A survey on technological tools and systems for diagnosis and therapy of autism spectrum disorder

References

• Abu-Amara, F., Bensefia, A., Mohammad, H., & Tamimi, H. (2021). Robot and virtual reality-based intervention in autism: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore), 13(5), 1879–1891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-021-00740-9
   Google Scholar
• Alessandrini, A., Cappelletti, A., & Zancanaro, M. (2014). Audio-augmented paper for therapy and educational intervention for children with autistic spectrum disorder. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 72(4), 422–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2013.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almazaydeh, L., Al-Mohtadi, R., Abuhelaleh, M., & Tawil, A. A. (2022). Virtual reality technology to support the independent living of children with autism. International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering, 12(4), 4111. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i4.pp4111-4117
   Google Scholar
• Alnajjar, F., Cappuccio, M. L., Mubin, O., Arshad, R., & Shahid, S. (2020). Humanoid robots and autistic children: A review on technological tools to assess social attention and engagement. International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 17(6), 2030001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219843620300019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amara, K., Boudjemila, C., Zenati, N., Djekoune, O., Aklil, D., & Kenoui, M. (2022). AR computer-assisted learning for children with ASD based on hand gesture and voice interaction. IETE Journal of Research, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2022.2101554
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
   Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulou, P., Alexandropoulou, V., Lorentzou, G., Lykothanasi, A., Ntaoun- Taki, P., & Drigas, A. (2020). Artificial intelligence in autism assessment. In- Ternational Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(6), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i06.11231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artoni, S., Buzzi, M. C., Buzzi, M., Fenili, C., Leporini, B., Mencarini, S., & Senette, C. (2013). A portable application for supporting ABA intervention (R. Manduchi, Ed.). Journal of Assistive Technologies, 7(2), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1108/17549451311328763
   Google Scholar
• Bai, Z., Blackwell, A. F., & Coulouris, G. (2015). Using augmented reality to elicit pretend play for children with autism. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 21(5), 598–610. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2014.2385092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen, S., & Hadwin, J. A. (1999). Teaching children with autism to mind-read: A practical guide for teachers and parents. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Beaudoin, A. J., Pedneault, F., Houle, M., Bilodeau, C., Gauvin, M.-P., Groleau, D., Brochu, P., & Couture, M. (2021). Case study assessing the feasibility of using a wearable haptic device or humanoid robot to facilitate transitions in occupational therapy sessions for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering, 8, 205566832110490. https://doi.org/10.1177/20556683211049041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekele, E., Lahiri, U., Swanson, A. R., Crittendon, J. A., Warren, Z. E., & Sarkar, N. (2013). A step towards developing adaptive robot-mediated intervention architecture (ARIA) for children with autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 21(2), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2012.2230188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Sasson, A., Lamash, L., & Gal, E. (2012). To enforce or not to enforce? the use of collaborative interfaces to promote social skills in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 17(5), 608–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361312451526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolte, S., Feineis-Matthews, S., Leber, S., Dierks, T., Hubl, D., & Poustka, F. (2002). The development and evaluation of a computer-based program to test and to teach the recognition of facial affect. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 61(sup 2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v61i0.17503
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bondioli, M., Chessa, S., Narzisi, A., Pelagatti, S., & Piotrowicz, D. (2019). Capturing play activities of young children to detect autism red flags. 10th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (ISAMI 2019), Avila, Spain. (pp. 71–79). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24097-4_9
   Google Scholar
• Bondioli, M., Chessa, S., Narzisi, A., Pelagatti, S., & Zoncheddu, M. (2021). Towards motor-based early detection of autism red flags: Enabling technology and ex- ploratory study protocol. Sensors, 21(6), 1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21061971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosseler, A., & Massaro, D. (2003). Development and evaluation of a computer- animated tutor for vocabulary and language learning in children with autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 33(6), 653–672. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADD.0000006002.82367.4f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, B., & Arnedillo-Sanchez, I. (2022). The inclusion of children on the autism spectrum in the design of learning technologies: A small-scale exploration of adults’ perspectives. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.867964
   Google Scholar
• Cai, Y., Chia, N. K. H., Thalmann, D., Kee, N. K. N., Zheng, J., & Thalmann, N. M. (2013). Design and development of a virtual dolphinarium for children with autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 21(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2013.2240700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cañete, R., Lopez, S., & Peralta, M. E. (2021). Keyme: Multifunctional smart toy for children with autism spectrum disorder. Sustainability, 13(7), 4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, H.-L., Esteban, P. G., Bartlett, M., Baxter, P., Belpaeme, T., Billing, E., Cai, H., Coeckelbergh, M., Costescu, C., David, D., Beir, A. D., Hernandez, D., Kennedy, J., Liu, H., Matu, S., Mazel, A., Pandey, A., Richardson, K. … Ziemke, T. (2019). Robot-enhanced therapy: Development and validation of supervised autonomous robotic system for autism spectrum disorders therapy. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 26(2), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2019.2904121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caro, K., Tentori, M., Martinez-Garcia, A. I., & Alvelais, M. (2017). Using the Frog- gyBobby exergame to support eye-body coordination development of children with severe autism. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 105, 12–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso, A., Gila, L., Fulceri, F., Salvitti, T., Micai, M., Baccinelli, W., Bulgheroni, M., & Scattoni, M. L. (2020). Early motor development predicts clinical out- comes of siblings at high-risk for autism: Insight from an innovative motion-tracking technology. Brain Sciences, 10(6), 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellanos, A. E. O., Liu, C.-M., & Shi, C. (2022). Deep mobile linguistic therapy for patients with ASD. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., Wang, G., Zhang, K., Wang, G., & Liu, L. (2019). A pilot study on evaluating children with autism spectrum disorder using computer games. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M., Xiao, W., Hu, L., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., & Tao, G. (2021). Cognitive wearable robotics for autism perception enhancement. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 21(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3450630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman-Martin, M., Wolff-Heller, K., Cihak, D. F., & I, K. (2005). Using computer-assisted instruction and the nonverbal reading approach to teach word identi- fication. Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities, 20(2), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/10883576050200020401
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, J., Haber, N., Voss, C., Schwartz, J., Tamura, S., Fazel, A., Kline, A., Washington, P., Phillips, J., Winograd, T., Feinstein, C., & Wall, D. (2018). Feasi- bility testing of a wearable behavioral aid for social learning in children with autism. Applied Clinical Informatics, 09(1), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626727
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, J., Schwartz, J. N., Voss, C., Haber, N., Fazel, A., Kline, A., Washington, P., Feinstein, C., Winograd, T., & Wall, D. P. (2018). Exploratory study examining the at-home feasibility of a wearable tool for social-affective learning in children with autism. NPJ Digital Medicine, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-018-0035-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawson, G., & Sapiro, G. (2019). Potential for digital behavioral measurement tools to transform the detection and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(4), 305. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Arancibia, L., Sánchez-González, P., Gomez, E. J., Hernando, M. E., & Oropesa, I. (2019). Linear vs nonlinear classification of social joint attention in autism using VR P300-based brain computer interfaces. XV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, Coimbra, Portugal (Vol. 76, pp. 1869–1874). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_227
   Google Scholar
• Del Coco, M., Leo, M., Carcagni, P., Fama, F., Spadaro, L., Ruta, L., Pioggia, G., & Distante, C. (2018). Study of mechanisms of social interaction stimulation in autism spectrum disorder by assisted humanoid robot. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 10(4), 993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2017.2783684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Urturi, Z., Zorrilla, A., & Zapirain, B. (2011). Serious game based on first aid education for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using android mobile devices. Proc. Int. Conference on Computer Games (CGAMES), Louisville, KY USA , 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1109/CGAMES.2011.6000343
   Google Scholar
• DiNuovo, A., Conti, D., Trubia, G., Buono, S., & DiNuovo, S. (2018). Deep learning systems for estimating visual attention in robot-assisted therapy of children with autism and intellectual disability. Robotics, 7(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics7020025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiPalma, S., Tonacci, A., Narzisi, A., Domenici, C., Pioggia, G., Muratori, F., & Bil- Leci, L. (2017). Monitoring of autonomic response to sociocognitive tasks during treatment in children with autism spectrum disorders by wearable technologies: A feasibility study. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 85, 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, S. N., Shi, Y., Das, S., & Biswas, S. (2021). Validation of wearable sensor technology to measure social proximity of young children with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 37(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/10883576211028223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger, H. L., Dawson, G., Hashemi, J., Carpenter, K. L. H., Espinosa, S., Campbell, K., Brotkin, S., Schaich-Borg, J., Qiu, Q., Tepper, M., Baker, J. P., Bloomfield, R. A., & Sapiro, G. (2018). Automatic emotion and attention analysis of young children at home: A ResearchKit autism feasibility study. NPJ Digital Medicine, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-018-0024-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egido-Garcıéa, V., Estévez, D., Corrales-Paredes, A., Terron-Lopez, M.-J., & Velasco-Quintana, P.-J. (2020). Integration of a social robot in a pedagogical and logo- pedic intervention with children: A case study. Sensors, 20(22), 6483. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobedo, L., Ibarra, C., Hernandez, J., Alvelais, M., & Tentori, M. (2014). Smart objects to support the discrimination training of children with autism. Per- Sonal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18(6), 1485–1497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-013-0750-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito, M., Sloan, J., Tancredi, A., Gerardi, G., Postiglione, P., Fotia, F., Napoli, E., Mazzone, L., Valeri, G., & Vicari, S. (2017). Using tablet applications for children with autism to increase their cognitive and social skills. Journal of Special Education Technology, 32(4), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162643417719751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faria, D. R., Bird, J. J., Daquana, C., Kobylarz, J., & Ayrosa, P. P. S. (2020). Towards AI-based interactive game intervention to monitor concentration levels in children with attention deficit. International Journal of Information and Educa- Tion Technology, 10(9), 641–648. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.9.1437
   Google Scholar
• Feng, H., Mahoor, M. H., & Dino, F. (2022). A music-therapy robotic platform for children with autism: A pilot study. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.855819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallardo-Montes, C. P., Caurcel Cara, M. J., & Rodríguez Fuentes, A. (2022). Tech- nologies in the education of children and teenagers with autism: Evaluation and classification of apps by work areas. Education and Information Technologies, 27(3), 4087–4115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10773-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevarter, C., Najar, A. M., & Siciliano, M. (2022). Teaching children with autism to create multi-symbol messages on augmentative alternative communication applications during play. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-022-00254-w
   Google Scholar
• Goodrich, M. A., Colton, M., Brinton, B., Fujiki, M., Atherton, J. A., Robinson, L., Ricks, D., Maxfield, M. H., & Acerson, A. (2012). Incorporating a robot into an autism therapy team. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 27(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2012.40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güler, T. D., & Erdem, M. (2022). Use of mobile social story maps in the development of cognitive and social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Special Education Technology, 37(4), 482–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/01626434211037547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachisu, T., Pan, Y., Matsuda, S., Bourreau, B., & Suzuki, K. (2018). FaceLooks: A smart headband for signaling face-to-face behavior. Sensors, 18(7), 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halabi, O., El-Seoud, S. A., Alja’am, J., Alpona, H., Al-Hemadi, M., & Al-Hassan, D. (2017). Design of immersive virtual reality system to improve communication skills in individuals with autism. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Ijet), 12(5), 50. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i05.6766
   Google Scholar
• Hao, Z., Ma, J., & Sun, W. (2022). The technology-oriented pathway for auxiliary diagnosis in the digital health age: A self-adaptive disease prediction model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak coherence account: Detail-focused cogni- tive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, C. D. C., McDaniel, T., Venkateswara, H., & Panchanathan, S. (2021). Improving communication skills of children with autism through support of applied behavioral analysis treatments using multimedia computing: A survey. Univer- Sal Access in the Information Society, 20(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-019-00707-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hocking, D. R., Ardalan, A., Abu-Rayya, H. M., Farhat, H., Andoni, A., Lenroot, R., & Kachnowski, S. (2022). Feasibility of a virtual reality-based exercise interven- tion and low-cost motion tracking method for estimation of motor proficiency in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 19(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00978-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh, M., Koohpayehzadeh, J., Bali, A. O., Rad, F. A., Souri, A., Mazaherinezhad, A., Rezapour, A., & Bohlouli, M. (2021). A review on diagnostic autism spectrum disorder approaches based on the internet of things and ma- chine learning. Journal of Supercomputing, 77(3), 2590–2608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03357-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huijnen, C. A. G. J., Lexis, M. A. S., Jansens, R., & de Witte, L. P. (2016). Mapping robots to therapy and educational objectives for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 2100–2114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2740-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iakovidou, N., Lanzarini, E., Singh, J., Fiori, F., & Santosh, P. (2020). Differentiating females with rett syndrome and those with multi-comorbid autism spectrum disorder using physiological biomarkers: A novel approach. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(9), 2842. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javed, H., Burns, R., Jeon, M., Howard, A. M., & Park, C. H. (2020). A robotic framework to facilitate sensory experiences for children with autism spectrum disorder. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction, 9(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jialiang, H., Haiyan, Z., & Huiying, Z. (2021). Research on the auxiliary treatment sys- tem of childhood autism based on virtual reality. Journal of Decision Systems, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2021.2003512
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, D., Egermann, H., & Kearney, G. (2019). Measuring the behavioral response to spatial audio within a multi-modal virtual reality environment in children with autism spectrum disorder. Applied Sciences, 9(15), 3152. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153152
   Google Scholar
• Kientz, J., Hayes, G., Westeyn, T., Starner, T., & Abowd, G. (2007). Pervasive com- puting and autism: Assisting caregivers of children with special needs. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 6(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2007.18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli, M., Kar, A. K., & Sinha, S. (2022a). The role of intelligent technologies in early detection of autism spectrum disorder (asd): A scoping review. IEEE Access, 10, 104887–104913. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3208587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli, M., Kar, A. K., & Sinha, S. (2022b). The role of intelligent technologies in early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A scoping review. IEEE Access, 10, 104887–104913. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3208587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kojovic, N., Natraj, S., Mohanty, S. P., Maillart, T., & Schaer, M. (2021). Using 2d video-based pose estimation for automated prediction of autism spectrum disorders in young children. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94378-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozima, H., Michalowski, M. P., & Nakagawa, C. (2009). Keepon. International Jour- Nal of Social Robotics, 1(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-008-0009-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuriakose, S., & Lahiri, U. (2017). Design of a physiology-sensitive VR-based social communication platform for children with autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 25(8), 1180–1191. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2016.2613879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahiri, U., Bekele, E., Dohrmann, E., Warren, Z., & Sarkar, N. (2013). Design of a virtual reality based adaptive response technology for children with autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 21(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2012.2218618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, N., Goes, N., Struck, M., Wittenberg, T., Goes, N., Seßner, J., Franke, J., Wittenberg, T., Dziobek, I., Kirst, S., & Naumann, S. (2021). Evaluation of an algorithm for optical pulse detection in children for application to the pepper robot. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, 7(2), 484–487. https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2123
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J., Lee, T. S., Lee, S., Jang, J., Yoo, S., Choi, Y., & Park, Y. R. (2022). Devel- opment and application of a metaverse-based social skills training program for children with autism spectrum disorder to improve social interaction: Proto- col for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 11(6), e35960. https://doi.org/10.2196/35960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C.-S., Chang, S.-H., Liou, W.-Y., & Tsai, Y.-S. (2013). The development of a multimedia online language assessment tool for young children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(10), 3553–3565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Zuo, S., & Hsu, C.-L. (2021). Interactive cognitive training tool designed for autism spectrum disorder children. Sensors and Materials, 33(1), 405. https://doi.org/10.18494/sam.2021.3024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louie, W.-Y. G., Korneder, J., Abbas, I., & Pawluk, C. (2020). A study on an applied behavior analysis-based robot-mediated listening comprehension intervention for ASD. Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics, 12(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2021-0005
   Google Scholar
• Macpherson, K., Charlop, M. H., & Miltenberger, C. A. (2014). Using portable video modeling technology to increase the compliment behaviors of children with autism during athletic group play. Journal of Autism and Developmental Dis- Orders, 45(12), 3836–3845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2072-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Bakian, A. V., Bilder, D. A., Durkin, M. S., Esler, A., Furnier, S. M., Hallas, L., Hall-Lande, J., Hudson, A., Hughes, M. M., Patrick, M., Pierce, K., Poynter, J. N., Salinas, A., Shenouda, J., Vehorn, A., Warren, Z. … Lopez, 5. (2021). Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years — Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2018. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 70(11), 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mairena, M. Á., Mora-Guiard, J., Malinverni, L., Padillo, V., Valero, L., Hervás, A., & Pares, N. (2019). A full-body interactive videogame used as a tool to foster social initiation conducts in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 67, 101438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, X., & Yang, J. (2021). Development of the interactive rehabilitation game system for children with autism based on game psychology (F. Khan, Ed.). Mobile Information Systems, 2021, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6020208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertz, L. (2021). Ai, virtual reality, and robots advancing autism diagnosis and ther- apy. IEEE Pulse, 12(5), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPULS.2021.3113092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modugumudi, Y. R., Santhosh, J., & Anand, S. (2013). Efficacy of collaborative virtual environment intervention programs in emotion expression of children with autism. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 3(2), 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2013.1167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales, A., Cibrian, F. L., Castro, L. A., & Tentori, M. (2022). An adaptive model to support biofeedback in AmI environments: A case study in breathing training for autism. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 26(6), 1445–1460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-020-01512-1
   Google Scholar
• Mruzek, D. W., McAleavey, S., Loring, W. A., Butter, E., Smith, T., McDonnell, E., Levato, L., Aponte, C., Travis, R. P., Aiello, R. E., Taylor, C. M., Wilkins, J. W., Corbett-Dick, P., Finkelstein, D. M., York, A. M., & Zanibbi, K. (2019). A pilot investigation of an Ios-based app for toilet training children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 23(2), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317741741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muharib, R., Alzrayer, N. M., Wood, C. L., & Voggt, A. P. (2019). Backward chaining and speech-output technologies to enhance functional communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental disabilities. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 35(4), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2019.1704433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narzisi, A., Bondioli, M., Pardossi, F., Billeci, L., Buzzi, M. C., Buzzi, M., Pinzino, M., Senette, C., Semucci, V., Tonacci, A., Uscidda, F., Vagelli, B., Giuca, M. R., & Pelagatti, S. (2020). “Mom Let’s Go to the Dentist!” preliminary feasibility of a tailored dental intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder in the Italian public health service. Brain Sciences, 10(7), 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narzisi, A., Posada, M., Barbieri, F., Chericoni, N., Ciuffolini, D., Pinzino, M., Romano, R., Scattoni, M., Tancredi, R., Calderoni, S., & Muratori, F. (2018). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in a large Italian catchment area: A school-based population study within the ASDEU project. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796018000483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, J., Cardy, R. E., Anagnostou, E., Brian, J., & Kushki, A. (2021). Examin- ing the effect of a wearable, anxiety detection technology on improving the awareness of anxiety signs in autism spectrum disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Molecular Autism, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00477-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie, G., Ullal, A., Zheng, Z., Swanson, A. R., Weitlauf, A. S., Warren, Z. E., & Sarkar, N. (2021). An immersive computer-mediated caregiver-child interaction system for young children with autism spectrum disorder. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 29, 884–893. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2021.3077480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunez, E., Matsuda, S., Hirokawa, M., Yamamoto, J., & Suzuki, K. (2018). Effect of sensory feedback on turn-taking using paired devices for children with ASD. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(4), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2040061
   Google Scholar
• Orlandi, S., Manfredi, C., Bocchi, L., & Scattoni, M. L. (2012). Automatic newborn cry analysis: A non-invasive tool to help autism early diagnosis. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, San Diego, California, USA (pp. 2953–2956). https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346583
   Google Scholar
• Özcan, B., Caligiore, D., Sperati, V., Moretta, T., & Baldassarre, G. (2016). Transi- tional wearable companions: A novel concept of soft interactive social robots to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(4), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-016-0373-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hrobjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Wilson, E. … Moher, D. (2021). The prisma 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palsbo, S. E., & Hood-Szivek, P. (2012). Effect of robotic-assisted three-dimensional repetitive motion to improve hand motor function and control in children with handwriting deficits: A nonrandomized phase 2 device trial. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(6), 682–690. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2012.004556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavez, R., Diaz, J., Arango-Lopez, J., Ahumada, D., Mendez-Sandoval, C., & Moreira, F. (2021). Emo-mirror: A proposal to support emotion recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders. Neural Computing and Applications, 35(11), 7913–7924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06592-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccardi, E. S., Begum Ali, J., Jones, E. J. H., Mason, L., Charman, T., Johnson, M. H., Gliga, T., Agyapong, M., Bazelmans, T., Dafner, L., Ersoy, M., Goodwin, A., Haartsen, R., Hendry, A., Holman, R., Kalwarowsky, S., Kolesnik, A., Lloyd-Fox, S. … Team, B. (2021). Behavioural and neural markers of tactile sensory processing in infants at elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-020-09334-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porayska-Pomsta, K., Alcorn, A. M., Avramides, K., Beale, S., Bernardini, S., Foster, M. E., Frauenberger, C., Good, J., Guldberg, K., Keay-Bright, W., Kossyvaki, L., Lemon, O., Mademtzi, M., Menzies, R., Pain, H., Rajendran, G., Waller, A., Wass, S., & Smith, T. J. (2018). Blending human and artificial intelligence to support autistic children’s social communication skills. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 25(6), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/3271484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Préfontaine, I., Lanovaz, M. J., McDuff, E., McHugh, C., & Cook, J. L. (2019). Using mobile technology to reduce engagement in stereotypy: A validation of decision- making algorithms. Behavior Modification, 43(2), 222–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445517748560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puli, A., & Kushki, A. (2020). Toward automatic anxiety detection in autism: A real- time algorithm for detecting physiological arousal in the presence of motion. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 67(3), 646–657. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2919273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radoff, J. (2021). The metaverse value-chain 19 October 2022. https://medium.com/building-the-metaverse/the-metaverse-value-chain-afcf9e09e3a7
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M., Ferdous, S., Ahmed, S. I., & Anwar, A. (2011). Speech development of autistic children by interactive computer games (M. Ketterl, Ed.). Interactive Technology & Smart Education, 8(4), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/17415651111189450
   Google Scholar
• Ramírez-Duque, A. A., Aycardi, L. F., Villa, A., Munera, M., Bastos, T., Belpaeme, T., Frizera-Neto, A., & Cifuentes, C. A. (2021). Collaborative and inclusive process with the autism community: A case study in colombia about social robot design. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13(2), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00627-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashidan, M. A., Sidek, S. N., Yusof, H. M., Khalid, M., Dzulkarnain, A. A. A., Ghazali, A. S., Zabidi, S. A. M., & Sidique, F. A. A. (2021). Technology- assisted emotion recognition for autism spectrum disorder (asd) children: A systematic literature review. IEEE Access, 9, 33638–33653. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060753
   Google Scholar
• Raya, M. A., Marıén-Morales, J., Minissi, M. E., Garcia, G. T., Abad, L., & Giglioli, I. A. C. (2020). Machine learning and virtual reality on body movements’ behaviors to classify children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(5), 1260. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins, B., & Dautenhahn, K. (2014). Tactile interactions with a humanoid robot: Novel play scenario implementations with children with autism. International Journal of Social Robotics, 6(3), 397–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0228-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, M. A. (2019). A deep learning approach in robot-assisted behavioral therapy for autistic children. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science & Engineering, 8(1.6), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/6381.62019
   Google Scholar
• Santos, N. B., Bavaresco, R. S., Tavares, J. E. R., Ramos, G. D. O., & Barbosa, J. L. V. (2021). A systematic mapping study of robotics in human care. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 144, 103833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2021.103833
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer, E. C., Gopal, K. V., Mathews, L., Thompson, S., Kaiser, K., McCullough, S., Jones, J., Castillo, P., Canale, E., & Hutcheson, A. (2019). Effects of auditory training and remote microphone technology on the behavioral performance of children and young adults who have autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 30(5), 431–443. https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahab, M., Taheri, A., Mokhtari, M., Shariati, A., Heidari, R., Meghdari, A., & Alemi, M. (2022). Utilizing social virtual reality robot (v2r) for music edu- cation to children with high-functioning autism. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 819–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10392-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapi’i, A., Rahman, N. A. A., Baharuddin, M. S., & Yaakub, M. R. (2018). Interactive games using hand-eye coordination method for autistic children ther- apy. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8(4–2), 1381. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.8.4-2.6793
   Google Scholar
• Simeoli, R., Milano, N., Rega, A., & Marocco, D. (2021). Using technology to identify children with autism through motor abnormalities. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635696
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotoodeh, M. S., & Taheri-Torbati, H. (2021). A point-light display model for teaching motor skills to children with autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(4), 1485–1503. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125211016814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, Q. P., Huang, L., Xu, D., Cen, Y., & Cao, Q. (2022). Serious game for VR road crossing in special needs education. Electronics, 11(16), 2568. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162568
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tentori, M., Escobedo, L., & Balderas, G. (2015). A smart environment for children with autism. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 14(2), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/mprv.2015.22
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teo, S.-H. J., Poh, X. W. W., Lee, T. S., Guan, C., Cheung, Y. B., Fung, D. S. S., Zhang, H. H., Chin, Z. Y., Wang, C. C., Sung, M., Goh, T. J., Weng, S. J., Tng, X. J. J., & Lim, C. G. (2021). Brain-computer interface based attention and social cognition training programme for children with ASD and co-occurring ADHD: A feasibility trial. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 89, 101882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terlouw, G., van ‘t Veer, J. T., Prins, J. T., Kuipers, D. A., & Pierie, J.-P. E. N. (2020). Design of a digital comic creator (it’s me) to facilitate social skills training for children with autism spectrum disorder: Design research approach. JMIR Mental Health, 7(7), e17260. https://doi.org/10.2196/17260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunc¸genc¸, B., Pacheco, C., Rochowiak, R., Nicholas, R., Rengarajan, S., Zou, E., Messenger, B., Vidal, R., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2021). Computerized assessment of motor imitation as a scalable method for distinguishing children with autism. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 6(3), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valadão, C. T., Goulart, C., Rivera, H., Caldeira, E., Filho, T. F. B., Frizera-Neto, A., & Carelli, R. (2016). Analysis of the use of a robot to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research on Biomedical Engineering, 32(2), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.01316
   Google Scholar
• Valori, I., Bayramova, R., McKenna-Plumley, P. E., & Farroni, T. (2020). Sensorimotor research utilising immersive virtual reality: A pilot study with children and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Brain Sciences, 10(5), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma, M., Washington, P., Chrisman, B., Kline, A., Leblanc, E., Paskov, K., Stockham, N., Jung, J.-Y., Sun, M. W., & Wall, D. P. (2022). Identification of social engagement indicators associated with autism spectrum disorder using a game-based mobile app: Comparative study of gaze fixation and visual scanning methods. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(2), e31830. https://doi.org/10.2196/31830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, S., Greenhill, S., Phung, D., Adams, B., & Duong, T. (2012). Pervasive multimedia for autism intervention. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 8(6), 863–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2012.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivanti, G., Prior, M., Katrina, W., & Dissanayake, C. (2014). Predictors of outcomes in autism early intervention: Why don’t we know more? Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2014.00058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voss, C., Schwartz, J., Daniels, J., Kline, A., Haber, N., Washington, P., Tariq, Q., Robinson, T. N., Desai, M., Phillips, J. M., Feinstein, C., Winograd, T., & Wall, D. P. (2019). Effect of wearable digital intervention for improving socialization in children with autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(5), 446. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade, J., Sarkar, A., Swanson, A., Weitlauf, A., Warren, Z., & Sarkar, N. (2017). Pro- cess measures of dyadic collaborative interaction for social skills intervention in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing, 10(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3107925
   Google Scholar
• Wall, D. P., Kosmicki, J., Deluca, T. F., Harstad, E., & Fusaro, V. A. (2012). Use of machine learning to shorten observation-based screening and diagnosis of autism. Translational Psychiatry, 2(4), e100. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2012.10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wan, G., Deng, F., Jiang, Z., Song, S., Hu, D., Chen, L., Wang, H., Li, M., Chen, G., Yan, T., Su, J., & Zhang, J. (2022). FECTS: A facial emotion cognition and training system for chinese children with autism spectrum disorder (M. Zhou, Ed.). Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9213526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedyan, M., Falah, J., Alturki, R., Giannopulu, I., Alfalah, S. F. M., Elshaweesh, O., & Al-Jumaily, A. (2021). Augmented reality for autistic children to enhance their understanding of facial expressions. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 5(8), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5080048
   Google Scholar
• Whitehouse, A. J., Granich, J., Alvares, G., Busacca, M., Cooper, M. N., Dass, A., Duong, T., Harper, R., Marshall, W., Richdale, A., Rodwell, T., Trembath, D., Vellanki, P., Moore, D. W., & Anderson, A. (2017). A randomised controlled trial of an iPad-based application to complement early behavioural intervention in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(9), 1042–1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, L. J., Zaraki, A., Robins, B., & Dautenhahn, K. (2021). Developing kaspar: A humanoid robot for children with autism. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13(3), 491–508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00563-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen, N. Y., Toe, T. T., & Yeung, C. S. (2010). Developing an assistive technology to help children with autism for recognising human emotion. HKIE Transactions, 17(4), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.2010.10668213
   Google Scholar
• Yun, S.-S., Kim, H., Choi, J., & Park, S.-K. (2016). A robot-assisted behavioral in- tervention system for children with autism spectrum disorders. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 76, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2015.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, W., & Lu, L. (2020). Research and development of autism diagnosis information system based on deep convolution neural network and facial expression data. Library Hi Tech, 38(4), 799–817. https://doi.org/10.1108/lht-08-2019-0176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H., Swanson, A. R., Weitlauf, A. S., Warren, Z. E., & Sarkar, N. (2018). Hand-in-hand: A communication-enhancement collaborative virtual reality system for promoting social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorders. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 48(2), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2018.2791562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, Z., Fu, Q., Zhao, H., Swanson, A. R., Weitlauf, A. S., Warren, Z. E., & Sarkar, N. (2017). Design of an autonomous social orienting training system (ASOTS) for young children with autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 25(6), 668–678. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2016.2598727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, Z., Young, E. M., Swanson, A. R., Weitlauf, A. S., Warren, Z. E., & Sarkar, N. (2016). Robot-mediated imitation skill training for children with autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 24(6), 682–691. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2015.2475724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar