HYDRODYNAMICS AND MASS TRANSFER IN A SPOUTED BED DRYER

REFERENCES

• Masters , K. , Spray Drying Handbook , 4th edition Longman Scientific and Technical , New York , ( 1972 ).
   Google Scholar
• Viswanathan , K , "Model for continuous drying of solids in fluidized/spouted beds", Can.J. Chem. Eng. , 64 , 87 – 95 ( 1986 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , P. P. and Y. B. G. Varna , “ Fluidised bed drying of granular food materials ” Powder Technology , 69 , 213 – 222 ( 1992 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legros , R. ,} C. A. Millington and R. Clift, “ A mobile bed process for fibrous materials ”, in Fluidization V , Eds. Ostergaard, K. and A. Sorensen, Eng. Found. , New York , 225 – 232 ( 1986 ).
   Google Scholar
• Legros , R. ,} C. A. Millington and R. Clift, “ Drying of tabacco particles in a mobilised bed ”, Drying Technology , 12 ( 3 ), 417 – 543 ( 1994 ).
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , T. and J. Bridgewater , “ Drying liquid materials in a spouted bed ”, Proc. 6th Int. Drying Symp. , Versailles , OP 113 – 117 ( 1988 ).
   Google Scholar
• Mathur , K. B. and P. E. Gishler , “ A technique for contacting gases with coarse solid panicles ”, A.I.Ch.E. J. , 1 , 175 – 164 ( 1955 ).
   Google Scholar
• Markowski , A. S. and W. Kaminski , “ Hydrodynamic characteristics of jet-spouted bed dryers ”, Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 61 , 377 – 381 , ( 1983 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viswanathan , K. , M. S. Lyall and B. C. Raychaudhuri , “ Spouted bed drying of agricultural grains ”, Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 64 , 223 – 232 ( 1986 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , S. W. M. , C. J. Lim and N. Epstein , “ Hydrodynamics of spouted beds at elevated temperatures ”, Chem. Eng. Comm. , 62 , 251 – 268 ( 1987 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green and Bridgewater , “ An experimental study of spouting in a large sector beds ”, Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 61 , 281 – 288 , ( 1983 ).
   Google Scholar
• Lim , C. J. and J. R. Grace , “ Spouted bed hydrodynamics in a 0.91 m diameter vessel ”, Can. J., Chem. Eng. , 65 , 366 – 372 ( 1987 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EL-Naas , M. H. , “ Spouted bed Hydrodynamics in a large vessel ”, B.A.Sc. Thesis , The University of British Columbia ( 1988 ).
   Google Scholar
• He , Y-L , C. J. Lim and J. R. Grace , “ Spouted bed and spout-fluid bed behaviour in a column of diameter 0.91 m ” Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 70 , 848 – 857 , ( 1992 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur , K. B. and N. Epstein , Spouted Beds , Academic Press , New York , ( 1974 ).
   Google Scholar
• San Jose , M. J. , M. Olazar , R. Aguado and J. Bilbao , “ Influence of the conical section geometry on the hydrodynamics of shallow spouted beds ”, The Chem. Eng. J. , 62 , 113 – 120 ( 1996 ).
   Google Scholar
• Passos , M. L. , A. S. Mujumdar and G. V. S. Raghavan , “Spouting and spout-fluidization of dry/wet particles in a two dimensional spouted bed” , in Drying of solids , Ed. A. S. Mujumdar , Sarita Parakashan , New Delhi , 211 – 220 ( 1990 ).
   Google Scholar
• Patel , K. , J. Bridgewater , C. G. J. Baker and T. Schneider , “ Spouting behaviour of wet solids ”, in Drying '86 , Ed. A. S. Mujumdar , Hemisphere Publishing Co. , New York , 183 – 189 ( 1986 ).
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , T. and J. Bridgewater , “ The stability of wet spouted beds ”, Drying Technology , 11 ( 2 ), 277 – 301 ( 1993 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh , B. , “ A study on the spouted bed -A theoretical analysis ”, Indian Chem. Engr. , 7 , 16 , ( 1965 ).
   Google Scholar
• Becker , H. A. , “ An investigation of laws governing the spouting of coarse particles ”, Chem. Eng. Sci. , 13 , 245 – 262 , ( 1961 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy , K. V. S. , R. J. Fleming and J. Smith , “ Maximum spoutable bed depths of mixed panicle-sized beds ”, Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 46 , 329 – 334 ( 1968 ).
   Google Scholar
• Littman , H. , M. H. Morgan , D. V. Vukovic , F. K. Zdanski and Z. B. Grbavcic , “ A theory for predicting the maximum spoutable height in a spouted bed ”, Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 55 , 497 – 501 ( 1977 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorley , B. , J. B. Saunby , K. B. Mathur and G. L. Osberg , “ An analysis of air and solid flow in a spouted wheat bed ”, Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 37 , 184 – 192 ( 1959 ).
   Google Scholar
• Malek , M. A. and B. C. Y. Lu , “ Pressure drop and spoutable bed height in spouted beds ”, Ind.Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. , 4 , 123 – 128 ( 1965 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefroy , G. A. and J. F. Davidson , “ The mechanics of spouted beds ”, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. , 47 , T120-T128 ( 1969 ).
   Google Scholar
• McNab , G. S. and J. Bridgewater , “ Spouted beds -Estimation of spouting pressure drop and the particle size for deepest bed ” Proc. European Congress on Particle Technology , Nuremberg ( 1977 ).
   Google Scholar
• Littman , H. , M. H. Morgan , D. V. Vukovic , F. K. Zdanski and Z. B. Grbavcic , “ Prediction of the maximum spoutable height and average spout to inlet tube diameter ratio in spouted beds of spherical particles ”, Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 57 , 684 – 687 ( 1979 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , M. H. and H. Littman , “ predicting the maximum spoutable height in spouted beds of irregularly shaped particles ” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. , 21 , 23 – 26 ( 1982 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uemaki , O. and M. Kugo , “ Mass transfer in spouted beds ”, Kagaku Kogaku , 32 , 895 ( 1968 ) [Cited in Mathur and Epstein (1974)].
   Google Scholar
• Rowe , P. N. and K. T. Claxton , “ Heat and mass transfer from a single sphere to fluid flowing through an array ”, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. , 43 , T321-T330 ( 1965 ).
   Google Scholar
• Thoenes , J. and H. Kramer , “ Mass transfer from spheres in various regular packing to a flowing fluid ”, Chem. Eng. Sci. , 8 , 271 – 283 ( 1958 ).
   Google Scholar
• McCabe , W. L. , J. C. Smith and P. Harriot , Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering , 4th Ed. , McGraw-Hill , New York ( 1985 ).
   Google Scholar