Experimental and Theoretical Study of Agitated Contact Drying of Sewage Sludge under Partial Vacuum Conditions

REFERENCES

• Lin , Y.Q. ; Zhou , S.H.Q. Investigation and analysis on the disposal and treatment of sludge in China . Energy Environment and Protection 2004 , 18 ( 6 ), 15 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Grüter , H. ; Matter , M. ; Oehlmann , K.H. ; Hicks , M.D. Drying of sewage sludge—An important step in waste disposal . Water Science and Technology 1990 , 22 ( 12 ), 57 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlabosse , P. ; Chavez , S. ; Prevot , C. Drying of municipal sewage sludge: From a laboratory scale batch indirect dryer to the paddle dryer . Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2005 , 22 ( 2 ), 227 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devahastin , S. ; Mujumdar , A.S. Indirect dryers . In Mujumdar , A.S. , Ed.; Handbook of Industrial Drying , , 3rd Ed ; CRC Press : Boca Raton , 2007 ; 137 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Lowe , P. Development in the thermal drying of sewage sludge . Water Environment Journal 1995 , 9 ( 3 ), 306 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson , J.A. ; Lowe , P. Current technologies for sludge treatment and disposal . Water Environment Journal 1996 , 10 ( 6 ), 436 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlabosse , P. ; Chavez , S. ; Lecomte , D. Method for thermal design of paddle dryers: Application to municipal sewage sludge . Drying Technology 2004 , 22 ( 10 ), 2375 – 2393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , J.B. ; Peng , X.F. ; Tao , T. ; Lee , D.J. Thermal drying of wastewater sludge with crack formation . Water Science and Technology 2004 , 50 ( 9 ), 177 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun , W.P. ; Lee , K.W. Sludge Drying Characteristics on Combined System of Contact Dryer and Fluidized Bed Dryer . Paper presented at the 14th International Drying Symposium , Sao Paulo , Brazil , August 22–25 , 2004 ; 1055 – 1061 .
   Google Scholar
• Hippinen , I. ; Ahtila , P. Drying of activated sludge under partial vacuum conditions—An experimental study . Drying Technology 2004 , 22 ( 9 ), 2119 – 2134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlünder , E.U. ; Mollekopf , N. Vacuum contact drying of free flowing mechanically agitated particulate materials . Chemical Engineering and Processing 1984 , 18 ( 2 ), 93 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Dittler , A. ; Bamberger , T. ; Gehrmann , D. ; Schlünder , E.U. Measurement and simulation of the vacuum contact drying of pastes in a LIST-type kneader drier . Chemical Engineering and Processing 1997 , 36 ( 4 ), 301 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlabosse , P. ; Chitu , T. Identification of the limiting mechanism in contact drying of agitated sewage sludge . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 4 ), 557 – 567 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollekopf , N. Wärmeübertragung an Mechanisch Durchmischtes Schüttgut mit Wärmesenken in Kontaktapparaten ; Ph.D Thesis, University of Karlsruhe , 1983 .
   Google Scholar
• Vaxelaire , J. Moisture sorption characteristics of waste activated sludge . Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 2001 , 76 , 377 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , G.W. ; Hung , W.T. ; Chang , I.L. ; Lee , S.F. ; Lee , D.J. Continuous classification of moisture content in waste activated sludges . Journal of Environmental Engineering 1997 , 123 , 253 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrasse , J.H. ; Lecomte , D. Simultaneous heat-flow differential calorimetry and thermogravimetry for fast determination of sorption isotherms and heat of sorption in environmental or food engineering . Chemical Engineering Science 2004 , 59 ( 6 ), 1365 – 1376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaxelaire , J. ; Mousques , P. ; Bongiovanni , M. ; Puiggali , J.R. Desorption isotherms of domestic activated sludge . Environmental Technology 2000 , 21 , 327 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry , ASTM E1269–01; Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA , 2001 .
   Google Scholar
• Dewil , R. ; Baeyens , J. ; Neyens , E. Fenton peroxidation improves the drying performance of waste activated sludge . Journal of Hazardous Materials 2005 , 117 ( 2–3 ), 161 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlslaw , H. ; Jaeger , J. Conduction of Heat in Solids , , 2nd Ed. ; Oxford University Press : London , 1960 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsotsas , E. ; Schlünder , E.U. Contact drying of mechanically agitated particulate material in the presence of inert gas . Chemical Engineering and Processing 1986 , 20 ( 6 ), 277 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• China National Standard, Method for Calorific Value Analysis of Coal , GB/T 213 ; 2003 .
   Google Scholar
• Deng , W.Y. ; Yan , J.H. ; Li , X.D. ; Wang , F. ; Zhu , X.W. ; Lu , S.Y. ; Cen , K.F. Emission characteristics of volatile compounds during sludges drying process . Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009 , 15 ( 1 ), 186 – 192 .
   Google Scholar