89
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
NEW DRUGS

Anti-Angiogenic Treatment of Gastrointestinal Malignancies

, M.D., , M.D. & , M.D.
Pages 712-726 | Published online: 11 Jun 2009

REFERENCES

  • Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N. Engl. J. Med. 1971; 285(21)1182–1186, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Hanahan D., Folkman J. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 1996; 86(3)353–364, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Tonini T., Rossi F., Claudio P. P. Molecular basis of angiogenesis and cancer. Oncogene 2003; 22(42)6549–6556, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Abdulrauf S. I., Edvardsen K., Ho K. L., Yang X. Y., Rock J. P., Rosenblum M. L. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and vascular density as prognostic markers of survival in patients with low–grade astrocytoma. J. Neurosurg. 1998; 88(3)513–520, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Cascinu S., Staccioli M. P., Gasparini G., Giordani P., Catalano V., Ghiselli R., Rossi C., Baldelli A. M., Graziano F., Saba V., Muretto P., Catalano G. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor can predict event–free survival in stage II colon cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2000; 6(7)2803–2807, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Inoue K., Slaton J. W., Karashima T., Yoshikawa C., Shuin T., Sweeney P., Millikan R., Dinney C. P. The prognostic value of angiogenesis factor expression for predicting recurrence and metastasis of bladder cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. Clin. Cancer Res. 2000; 6(12)4866–4873, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Mineta H., Miura K., Ogino T., Takebayashi S., Misawa K., Ueda Y., Suzuki I., Dictor M., Borg A., Wennerberg J. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Br. J. Cancer 2000; 83(6)775–781, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Shen G. H., Ghazizadeh M., Kawanami O., Shimizu H., Jin E., Araki T., Sugisaki Y. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human ovarian carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer 2000; 83(2)196–203, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Shih C. H., Ozawa S., Ando N., Ueda M., Kitajima M. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression predicts outcome and lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Clin. Cancer Res. 2000; 6(3)1161–1168, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Slaton J. W., Inoue K., Perrotte P., El-Naggar A. K., Swanson D. A., Fidler I. J., Dinney C. P. Expression levels of genes that regulate metastasis and angiogenesis correlate with advanced pathological stage of renal cell carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 2001; 158(2)735–743, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Yudoh K., Kanamori M., Ohmori K., Yasuda T., Aoki M., Kimura T. Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumour tissue as a prognostic factor of soft tissue sarcomas. Br. J. Cancer 2001; 84(12)1610–1615, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Hurwitz H., Fehrenbacher L., Novotny W., Cartwright T., Hainsworth J., Heim W., Berlin J., Baron A., Griffing S., Holmgren E., Ferrara N., Fyfe G., Rogers B., Ross R., Kabbinavar F. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350(23)2335–2342, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Gimbrone M. A., Jr., Leapman S. B., Cotran R. S., Folkman J. Tumor dormancy in vivo by prevention of neovascularization. J. Exp. Med. 1972; 136(2)261–276, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Pugh C. W., Ratcliffe P. J. Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia: role of the HIF system. Nat. Med. 2003; 9(6)677–684, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Demicheli R., Abbattista A., Miceli R., Valagussa P., Bonadonna G. Time distribution of the recurrence risk for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy: further support about the concept of tumor dormancy. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1996; 41(2)177–185, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Demicheli R., Terenziani M., Valagussa P., Moliterni A., Zambetti M., Bonadonna G. Local recurrences following mastectomy: support for the concept of tumor dormancy. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1994; 86(1)45–48, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Dvorak H. F. Rous-Whipple Award Lecture How tumors make bad blood vessels and stroma. Am. J. Pathol. 2003; 162(6)1747–1757, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • McCarty M. F., Liu W., Fan F., Parikh A., Reimuth N., Stoeltzing O., Ellis L. M. Promises and pitfalls of anti-angiogenic therapy in clinical trials. Trends. Mol. Med. 2003; 9(2)53–58, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Cross M. J., Dixelius J., Matsumoto T., Claesson-Welsh, VEGF-receptor L. signal transduction. Trends. Biochem. Sci. 2003; 28(9)488–494, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Karkkainen M. J., Petrova T. V. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Oncogene 2000; 19(49)5598–5605, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Dvorak H. F. Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor: a critical cytokine in tumor angiogenesis and a potential target for diagnosis and therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002; 20(21)4368–4380, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Petit A. M., Rak J., Hung M. C., Rockwell P., Goldstein N., Fendly B., Kerbel R. S. Neutralizing antibodies against epidermal growth factor and ErbB-2/neu receptor tyrosine kinases down-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor production by tumor cells in vitro and in vivo: angiogenic implications for signal transduction therapy of solid tumors. Am. J. Pathol. 1997; 151(6)1523–1530, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Gately S., Li W. W. Multiple roles of COX-2 in tumor angiogenesis: a target for antiangiogenic therapy. Semin. Oncol. 2004; 31: 2–11, 2 Suppl 7[PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Hubbard S. R. Structural analysis of receptor tyrosine kinases. Prog Biophys Mol. Biol. 1999; 71(3–4)343–358, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Senger D. R., Van de Water L., Brown L. F., Nagy J. A., Yeo K. T., Yeo T. K., Berse B., Jackman R. W., Dvorak A. M., Dvorak H. F. Vascular permeability factor (VPF, VEGF) in tumor biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1993; 12(3–4)303–324, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Murohara T., Horowitz J. R., Silver M., Tsurumi Y., Chen D., Sullivan A., Isner J. M. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor enhances vascular permeability via nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Circulation 1998; 97(1)99–107, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tsurumi Y., Murohara T., Krasinski K., Chen D., Witzenbichler B., Kearney M., Couffinhal T., Isner J. M. Reciprocal relation between VEGF and NO in the regulation of endothelial integrity. Nat. Med. 1997; 3(8)879–886, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • van der Zee R., Murohara T., Luo Z., Zollmann F., Passeri J., Lekutat C., Isner J. M. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor augments nitric oxide release from quiescent rabbit and human vascular endothelium. Circulation 1997; 95(4)1030–1037, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Wheeler-Jones C., Abu-Ghazaleh R., Cospedal R., Houliston R. A., Martin J., Zachary I. Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates prostacyclin production and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in endothelial cells via p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase. FEBS Lett. 1997; 420(1)28–32, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Rafii S., Lyden D., Benezra R., Hattori K., Heissig B. Vascular and haematopoietic stem cells: novel targets for anti-angiogenesis therapy? Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2002; 2(11)826–835, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Partanen T. A., Alitalo K., Miettinen M. Lack of lymphatic vascular specificity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in 185 vascular tumors. Cancer 1999; 86(11)2406–2412, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Valtola R., Salven P., Heikkila P., Taipale J., Joensuu H., Rehn M., Pihlajaniemi T., Weich H., de Waal R., Alitalo K. VEGFR-3 and its ligand VEGF-C are associated with angiogenesis in breast cancer. Am. J. Pathol. 1999; 154(5)1381–1390, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Makinen T., Olofsson B., Karpanen T., Hellman U., Soker S., Klagsbrun M., Eriksson U., Alitalo K. Differential binding of vascular endothelial growth factor B splice and proteolytic isoforms to neuropilin-1. J. Biol. Chem. 1999; 274(30)21217–21222, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Murga M., Fernandez-Capetillo O., Tosato G. Neuropilin-1 regulates attachment in human endothelial cells independently of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Blood 2005; 105(5)1992–1999, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Eskens F. A. Angiogenesis inhibitors in clinical development; where are we now and where are we going?. Br. J. Cancer 2004; 90(1)1–7, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Siemann D. W., Chaplin D. J., Horsman M. R. Vascular-targeting therapies for treatment of malignant disease. Cancer 2004; 100(12)2491–2499, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Takahashi Y., Kitadai Y., Bucana C. D., Cleary K. R., Ellis L. M. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, KDR, correlates with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferation of human colon cancer. Cancer Res. 1995; 55(18)3964–3968, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Takahashi Y., Tucker S. L., Kitadai Y., Koura A. N., Bucana C. D., Cleary K. R., Ellis L. M. Vessel counts and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as prognostic factors in node-negative colon cancer. Arch. Surg. 1997; 132(5)541–546, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tokunaga T., Oshika Y., Abe Y., Ozeki Y., Sadahiro S., Kijima H., Tsuchida T., Yamazaki H., Ueyama Y., Tamaoki N., Nakamura M. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA isoform expression pattern is correlated with liver metastasis and poor prognosis in colon cancer. Br. J. Cancer 1998; 77(6)998–1002, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Presta L. G., Chen H., O'Connor S. J., Chisholm V., Meng Y. G., Krummen L., Winkler M., Ferrara N. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res. 1997; 57(20)4593–4599, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Gordon M. S., Margolin K., Talpaz M., Sledge G. W., Jr., Holmgren E., Benjamin R., Stalter S., Shak S., Adelman D. Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with advanced cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 19(3)843–850, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Margolin K., Gordon M. S., Holmgren E., Gaudreault J., Novotny W., Fyfe G., Adelman D., Stalter S., Breed J. Phase Ib trial of intravenous recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: pharmacologic and long-term safety data. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 19(3)851–856, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Kabbinavar F., Hurwitz H. I., Fehrenbacher L., Meropol N. J., Novotny W. F., Lieberman G., Griffing S., Bergsland E. Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21(1)60–65, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Petrelli N., Douglass H. O., Jr., Herrera L., Russell D., Stablein D. M., Bruckner H. W., Mayer R. J., Schinella R., Green M. D., Muggia F. M. The modulation of fluorouracil with leucovorin in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a prospective randomized phase III trial. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 1989; 7(10)1419–1426, [CSA]
  • Hurwitz H. I., Fehrenbacher L., Hainsworth J. D., Heim W., Berlin J., Holmgren E., Hambleton J., Novotny W. F., Kabbinavar F. Bevacizumab in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin: an active regimen for first-line metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(15)3502–3508, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Kabbinavar F. F., Schulz J., McCleod M., Patel T., Hamm J. T., Hecht J. R., Mass R., Perrou B., Nelson B., Novotny W. F. Addition of Bevacizumab to Bolus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results of a Randomized Phase II Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(16)3697–3705, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Kabbinavar F. F., Hambleton J., Mass R. D., Hurwitz H. I., Bergsland E., Sarkar S. Combined analysis of efficacy: the addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil/leucovorin improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(16)3706–3712, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Giantonio B. J., Catalano P. J., Meropol N. J., O'Dwyer P. J., Mitchell E. P., Alberts S. R., Schwartz M. A., Benson A. B. High-dose bevacizumab improves survival when combined with FOLFOX4 in previously treated advanced colorectal cancer: Results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study E3200. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol, Clin J. Oncol. 2005, Abs 2[CSA]
  • Chen H. X., Mooney M., Boron M., Grochow L., Zwiebel J., Vena D., Mosby K., Grandinetti C., Kaplan R. S. Bevacizumab (BV) plus 5-FU/leucovorin (FU/LV) for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) that progressed after standard chemotherapies: An NCI Treatment Referral Center trial (TRC-0301). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Clin J. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S), Abs. 3515[CSA]
  • Saltz L. B., Lenz H., Hochster H., Wadler S., Hoff P., Kemeny N., Hollywood E., Gonen M., Wetherbee S., Chen H. Randomized Phase II Trial of Cetuximab/Bevacizumab/Irinotecan (CBI) versus Cetuximab/Bevacizumab (CB) in Irinotecan-Refractory Colorectal Cancer. Orlando, FL 2005, in Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.
  • Cunningham D., Humblet Y., Siena S., Khayat D., Bleiberg H., Santoro A., Bets D., Mueser M., Harstrick A., Verslype C., Chau I., Van Cutsem E. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 351(4)337–345, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Giantonio B. J., Chen H. X., Catalano P. J., Meropol N. J., O'Dwyer P. J., Benson A. B. Bowel perforation and fistula formation in colorectal cancer patients treated on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) studies E2200 and E3200. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., J. Clin. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S), Abs. 3017[CSA]
  • Hurwitz H., Fehrenbacher L., Cartwright T., Hainsworth J., Heim W., Berlin J., Kabbinavar F., Novotny W., Scappaticci F. Wound healing/bleeding in metastatic colorectal cancer patients who undergo surgery during treatment with bevacizumab. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Clin J. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S), Abs. 3702[CSA]
  • Scappaticci F., Fehrenbacher L., Cartwright T., Hainsworth J., Heim W., Berlin J., Griffing S., Holmgren E., Kabbinavar F., Novotny W., Hurwitz H. Analysis of wound healing and bleeding post-surgery in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab, in Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2004, [CSA]
  • Scappaticci F., Fehrenbacher L., Cartwright T., Hainsworth J., Heim W., Berlin J., Kabbinavar F., Novotny W., Hurwitz H. Lack of effect of bevacizumab on wound healing/bleeding complications when given 28–60 days following primary cancer surgery. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., of J. Clin. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S), Abs. 3530[CSA]
  • Hambleton J., Novotny W. F., Hurwitz H., Fehrenbacher L., Cartwright T., Hainsworth J., Heim W., Berlin J., Kabbinavar F., Holmgren E. Bevacizumab does not increase bleeding in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving concurrent anticoagulation. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. J. Clin. Oncol. 2004; 22: 14S, Abs. 3528[CSA]
  • Barron H. Important Drug Warning. August, 122004. Genentech, Inc, Available online http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/SAFETY/2004/avastin_deardoc_mod.pdf. Food and Drug Administration, accessed 2004
  • Jain R. K. Normalizing tumor vasculature with anti-angiogenic therapy: a new paradigm for combination therapy. Nat. Med. 2001; 7(9)987–989, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Willett C. G., Boucher Y., di Tomaso E., Duda D. G., Munn L. L., Tong R. T., Chung D. C., Sahani D. V., Kalva S. P., Kozin S. V., Mino M., Cohen K. S., Scadden D. T., Hartford A. C., Fischman A. J., Clark J. W., Ryan D. P., Zhu A. X., Blaszkowsky L. S., Chen H. X., Shellito P. C., Lauwers G. Y., Jain R. K. Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer. Nat. Med. 2004; 10(2)145–147, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Holash J., Davis S., Papadopoulos N., Croll S. D., Ho L., Russell M., Boland P., Leidich R., Hylton D., Burova E., Ioffe E., Huang T., Radziejewski C., Bailey K., Fandl J. P., Daly T., Wiegand S. J., Yancopoulos G. D., Rudge J. S. VEGF-Trap: a VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002; 99(17)11393–11398, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Kim E. S., Serur A., Huang J., Manley C. A., McCrudden K. W., Frischer J. S., Soffer S. Z., Ring L., New T., Zabski S., Rudge J. S., Holash J., Yancopoulos G. D., Kandel J. J., Yamashiro D. J. Potent VEGF blockade causes regression of coopted vessels in a model of neuroblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002; 99(17)11399–11404, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Byrne A. T., Ross L., Holash J., Nakanishi M., Hu L., Hofmann J. I., Yancopoulos G. D., Jaffe R. B. Vascular endothelial growth factor-trap decreases tumor burden, inhibits ascites, and causes dramatic vascular remodeling in an ovarian cancer model. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003; 9(15)5721–5728, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Frischer J. S., Huang J., Serur A., Kadenhe-Chiweshe A., McCrudden K. W., O'toole K., Holash J., Yancopoulos G. D., Yamashiro D. J., Kandel J. J. Effects of potent VEGF blockade on experimental Wilms tumor and its persisting vasculature. Int. J. Oncol. 2004; 25(3)549–553, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Fukasawa M., Korc M. Vascular endothelial growth factor-trap suppresses tumorigenicity of multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines. Clin Cancer Res. 2004; 10(10)3327–3332, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Huang J., Frischer J. S., Serur A., Kadenhe A., Yokoi A., McCrudden K. W., New T., O'Toole K., Zabski S., Rudge J. S., Holash J., Yancopoulos G. D., Yamashiro D. J., Kandel J. J. Regression of established tumors and metastases by potent vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2003; 100(13)7785–7790, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Dupont J., Camastra D., Gordon M. S., Mendelson D., Murren J., Hsu A., Lucarelli A., Cedarbaum J. M., Spriggs D. R. Phase 1 study of VEGF Trap in patients with solid tumors and lymphoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 22, Abs. 776[CSA]
  • Dupont J., Schwartz L., Koutcher J., Spriggs D., Gordon M., Mendelson D., Murren J., Lucarelli A., Cedarbaum J. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of VEGF Trap administered subcutaneously (sc) to patients (pts) with advanced solid malignancies. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Clin J. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)3009, [CSA]
  • Prewett M., Huber J., Li Y., Santiago A., O'Connor W., King K., Overholser J., Hooper A., Pytowski B., Witte L., Bohlen P., Hicklin D. J. Antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (fetal liver kinase 1) monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of several mouse and human tumors. Cancer Res. 1999; 59(20)5209–5218, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Bruns C. J., Liu W., Davis D. W., Shaheen R. M., McConkey D. J., Wilson M. R., Bucana C. D., Hicklin D. J., Ellis L. M. Vascular endothelial growth factor is an in vivo survival factor for tumor endothelium in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Cancer 2000; 89(3)488–499, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Posey J. A., Ng T. C., Yang B., Khazaeli M. B., Carpenter M. D., Fox F., Needle M., Waksal H., LoBuglio A. F. A phase I study of anti-kinase insert domain-containing receptor antibody, IMC-1C11, in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003; 9(4)1323–1332, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Laird A. D., Christensen J. G., Li G., Carver J., Smith K., Xin X., Moss K. G., Louie S. G., Mendel D. B., Cherrington J. M. SU6668 inhibits Flk-1/KDR and PDGFRbeta in vivo, resulting in rapid apoptosis of tumor vasculature and tumor regression in mice. Faseb. J. 2002; 16(7)681–690, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Abrams T. J., Lee L. B., Murray L. J., Pryer N. K., Cherrington J. M. SU11248 inhibits KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta in preclinical models of human small cell lung cancer. Mol. Cancer. Ther. 2003; 2(5)471–478, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Abrams T. J., Murray L. J., Pesenti E., Holway V. W., Colombo T., Lee L. B., Cherrington J. M., Pryer N. K. Preclinical evaluation of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU11248 as a single agent and in combination with “standard of care” therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2003; 2(10)1011–1021, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Mendel D. B., Laird A. D., Xin X., Louie S. G., Christensen J. G., Li G., Schreck R. E., Abrams T. J., Ngai T. J., Lee L. B., Murray L. J., Carver J., Chan E., Moss K. G., Haznedar J. O., Sukbuntherng J., Blake R. A., Sun L., Tang C., Miller T., Shirazian S., McMahon G., Cherrington J. M. In vivo antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet–derived growth factor receptors: determination of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. Clin. Cancer. Res. 2003; 9(1)327–337, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • O'Farrell A. M., Abrams T. J., Yuen H. A., Ngai T. J., Louie S. G., Yee K. W., Wong L. M., Hong W., Lee L. B., Town A., Smolich B. D., Manning W. C., Murray L. J., Heinrich M. C., Cherrington J. M. SU11248 is a novel FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent activity in vitro and in vivo. Blood 2003; 101(9)3597–3605, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Raymond E., Faivre S., Vera K., Delbaldo C., Robert C., Spatz A., Bello C., Brega N., Scigalla P., Armand J. Final results of a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of SU11248, a novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancers. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2003, Abs. 769[CSA]
  • Rosen L., Mulay M., Long J., Wittner J., Brown J., Martino A. -M., Bello C. L., Walter S., Scigalla P., Zhu J. Phase I trial of SU011248, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor in advanced solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2003, Abs. 765[CSA]
  • Thomas A. L., Morgan B., Drevs J., Unger C., Wiedenmann B., Vanhoefer U., Laurent D., Dugan M., Steward W. P. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: PTK787/ZK 222584. Semin. Oncol. 2003; 30: 32–38, 3 Suppl 6[PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Wood J. M., Bold G., Buchdunger E., Cozens R., Ferrari S., Frei J., Hofmann F., Mestan J., Mett H., O'Reilly T., Persohn E., Rosel J., Schnell C., Stover D., Theuer A., Towbin H., Wenger F., Woods-Cook K., Menrad A., Siemeister G., Schirner M., Thierauch K. H., Schneider M. R., Drevs J., Martiny-Baron G., Totzke F. PTK787/ZK 222584, a novel and potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, impairs vascular endothelial growth factor-induced responses and tumor growth after oral administration. Cancer Res. 2000; 60(8)2178–2189, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Morgan B., Thomas A. L., Drevs J., Hennig J., Buchert M., Jivan A., Horsfield M. A., Mross K., Ball H. A., Lee L., Mietlowski W., Fuxuis S., Unger C., O'byrne K., Henry A., Cherryman G. R., Laurent D., Dugan M., Marme D., Steward W. P. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for the pharmacological response of PTK787/ZK 222584, an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and liver metastases: results from two phase I studies. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21(21)3955–3964, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Schleucher N., Trarbach T., Junker U., Tewes M., Masson E., Lebwohl D., Seeber S., Laurent D., Vanhoefer U. Phase I/II study of PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK), a novel, oral angiogenesis inhibitor in combination with FOLFIRI as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., J. Clin. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)3558, [CSA]
  • Steward W. P., Thomas A. L., Morgan B., Wiedenmann B., Bartel C., Vanhoefer U., Trarbach T., Junker U., Laurent D., Lebwohl D. Expanded phase I/II study of PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK), a novel, oral angiogenesis inhibitor, in combination with FOLFOX-4 as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., J. Clin. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)3556, [CSA]
  • Hecht J. R., Trarbach T., Jaeger E., Hainsworth J., Wolff R., Lloyd K., Bodoky G., Borner M., Laurent D., Jacques C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study in patients (Pts) with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum receiving first-line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and PTK787/ZK 222584 or placebo (CONFIRM-1). in Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Orlando, FL 2005
  • Wilhelm S. M., Carter C., Tang L., Wilkie D., McNabola A., Rong H., Chen C., Zhang X., Vincent P., McHugh M., Cao Y., Shujath J., Gawlak S., Eveleigh D., Rowley B., Liu L., Adnane L., Lynch M., Auclair D., Taylor I., Gedrich R., Voznesensky A., Riedl B., Post L. E., Bollag G., Trail P. A. BAY 43–9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 2004; 64(19)7099–7109, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Heim M., Scharifi M., Zisowsky J., Jaehde U., Voliotis D., Seeber S., Strumberg D. The Raf kinase inhibitor BAY 43–9006 reduces cellular uptake of platinum compounds and cytotoxicity in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2005; 16(2)129–136, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Strumberg D., Richly H., Hilger R. A., Schleucher N., Korfee S., Tewes M., Faghih M., Brendel E., Voliotis D., Haase C. G., Schwartz B., Awada A., Voigtmann R., Scheulen M. E., Seeber S. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the Novel Raf kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor BAY 43–9006 in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(5)965–972, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Wedge S. R., Ogilvie D. J., Dukes M., Kendrew J., Chester R., Jackson J. A., Boffey S. J., Valentine P. J., Curwen J. O., Musgrove H. L., Graham G. A., Hughes G. D., Thomas A. P., Stokes E. S., Curry B., Richmond G. H., Wadsworth P. F., Bigley A. L., Hennequin L. F. ZD6474 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor growth following oral administration. Cancer Res. 2002; 62(16)4645–4655, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Hurwitz H., Holden S. N., Eckhardt S. G., Rosenthal M., de Boer R., Rischin D., Green M., Basser R. Clinical evaluation of ZD6474, an orally active inhibitor of VEGF signaling, in patients with solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2002, Abs. 325[CSA]
  • Minami H., Ebi H., Tahara M., Sasaki Y., Yamamoto N., Yamada Y., Tamura T., Saijo N. A phase I study of an oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474, in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2003, Abs. 778[CSA]
  • Beebe J. S., Jani J. P., Knauth E., Goodwin P., Higdon C., Rossi A. M., Emerson E., Finkelstein M., Floyd E., Harriman S., Atherton J., Hillerman S., Soderstrom C., Kou K., Gant T., Noe M. C., Foster B., Rastinejad F., Marx M. A., Schaeffer T., Whalen P. M., Roberts W. G. Pharmacological characterization of CP–547,632, a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2003; 63(21)7301–7309, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tolcher A. W., O'Leary J. J., DeBono J. S., Caulkins J. D., Molpus K., Sutula K., Ferrante K. J., Gualberto A., Noe D. A., Huberman M., Rowinsky E. K., Healey D. A phase I and biologic correlative study of an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, CP-547,632, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2002, Abs. 334[CSA]
  • Medinger M., Mross K., Zirrgiebel U., Strecker R., Wheeler C., Clack G., Lewis J., Puchalski T. A., Unger C., Drevs J. Phase I dose-escalation study of the highly potent VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor, AZD2171, in patients with advanced cancers with liver metastases. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., J. Clin. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)3055, [CSA]
  • Suttle A. B., Hurwitz H., Dowlati A., Fernando N., Savage S., Coviello K., Dar M., Ertel P., Whitehead B., Pandite L. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of GW786034, a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, after daily oral administration to patients with solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Clin J. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)3054, [CSA]
  • Pavco P. A., Bouhana K. S., Gallegos A. M., Agrawal A., Blanchard K. S., Grimm S. L., Jensen K. L., Andrews L. E., Wincott F. E., Pitot P. A., Tressler R. J., Cushman C., Reynolds M. A., Parry T. J. Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of ribozymes targeting the messenger RNA of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. Clin. Cancer. Res. 2000; 6(5)2094–2103, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Weng D. E., Weiss P., Kellackey C., Ganapathi R., Parker V. P., Usman N., Cowens J. W., Smith J. A., Jackson T. E., Radka S. F., DiFrancesco A., Kim J. A., Borden E. C. Angiozyme Pharmacokinetic and Safety Results: a Phase I/II Study in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2001, Abs. 393[CSA]
  • Venook A., Hurwitz H., Cunningham C., Burris H. A., Aitchison R., Radka S., Pavco P., Capra W., Wolin M., Usman N. Relationship of clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal carcinoma to levels of soluble VEGFR-1: Results of a phase II trial of a ribozyme targeting the pre-mRNA of VEGFR-1 (angiozyme), in combination with chemotherapy. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2003, Abs. 1025[CSA]
  • Saltz L. B., Cox J. V., Blanke C., Rosen L. S., Fehrenbacher L., Moore M. J., Maroun J. A., Ackland S. P., Locker P. K., Pirotta N., Elfring G. L., Miller L. L. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000; 343(13)905–914, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Masood R., Cai J., Zheng T., Smith D. L., Hinton D. R., Gill P. S. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an autocrine growth factor for VEGF receptor-positive human tumors. Blood 2001; 98(6)1904–1913, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Levine A. M., Quinn D. I., Gorospe G., Lenz H. J., Tulpule A. Phase I trial of anti-sense oligonucleotide vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-AS, Veglin) in patients with relapsed and refractory malignancies. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Clin J. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)3008, [CSA]
  • Imdahl A., Bognar G., Schulte-Monting J., Schoffel U., Farthmann E. H., Ihling C. Predictive factors for response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with oesophageal cancer. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002; 21(4)657–663, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Inoue K., Ozeki Y., Suganuma T., Sugiura Y., Tanaka S. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Association with angiogenesis and tumor progression. Cancer 1997; 79(2)206–213, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Uchida S., Shimada Y., Watanabe G., Tanaka H., Shibagaki I., Miyahara T., Ishigami S., Imamura M. In oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with p53 mutation, advanced stage and poor prognosis. Br. J. Cancer 1998; 77(10)1704–1709, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Auvinen M. I., Sihvo E. I., Ruohtula T., Salminen J. T., Koivistoinen A., Siivola P., Ronnholm R., Ramo J. O., Bergman M., Salo J. A. Incipient angiogenesis in Barrett's epithelium and lymphangiogenesis in Barrett's adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002; 20(13)2971–2979, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Lord R. V., Park J. M., Wickramasinghe K., DeMeester S. R., Oberg S., Salonga D., Singer J., Peters J. H., Danenberg K. D., Demeester T. R., Danenberg P. V. Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2003; 125(2)246–253, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Mobius C., Stein H. J., Becker I., Feith M., Theisen J., Gais P., Jutting U., Siewert J. R. The ‘angiogenic switch’ in the progression from Barrett's metaplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003; 29(10)890–894, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Couvelard A., Paraf F., Gratio V., Scoazec J. Y., Henin D., Degott C., Flejou J. F. Angiogenesis in the neoplastic sequence of Barrett's oesophagus. Correlation with VEGF expression. J. Pathol. 2000; 192(1)14–18, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Mobius C., Stein H. J., Becker I., Feith M., Theisen J., Gais P., Jutting U., Siewert J. R. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and neovascularization in Barrett's carcinoma. World. J. Surg. 2004; 28(7)675–679, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Torres C., Wang H., Turner J., Shahsafaei A., Odze R. D. Prognostic significance and effect of chemoradiotherapy on microvessel density (angiogenesis) in esophageal Barrett's esophagus-associated adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Hum. Pathol. 1999; 30(7)753–758, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Amioka T., Kitadai Y., Tanaka S., Haruma K., Yoshihara M., Yasui W., Chayama K. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression predicts lymph node metastasis of human gastric carcinomas invading the submucosa. Eur. J. Cancer. 2002; 38(10)1413–1419, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Ichikura T., Tomimatsu S., Ohkura E., Mochizuki H. Prognostic significance of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-C in gastric carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 78(2)132–137, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Ishikawa M., Kitayama J., Kazama S., Nagawa H. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C and D (VEGF-C and -D) is an important risk factor for lymphatic metastasis in undifferentiated early gastric carcinoma. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 33(1)21–27, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Kakeji Y., Koga T., Sumiyoshi Y., Shibahara K., Oda S., Maehara Y., Sugimachi K. Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastric cancer. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2002; 21(1)125–129, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tamburini A., Tomajer V., Gregorc V., Albarello L., Di Palo S., Arrigoni G., Villa E., Staudacher C. Role of VEGF-A, VEGF-D, COX-2 as prognostic factors in curatively resected gastric cancer. in Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, San Francisco, CA 2004, Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol
  • Yan C., Zhu Z. G., Yu Y. Y., Ji J., Zhang Y., Ji Y. B., Yan M., Chen J., Liu B. Y., Yin H. R., Lin Y. Z. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C and chemokine receptor CCR7 in gastric carcinoma and their values in predicting lymph node metastasis. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; 10(6)783–790, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Duff S. E., Li C., Jeziorska M., Kumar S., Saunders M. P., Sherlock D., O'Dwyer S. T., Jayson G. C. Vascular endothelial growth factors C and D and lymphangiogenesis in gastrointestinal tract malignancy. Br. J. Cancer. 2003; 89(3)426–430, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Leung W. K., To K. F., Go M. Y., Chan K. K., Chan F. K., Ng E. K., Chung S. C., Sung J. J. Cyclooxygenase-2 upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis in human gastric carcinoma. Int. J. Oncol. 2003; 23(5)1317–1322, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Shi H., Xu J. M., Hu N. Z., Xie H. J. Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human gastric carcinoma. World. J. Gastroenterol. 2003; 9(7)1421–1426, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Kamiya K., Konno H., Tanaka T., Baba M., Matsumoto K., Sakaguchi T., Yukita A., Asano M., Suzuki H., Arai T., Nakamura S. Antitumor effect on human gastric cancer and induction of apoptosis by vascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 1999; 90(7)794–800, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Matsumoto K., Konno H., Tanaka T., Baba M., Kanai T., Kamiya K., Ohba K., Nakamura S. Combination therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody and mitomycin C on human gastric cancer xenograft. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 2000; 91(7)748–752, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Warshaw A. L., Fernandez-del Castillo, Pancreatic C. carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1992; 326(7)455–465, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Itakura J., Ishiwata T., Friess H., Fujii H., Matsumoto Y., Buchler M. W., Korc M. Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human pancreatic cancer correlates with local disease progression. Clin. Cancer Res. 1997; 3(8)1309–1316, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Niedergethmann M., Hildenbrand R., Wostbrock B., Hartel M., Sturm J. W., Richter A., Post S. High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor predicts early recurrence and poor prognosis after curative resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Pancreas 2002; 25(2)122–129, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Fujimoto K., Hosotani R., Wada M., Lee J. U., Koshiba T., Miyamoto Y., Tsuji S., Nakajima S., Doi R., Imamura M. Expression of two angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in human pancreatic cancer, and its relationship to angiogenesis. Eur. J. Cancer 1998; 34(9)1439–1447, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Lim Y. J., Lee J. K., Park C. K., Song S. Y., Jang W. Y., Ha H. Y., Park D. I., Lee K. T., Paik S. W., Yoo B. C., Rhee J. C. Prognostic value of VEGF in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Korean. J. Intern. Med. 2004; 19(1)10–14, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ebert M., Yokoyama M., Friess H., Kobrin M. S., Buchler M. W., Korc M. Induction of platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains and over-expression of their receptors in human pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Cancer 1995; 62(5)529–535, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Fujioka S., Yoshida K., Yanagisawa S., Kawakami M., Aoki T., Yamazaki Y. Angiogenesis in pancreatic carcinoma: thymidine phosphorylase expression in stromal cells and intratumoral microvessel density as independent predictors of overall and relapse-free survival. Cancer 2001; 92(7)1788–1797, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Ohta T., Yamamoto M., Numata M., Iseki S., Tsukioka Y., Miyashita T., Kayahara M., Nagakawa T., Miyazaki I., Nishikawa K., Yoshitake Y. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor in human pancreatic carcinomas. Br. J. Cancer 1995; 72(4)824–831, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Bockhorn M., Tsuzuki Y., Xu L., Frilling A., Broelsch C. E., Fukumura D. Differential vascular and transcriptional responses to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody in orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003; 9(11)4221–4226, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Bruns C. J., Shrader M., Harbison M. T., Portera C., Solorzano C. C., Jauch K. W., Hicklin D. J., Radinsky R., Ellis L. M. Effect of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antibody DC101 plus gemcitabine on growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer growing orthotopically in nude mice. Int. J. Cancer 2002; 102(2)101–108, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Baker C. H., Solorzano C. C., Fidler I. J. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling for therapy of metastatic human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 2002; 62(7)1996–2003, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Crane C. H., Ellis L. M., Xiong H., Ho L., O'Reilly M., Evans D. B., Delclos M. E., Abbruzzese J. L., Charnsangavej C., Ng C., Tamm E. P., Wolff R. A. Preliminary results of a phase I study of rhuMab VEGF (bevacizumab) with concurrent radiotherapy (XRT) and capecitabine (CAP). in Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, San Francisco, CA 2004, Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol
  • Kindler H. L., Friberg G., Stadler W. M., Singh D. A., Locker G., Nattam S., Kozloff M., Kasza K., Vokes E. E. Bevacizumab (B) plus gemcitabine (G) in patient (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC): Updated results of a multi-center phase II trial. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Clin J. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)4009, [CSA]
  • Burris H. A., 3rd, Moore M. J., Andersen J., Green M. R., Rothenberg M. L., Modiano M. R., Cripps M. C., Portenoy R. K., Storniolo A. M., Tarassoff P., Nelson R., Dorr F. A., Stephens C. D., Von Hoff D. D. Improvements in survival and clinical benefit with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreas cancer: a randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 1997; 15(6)2403–2413, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Honda H., Tajima T., Taguchi K., Kuroiwa T., Yoshimitsu K., Irie H., Aibe H., Shinozaki K., Asayama Y., Shimada M., Masuda K. Recent developments in imaging diagnostics for HCC: CT arteriography and CT arterioportography evaluation of vascular changes in premalignant and malignant hepatic nodules. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 2000; 7(3)245–251, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Poon R. T., Ho J. W., Tong C. S., Lau C., Ng I. O., Fan S. T. Prognostic significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Br. J. Surg. 2004; 91(10)1354–1360, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Zhao J., Hu J., Cai J., Yang X., Yang Z. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2003; 116(5)772–776, [CSA]
  • Hirohashi K., Yamamoto T., Uenishi T., Ogawa M., Sakabe K., Takemura S., Shuto T., Tanaka H., Kubo S., Kinoshita H. CD44 and VEGF expression in extrahepatic metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2004; 51(58)1121–1123, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Jeng K. S., Sheen I. S., Wang Y. C., Gu S. L., Chu C. M., Shih S. C., Wang P. C., Chang W. H., Wang H. Y. Is the vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma of prognostic value after resection?. World J. Gastroenterol. 2004; 10(5)676–681, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Jeng K. S., Sheen I. S., Wang Y. C., Gu S. L., Chu C. M., Shih S. C., Wang P. C., Chang W. H., Wang H. Y. Prognostic significance of preoperative circulating vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; 10(5)643–648, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Tanaka S., Mori M., Sakamoto Y., Makuuchi M., Sugimachi K., Wands J. R. Biologic significance of angiopoietin-2 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Clin. Invest. 1999; 103(3)341–345, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Schwartz J. D., Schwartz M., Goldman J., Lehrer D., Coll D., Kinkabwala M., Wadler S. Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without metastasis and without invasion of the portal vein. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Clin J. Oncol. 2004; 22(14S)4088, [CSA]
  • Zhu A. X., Sahani D., Norden-Zfoni A., Holalkere N. S., Blaszkowsky L., Ryan D. P., Clark J. W., Taylor K., Heymach J. V., Stuart K. A Phase II Study of Gemcitabine, Oxaliplatin in Combination with Bevacizumab (GEMOX-B) in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. in Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Orlando, FL 2005, Abs. 134
  • Terris B., Scoazec J. Y., Rubbia L., Bregeaud L., Pepper M. S., Ruszniewski P., Belghiti J., Flejou J., Degott C. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in digestive neuroendocrine tumours. Histopathology 1998; 32(2)133–138, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Konno H., Arai T., Tanaka T., Baba M., Matsumoto K., Kanai T., Nakamura S., Baba S., Naito Y., Sugimura H., Yukita A., Asano M., Suzuki H. Antitumor effect of a neutralizing antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor on liver metastasis of endocrine neoplasm. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 1998; 89(9)933–939, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Yao J. C., Ng C., Hoff P. M., Phan A. T., Hess K., Chen H., Wang X., Abbruzzese J. L., Ajani J. A. Improved progression free survival (PFS), and rapid, sustained decrease in tumor perfusion among patients with advanced carcinoid treated with bevacizumab. in Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Orlando, FL 2005, Abs. 4007
  • Kulke M., Lenz H. J., Meropol N. J., Posey J., Ryan D. P., Picus J., Bergsland E., Stuart K., Baum C. M., Fuchs C. S. A phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SU11248 in patients (pts) with unresectable neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). in Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., Orlando, FL 2005, Abs. 4008
  • Miettinen M., Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors–definition, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features and differential diagnosis. Virchows Arch 2001; 438(1)1–12, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Demetri G. D., von Mehren M., Blanke C. D., Van den Abbeele A. D., Eisenberg B., Roberts P. J., Heinrich M. C., Tuveson D. A., Singer S., Janicek M., Fletcher J. A., Silverman S. G., Silberman S. L., Capdeville R., Kiese B., Peng B., Dimitrijevic S., Druker B. J., Corless C., Fletcher C. D., Joensuu H. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 347(7)472–480, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.