References
- Brugiatelli, M.; Claisse, J F.; Lenormand, B.; , et al. Long-term clinical outcome of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients in clinical remission phase evaluated at phenotypic level.Br. J. Haematol. 1997, 97 (1), 113–118. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rai, K R.; Peterson, B L.; Appelbaum, F R.; , et al. Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.N. Engl. J. Med. 2000, 343 (24), 1750–1757. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Johnson, S.; Smith, A G.; Loffler, H.; , et al. Multicentre prospective randomised trial of fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CAP) for treatment of advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The French Cooperative Group on CLL.Lancet 1996, 347, 1432–1438. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Leporrier, M.; Chevret, S.; Cazin, B.; , et al. Randomized comparison of fludarabine, CAP, and CHOP in 938 previously untreated stage B and C chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.Blood 2001, 98 (8), 2319–2325. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Clavio, M.; Miglino, M.; Spriano, M.; , et al. First line fludarabine treatment of symptomatic chronic lymphoproliferative diseases: clinical results and molecular analysis of minimal residual disease.Eur. J. Haematol. 1998, 61 (3), 197–203. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Robertson, L E.; Huh, Y O.; Butler, J J.; , et al. Response assessment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia after fludarabine plus prednisone: clinical, pathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analysis.Blood 1992, 80 (1), 29–36. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Magnac, C.; Sutton, L.; Cazin, B.; , et al. Detection of minimal residual disease in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Hematol. Cell Ther. 1999, 41 (1), 13–18. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Cabezudo, E.; Matutes, E.; Ramrattan, M.; Morilla, R.; Catovsky, D. Analysis of residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by flow cytometry.Leukemia 1997, 11 (11), 1909–1914. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Weiss, M A. Novel treatment strategies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Curr. Oncol. Rep. 2001, 3 (3), 217–222. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wierda, W.; O'Brien, S.; Albitar, M.; , et al. Combined fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab achieves a high complete remission rate as initial treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood 2001, 98 (771a), Abstract 3210. [CSA]
- Huhn, D.; von Schilling, C.; Wilhelm, M.; , et al. Rituximab therapy of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood 2001, 98 (5), 1326–1331. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Itala, M.; Geisler, C H.; Kimby, E.; , et al. Standard-dose anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: results from a Nordic multicentre study.Eur. J. Haematol. 2002, 69 (3), 129–134. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Keating, M J.; Flinn, I.; Jain, V.; , et al. Therapeutic role of alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in patients who have failed fludarabine: results of a large international study.Blood 2002, 99 (10), 3554–3561., [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Lundin, J.; Kimby, E.; Bjorkholm, M.; , et al. Phase II trial of subcutaneous anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) as first-line treatment for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).Blood 2002, 100 (3), 768–773. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Rai, K R.; Freter, C E.; Mercier, R J.; , et al. Alemtuzumab in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who also had received fludarabine.J. Clin. Oncol. 2002, 20 (18), 3891–3897. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Gilleece, M H.; Dexter, T M. Effect of Campath-1H antibody on human hematopoietic progenitors in vitro.Blood 1993, 82, 807–812. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Heit, W.; Bunjes, D.; Wiesneth, M.; , et al. Ex vivo T-cell depletion with the monoclonal antibody Campath-1 plus human complement effectively prevents acute graft-versus-host disease in allogenic bone marrow transplantation.Br. J. Haematol. 1986, 64, 479–486. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Dyer, M J.; Hale, G.; Hayhoe, F G.; Waldmann, H. Effects of Campath-1 antibodies in vivo in patients with lymphoid malignancies: influence of antibody isotype.Blood 1989, 73, 1431–1439. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Greenwood, J.; Clark, M.; Waldmann, H. Structural motifs involved in human IgG antibody effector functions.Eur. J. Immunol. 1993, 23, 1098–1104. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rowan, W.; Tite, J.; Topley, P.; Brett, S J. Cross-linking of the Campath-1 antigen (CD52) mediates growth inhibition in human B- and T-lymphoma cell lines, and subsequent emergence of CD52-deficient cells.Immunology 1998, 95, 427–436. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Perz, J.; Topaly, J.; Fruehauf, S.; Hensel, M.; Ho, A D. Level of CD 20-expression and efficacy of rituximab treatment in patients with resistant or relapsing B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Leuk. Lymphoma 2002, 43 (1), 149–151. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Rossmann, E D.; Lundin, J.; Lenkei, R.; Mellstedt, H.; Osterborg, A. Variability in B-cell antigen expression: implications for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and leukemias with monoclonal antibodies.Hematol. J. 2001, 2 (5), 300–306. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Huh, Y O.; Keating, M J.; Saffer, H L.; Jilani, I.; Lerner, S.; Albitar, M. Higher levels of surface CD20 expression on circulating lymphocytes compared with bone marrow and lymph nodes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2001, 116 (3), 437–443. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Dyer, M S.J.; Hale, G.; Marcus, R.; Waldmann, H. Remission induction in patients with lymphoid malignancies using unconjugated Campath-1H monoclonal antibodies.Leuk. Lymphoma 1990, 2, 179–193. [CSA]
- Ginaldi, L.; De Martinis, M.; Matutes, E.; , et al. Levels of expression of CD52 in normal and leukemic B and T cells: correlation with in vivo therapeutic responses to Campath-1H.Leuk. Res. 1998, 22 (2), 185–191. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Hale, G.; Xia, M Q.; Tighe, H P.; Dyer, M J.; Waldmann, H. The CAMPATH-1 antigen (CDw52).Tissue Antigens 1990, 35 (3), 118–127. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Osterborg, A.; Dyer, M J.; Bunjes, D.; , et al. Phase II multicenter study of human CD52 antibody in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.J. Clin. Oncol. 1997, 15 (4), 1567–1574. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Osterborg, A.; Fassas, A S.; Anagnostopoulos, A.; , et al. Humanized CD52 monoclonal antibody Campath-1H as first-line treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.Br. J. Haematol. 1996, 93 (1), 151–153. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Arnold, A.; Cossman, J.; Bakhshi, A.; , et al. Immunoglobulin-gene rearrangements as unique clonal markers in human lymphoid neoplasms.N. Engl. J. Med. 1983, 309 (26), 1593–1599. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cleary, M L.; Chao, J.; Warnke, R.; Sklar, J. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement as a diagnostic criterion of B-cell lymphoma.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1984, 81 (2), 593–597. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Diss, T C.; Peng, H.; Wotherspoon, A C.; Isaacson, P G.; Pan, L. Detection of monoclonality in low-grade B-cell lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction is dependent on primer selection and lymphoma type.J. Pathol. 1993, 169 (3), 291–295. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Montillo, M.; Cafro, A M.; Tedeschi, A.; , et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous Campath-1H for treating residual disease in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia responding to fludarabine.Haematologica 2002, 87 (7), 695–700. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rawstron, A C.; Kennedy, B.; Evans, P A.; , et al. Quantitation of minimal disease levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using a sensitive flow cytometric assay improves the prediction of outcome and can be used to optimize therapy.Blood 2001, 98 (1), 29–35. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Corradini, P.; Astolfi, M.; Cherasco, C.; , et al. Molecular monitoring of minimal residual disease in follicular and mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas treated with high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell autografting.Blood 1997, 89 (2), 724–731. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Provan, D.; Bartlett-Pandite, L.; Zwicky, C.; , et al. Eradication of polymerase chain reaction-detectable chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is associated with improved outcome after bone marrow transplantation.Blood 1996, 88 (6), 2228–2235. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Pfitzner, T.; Reiser, M.; Barth, S.; , et al. Quantitative molecular monitoring of residual tumor cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Ann. Hematol. 2002, 81 (5), 258–266. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Kantor, A B. The development and repertoire of B-1 cells (CD5 B cells).Immunol. Today 1991, 12 (11), 389–391. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Stahlberg, A.; Aman, P.; Ridell, B.; Mostad, P.; Kubista, M. Quantitative real-time PCR method for detection of B-lymphocyte monoclonality by comparison of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain expression.Clin. Chem. 2003, 49 (1), 51–59. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Vuillier, F.; Claisse, J F.; Vandenvelde, C.; , et al. Evaluation of residual disease in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in clinical and bone-marrow remission using CD5-CD19 markers and PCR study of gene rearrangements.Leuk. Lymphoma 1992, 7 (3), 195–204. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Vuillier, F.; Scott-Algara, D.; Dighiero, G. Extensive analysis of lymphocyte subsets in normal subjects by three-color immunofluorescence.Nouv. Rev. Fr. Hematol. 1991, 33 (1), 31–38. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jennings, C D.; Foon, K A. Recent advances in flow cytometry: application to the diagnosis of hematologic malignancy.Blood 1997, 90 (8), 2863–2892. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Maloum, K.; Sutton, L.; Baudet, S.; , et al. Novel flow-cytometric analysis based on BCD5 + subpopulations for the evaluation of minimal residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.Br. J. Haematol. 2002, 119 (4), 970–975. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Rezvany, M R.; Lundin, J.; Edman, P.; , et al. Long-term follow-up of lymphocyte subsets after subcutaneous alemtuzumab (MabCampath) treatment as primary therapy for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).Blood 2002, 100 (207a), Abstract 778. [CSA]
- Kennedy, B.; Rawstron, A C.; Haynes, A P.; , et al. Eradication of detectable minimal disease with Campath-1H therapy results in prolonged survival in patients with refractory B-CLL.Blood 2001, 98 (367a), Abstract 1544. [CSA]
- Moreton, P.; Kennedy, B.; Rawstron, A.; Hillmen, P. The correlation between the eradication of minimal residual disease (MRD) following alemtuzumab for CLL and overall survival.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 23 (572), Abstract 6566. [CSA]
- Kennedy, B.; Rawstron, A.; Carter, C.; , et al. Campath-1H and fludarabine in combination are highly active in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood 2002, 99 (6), 2245–2247. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Elter, T.; Borchmann, P.; Schulz, H.; Reiser, M.; Engert, A. Development of a new, four-weekly schedule (FluCam) with concomitant application of Campath-1H and fludarabine in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL.Blood 2002, 100 (803a), Abstract 3169. [CSA]
- Montillo, M.; Tedeschi, A.; Cafro, A M.; , et al. Sequential subcutaneous administration of CAMPATH-1H as treatment of minimal residual disease in CLL patients responding to fludarabine (FAMP).Blood 2002, 100 (804a), Abstract 3175. [CSA]
- Montillo, M.; Tedeschi, A.; Rossi, E.; , et al. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab for the treatment of residual disease in patients with CLL in clinical response to fludarabine phosphate.Hematol. J. 2003, 4 (133), Abstract 432. [CSA]
- Montillo, M.; Tedeschi, A.; Rossi, V.; , et al. Successful CD34 + cell mobilization by intermediate-dose Ara-C in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with sequential fludarabine and Campath-1H.Leukemia 2004, 18 (1), 57–62. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Frampton, J E.; Wagstaff, A J. Alemtuzumab.Drugs 2003, 63, 1229–1243. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Perkins, J G.; Flynn, J M.; Howard, R S.; Byrd, J C. Frequency and type of serious infections in fludarabine-refractory B-cell chronic llymphocyic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma: implications for clinical trials in this patient population.Cancer 2002, 94, 2033–2039. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Moreton, P.; Kennedy, B.; Rawstron, A.; Hillmen, P. Achieving a MRD negative response after alemtuzumab for CLL is the best predictor for prolonged survival.Blood 2003, 102 (Pt2), (391b), Abstract 5290. [CSA]
- O'Brien, S M.; Kantarjian, H M.; Thomas, D A.; Cortes, J.; Giles, F J.; Wierda, W G.; Koller, C A.; Ferrajoli, A.; Browning, M.; Lerner, S.; Albitar, M.; Keating, M. Alemtuzumab as treatment for residual disease after chemotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Cancer 2003, 98, 2657–2663. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Wendtner, C M.; Ritgen, M.; Schweighofer, C D.; the German CLL Study Group; , et al. Consolidation with alemtuzumab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in first remission—experience on safety and efficacy within a randomized phase III trial of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG).Leukemia 2004 18 (6), 1093–1101. [Apr. 8; Epub ahead of print]. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]