Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Characteristics of Spray-Freeze Drying for Various Parameters: Effects of Product Height, Heating Plate Temperature, and Wall Temperature

REFERENCES

• Liapis , A.I. ; Bruttini , R. A mathematical model for the spray freeze drying process: The drying of frozen particles in trays and in vials on trays . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2009 , 52 , 100 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P.A. ; Klumb , L.A. ; Herberger , J.D. ; Nguyen , X.C. ; Harrell , R.A. ; Zordich , M. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microsphere formulations of darbepoetin alfa: Spray drying is an alternative encapsulation by spray-freeze drying . Pharmaceutical Research 2004 , 21 ( 3 ), 500 – 506 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nugyen , X.C. ; Herberger , J.D. ; Burke , P.A. Protein powder for encapsulation: A comparison of spray-freeze drying and spray drying of darbepoetin alfa . Pharmaceutical Research 2004 , 21 ( 3 ), 507 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maa , Y.F. ; Nugyen , P.A. ; Sweeney , T. ; Shire , S.J. ; Hsu , C.C. Protein inhalation powers: Spray drying vs. spray freeze drying . Pharmaceutical Research 1999 , 16 , 249 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costantino , H.R. ; Firouzabadian , L. ; Hogeland , K. ; Wu , C. ; Beganski , C. ; Carrasquillo , K.G. ; Córdova , M. ; Griebenow , K. ; Zale , S.E. ; Tracy , M.A. Protein spray-freeze drying: Effect of atomization conditions on particle size and stability . Pharmaceutical Research 2000 , 17 , 1374 – 1382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costantino , H.R. ; Firouzabadian , L. ; Wu , C. ; Carrasquillo , K.G. ; Griebenow , K. ; Zale , S.E. ; Tracy , M.A. Protein spray freeze drying: 2. Effect of formulation variables on particle size and stability . Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2002 , 91 , 388 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosquillon , C. ; Lombry , C. ; Preat , V. ; Vambever , R. Influence of formulation excipients and physical characteristics of inhalation dry powders on their aerosolization performance . Journal of Controlled Release 2001 , 70 , 329 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruttini , R. ; Liapis , A.I. A theory for the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes: Comparison between experimental data and theory . Separations Technology 1994 , 4 , 144 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadikoglu , H. ; Liapis , A.I. Mathematical modeling of the primary and secondary drying stages of bulk solution freeze-drying in trays: Parameter estimation and model discrimination by comparison of theoretical results with experimental data . Drying Technology 1997 , 15 , 791 – 810 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan , P. ; Liapis , A.I. Modeling of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials: Numerical results obtained from the solution of a dynamic and spatially multi-dimensional lyophilization model for different operation policies . Biotechnology and Bioengineering 1998 , 60 , 712 – 728 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song , C.S. ; Nam , J.H. ; Kim , C.J. ; Ro , S.T. A finite volume analysis of vacuum freeze drying processes of skim milk solution in trays and vials . Drying Technology 2002 , 20 , 283 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , Y.Y. ; Lee , K.S. Comparative numerical study of freeze drying of solution and spray-frozen particles in trays and vials . Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Application 2008 , 54 , 406 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam , J.H. ; Song , C.S. An efficient calculation of multi-dimensional freeze drying problems using fixed grid method . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 , 2491 – 2511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam , J.H. ; Song , C.S. Numerical simulation of conjugate heat and mass transfer during multi-dimensional freeze drying of slab-shaped food products . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2007 , 50 , 4891 – 4900 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Z.H. ; Shi , M.H. The effects of sublimation-condensation region on heat and mass transfer during microwave freeze drying . Journal of Heat Transfer 1998 , 120 , 654 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song , C.S. ; Nam , J.H. ; Ro , S.T. ; Kim , C.J. Temperature distribution in a vial during freeze-drying of skim milk . Journal of Food Engineering 2005 , 67 , 467 – 475 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Z.H. ; Shi , M.H. Numerical study on sublimation-condensation phenomena during microwave freeze drying . Chemical Engineering Science 1998 , 53 , 3189 – 3197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird , R.B. ; Stewart , W.E. ; Lightfoot , E.N. Transport Phenomena, , 2nd Ed ; Wiley & Sons : New York , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaviany , M. Principles of Heat Transfer in Porous Media, , 2nd Ed ; Springer : New York , 1999 .
   Google Scholar
• Marti , J. ; Mauersberger , K. A survey and new measurements of ice vapor pressure at temperatures between 170 and 250 K . Geophysical Research Letters 1993 , 20 , 363 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patankar , S.V. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow ; Taylor & Francis : New York , 1980 .
   Google Scholar
• Press , W.H. ; Teukolsky , S.A. ; Vetterling , W.T. ; Flannery , B.P. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77: The Art of Scientific Computing, , 2nd Ed ; Cambridge University Press : New York , 1999 .
   Google Scholar
• Çengel , Y.A. ; Boles , M.A. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, , 3rd Ed ; McGraw-Hill : New York , 1998 .
   Google Scholar