Drying Behavior of Carrots Dried in a Spout–Fluidized Bed Dryer

REFERENCES

• Lin , T.M. ; Durance , T.D. ; Scaman , C.H. Characterization of vacuum microwave, air and freeze dried carrot slices . Food Research International 1998 , 31 ( 2 ), 111 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plat , D. ; Ben-Shalom , N. ; Levi , A. Changes in pectic substances in carrot during dehydration with and without blanching . Journal of Food Chemistry 1991 , 39 , 1 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baloch , A.K. ; Buckle , K.A. ; Edwards , R.A. Effect of processing variables on the quality of dehydrated carrot. III. Leaching losses and stability of carrot during dehydration and storage . Journal of Food Technology 1977 , 12 , 292 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Jayarman , K.S. ; Gupta , D.K.D. Dehydration of fruits and vegetables—Recent developments in principles and techniques . Drying Technology 1992 , 10 ( 1 ), 1 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes , A. ; Alvarez , P.I. ; Marquardt , F.H. Drying of carrots in a fluidized bed. I. Effects of drying conditions and modelling . Drying Technology 2002 , 20 ( 7 ), 1463 – 1483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian , H. ; Ocone , R. Modeling the hydrodynamics of gas–solid suspension in downers . Powder Technology 2003 , 138 , 73 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• AOAC . Official Methods of Analysis, , 12th Ed. ; AOAC : Washington , DC , 1975 .
   Google Scholar
• Zielinska , M. The Influence of Selected Parameters on the Kinetics of Spout-Fluidized Bed Drying and Quality of Dried Carrot ; PhD Thesis, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 2005 (in Polish) .
   Google Scholar
• Mulet , A. Drying modelling and water diffusivity in carrots and potatoes . Journal of Food Engineering 1994 , 22 , 329 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira , R. ; Figueiredo , A. ; Sereno , A. Shrinkage of apple disks during drying by warm air convection and freeze drying . Drying Technology 2000 , 18 ( 1&2 ), 279 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krokida , M.K. ; Maroulis , Z.B. Effect of drying method on shrinkage and porosity . Drying Technology 1997 , 15 ( 10 ), 2441 – 2458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zogzas , N.P. ; Maroulis , Z.B. ; Marinous-Kouris , D. Densities, shrinkage and porosity of some vegetables during air drying . Drying Technology 1994 , 12 ( 7 ), 1653 – 1666 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee , D. ; Puri , V.M. ; Anantheswaran , R.C. Measurement of coupled heat and moisture transfer coefficients for selected vegetables . Drying Technology 1997 , 15 ( 1 ), 71 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird , R.B. ; Steward , W.E. ; Lightfood , E.N. Transport Phenomena ; John Wiley & Sons Inc. : New York , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Islam , M.R. ; Ho , J.C. ; Mujumdar , A.S. Simulation of liquid diffusion-controlled drying of shrinking thin slabs subjected to multiple heat sources . Drying Technology 2003 , 21 ( 3 ), 413 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serwinski , M. Principles of Chemical Process Engineering, , 3rd Ed. ; WNT ; Warsaw , 1982 ( in Polish ).
   Google Scholar
• Raznjevic , K. Thermal Tables with Diagrams ; WNT : Warsaw , 1964 ( in Polish ).
   Google Scholar
• Kneule , F. Drying ; Arkady : Warsaw , 1970 ( in Polish ).
   Google Scholar
• Crank , J. The Mathematics of Diffusion ; Oxford : Oxford University Press , 1975 .
   Google Scholar
• Velic , D. ; Planinic , M. ; Tomas , S. ; Bilic , M. Influence of airflow velocity on kinetics of convection apple drying . Journal of Food Engineering 2004 , 64 , 97 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulet , A. ; Berna , A. ; Rosello , C. ; Pinga , F. Drying of carrot. II. Evaluation of drying models . Drying Technology 1989 , 7 ( 4 ), 641 – 661 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okos , M.R. ; Narsimhan , G. ; Singh , R.H. ; Weitnauer , A.C. Food dehydration . In Handbook of Food Engineering ; Heldman , D.R. , Lunel , D.B. , Eds.; Morcel Inc. : New York , 1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Pabis , S. ; Jayas , D.S. ; Cenkowski , S. Grain Drying. Theory and Practice ; John Wiley & Sons : New York , 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Mayor , L. ; Sereno , A.M. Modelling shrinkage during convective drying of food materials: A review . Journal of Food Engineering 2004 , 61 , 373 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simal , S. ; Rossello , C. ; Berna , A. ; Mulet , A. Drying of shrinking cylinder-shaped bodies . Journal of Food Engineering 1998 , 37 , 423 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowski , M. Air Drying of vegetables: Evaluation of mass transfer coefficient . Journal of Food Engineering 1997 , 34 , 55 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowski , M. ; Stankiewicz , I. ; Zapotoczny , P. ; Borowska , J. Effect of variety on drying characteristics and selected quality attributes of dried carrots . Drying Technology 2006 , 24 , 1011 – 1018 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doymaz , I. Convective air drying characteristics of thin layer of carrots . Journal of Food Engineering 2004 , 61 , 359 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar