Google Scholar
• Baumer, E. P. 2013. “Reassessing and Redirecting Research on Race and Sentencing.” Justice Quarterly 30 (2): 231–261. doi:10.1080/07418825.2012.682602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernasco, W. 2010. “A Sentimental Journey to Crime: Effects of Residential History on Crime Location Choice.” Criminology 48 (2): 389–416. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00190.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, R., A. Galary, and D. Brice. 2007. “The Journey to Crime: Victims and Offenders Converge in Violent Index Offenses in Chicago.” Security Journal 20 (2): 123–137. doi:10.1057/palgrave.sj.8350030.
   Google Scholar
• Britt, C. L. 2000. “Social Context and Racial Disparities in Punishment Decisions.” Justice Quarterly 17 (4): 707–732. doi:10.1080/07418820000094731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, M. C., M. Vogel, and J. Williams. 2015. “Historical Contingencies and the Evolving Importance of Race, Violent Crime, and Region in Explaining Mass Incarceration in the United States.” Criminology 53 (2): 180–203. doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooney, M., and Burt, C. H. 2008 ”Less Crime, More Punishment” American Journal of Sociology 114 2 491–527 doi:10.1086/592425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demuth, S., and D. Steffensmeier. 2004. “Ethnicity Effects on Sentence Outcomes in Large Urban Courts: Comparisons among White, Black, and Hispanic Defendants.” Social Science Quarterly 85 (4): 994–1011. doi:10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.00255.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demuth, S. 2003. “Racial and Ethnic Differences in Pretrial Release Decisions and Outcomes: A Comparison of Hispanic, Black, and White Felony Arrestees.” Criminology 41 (3): 873–908. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb01007.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly, E. A., and C. O. Asiedu. 2020. “Neighborhood Context and Racial/ethnic Disparities in Judicial Processing.” Sociology Compass e12822. doi:10.1111/soc4.12822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly, E. A. 2022. “Neighborhoods, Criminal Incidents, Race, and Sentencing: Exploring the Racial and Social Context of Disparities in Incarceration Sentences.” The British Journal of Criminology 62 (1): 145–164. doi:10.1093/bjc/azab046 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenstein, J., and H. Jacob. 1977. Felony Justice: An Organizational Analysis of Criminal Courts. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Fearn, N. E. 2005. “A Multilevel Analysis of Community Effects on Criminal Sentencing.” Justice Quarterly 22 (4): 452–487. doi:10.1080/07418820500364668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, T. W. 2010. “Community Influence on Prosecutorial Dismissals: A Multilevel Analysis of Case-and County-level Factors.” Journal of Criminal Justice 38 (4): 693–701. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, C. 2009. Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heckman, J. J. 1976. “The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models.” Annals of Economic and Social Measurement 5 (4): 475–492.
   Google Scholar
• Hester, R., and E. L. Sevigny. 2016. “Court Communities in Local Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Felony Sentencing in South Carolina.” Journal of Crime and Justice 39 (1): 55–74. doi:10.1080/0735648X.2014.913494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. D. 2006. “The Multilevel Context of Criminal Sentencing: Integrating Judge‐and County‐level Influences.” Criminology 44 (2): 259–298. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2006.00049.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, R. D., and D. Wheelock. 2007. “Group Threat and Social Control: Race, Perceptions of Minorities and the Desire to Punish.” Social Forces 85 (3): 1255–1280. doi:10.1353/sof.2007.0045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurlychek, M. C., and B. D. Johnson. 2019. “Cumulative Disadvantage in the American Criminal.” Justice System. Annual Review of Criminology 2 (1): 291–319. doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutateladze, B. L., N. R. Andiloro, B. D. Johnson, and C. C. Spohn. 2014. “Cumulative Disadvantage: Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Prosecution and Sentencing.” Criminology 52 (3): 514–551. doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liska, A. E., Ed. 1992. Social Threat and Social Control. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liska, A. E., J. J. Lawrence, and M. Benson. 1981. “Perspectives on the Legal Order: The Capacity for Social Control.” American Journal of Sociology 87 (2): 413–426. doi:10.1086/227465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liska, A. E., and M. B. Chamlin. 1984. “Social Structure and Crime Control among Macrosocial Units.” American Journal of Sociology 90 (2): 383–395. doi:10.1086/228084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, M. 2011. “Mass Incarceration, Legal Change, and Locale: Understanding and Remediating American Penal Overindulgence.” Criminology & Public Policy 10 (3): 673–698. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2011.00733.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, B. P., N. Petersen, and M. Omori. 2019. “Time, Money, and Punishment: Institutional Racial-ethnic Inequalities in Pretrial Detention and Case Outcomes.” Crime and Delinquency 66 (6–7): 837–863. doi:10.1177/0011128719881600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers, M. A., and S. M. Talarico. 1986. “The Social Contexts of Racial Discrimination in Sentencing.” Social Problems 33 (3): 236–251. doi:10.2307/800707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omori, M. 2017. “Spatial Dimensions of Racial Inequality: Neighborhood Racial Characteristics and Drug Sentencing.” Race and Justice 7 (1): 35–58. doi:10.1177/2153368716648461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinchevsky, G. M., and B. Steiner. 2016. “Sex-based Disparities in Pretrial Release Decisions and Outcomes.” Crime and Delinquency 62 (3): 308–340. doi:10.1177/0011128713482415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quillian, L. 1996. “Group Threat and Regional Change in Attitudes toward African-Americans.” American Journal of Sociology 102 (3): 816–860. doi:10.1086/230998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger, T. 2005. “Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Pretrial Criminal Processing.” Justice Quarterly 22 (2): 170–192. doi:10.1080/07418820500088929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffensmeier, D., J. Ulmer, and J. Kramer. 1998. “The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male.” Criminology 36 (4): 763–798. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolzenberg, L., S. J. D’Alessio, and D. Eitle. 2013. “Race and Cumulative Discrimination in the Prosecution of Criminal Defendants.” Race and Justice 3 (4): 275–299. doi:10.1177/2153368713500317.
   Google Scholar
• Stuntz, W. J. 2011. The Collapse of American Criminal Justice. Campbridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sutton, J. R. 2013. “Structural Bias in the Sentencing of Felony Defendants.“ Social Science Research 42 (51): 1207–1221. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.04.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Marshall Project. (2020). “Bail Reform: A Curated Collection of Links Accessed 15 2 2021.” https://www.themarshallproject.org/records/1439-bail-reform
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X., and D. P. Mears. 2010. “A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 26 (2): 191–215. doi:10.1007/s10940-009-9076-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, J. H., and R. Rosenfeld. 2016. “The Impact of Neighborhood Status on Imprisonment for Firearm Offenses.” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 32 (4): 383–400. doi:10.1177/1043986216662370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M. R. 2003. “The Effect of Pretrial Detention on Imprisonment Decisions.” Criminal Justice Review 28 (2): 299–316. doi:10.1177/073401680302800206.
   Google Scholar
• Wooldredge, J., and A. Thistlethwaite. 2004. “Bilevel Disparities in Court Dispositions for Intimate Assault.” Criminology 42 (2): 417–456. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00525.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldredge, J., J. Frank, and N. Goulette. 2017. “Ecological Contributors to Disparities in Bond Amounts and Pretrial Detention.” Crime and Delinquency 63 (13): 1682–1711. doi:10.1177/0011128716659636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldredge, J. 2007. “Neighborhood Effects on Felony Sentencing.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 44 (2): 238–263. doi:10.1177/0022427807299825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldredge, J. 2012. “Distinguishing Race Effects on Pre-trial Release and Sentencing Decisions.” Justice Quarterly 29 (1): 41–75. doi:10.1080/07418825.2011.559480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar