Inversion Temperature and Pinch Analysis, Ways to Thermally Optimize Drying Processes

REFERENCES

• Baker , C.G.J. Energy efficient dryer operation—An update on developments . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 ( 9 ), 2071 – 2087 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , C.G.J. ; Al-Adwani , H.A.H. An evaluation of factors influencing the energy-efficient operation of well-mixed fluidized bed dryers . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 2 ), 311 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , C.G.J. ; McKenzie , K.A. Energy consumption of industrial spray dryers . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 ( 1–2 ), 365 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmour , J.E. ; Oliver , T.N. ; Jay , S. Energy use for drying processes: The potential benefits of airless drying . Drying 1998 , 98 , 573 – 580 .
   Google Scholar
• Kudra , T. ; Mujumdar , A.S. Advanced Drying Technologies, , 2nd Ed ; CRC Press : Boca Raton , FL , 2009 .
   Google Scholar
• Mujumdar , A.S. ; Devahastin , S. Fundamental principles of drying . In Guide to Industrial Drying: Principles, Equipment and New Developments ; Mujumdar , A.S. , Ed.; Colour Publications Pvt, Ltd. : Mumbai , India , 2000 ; Ch. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Warren Centre for Advanced Engineering . Industrial energy efficiency in Australia. 2000. Available from: http://www.warren.usyd.edu.au/projects/energy/ (accessed November 16, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Kudra , T. ; Platon , R. ; Navarri , P. Excel-based tool to analyze the energy performance of convective dryers . Drying Technology 2009 , 27 ( 11 ), 1302 – 1308 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhelev , T. The conceptual design approach—A process integration approach on the move . Resources Conservation & Recycling 2007 , 50 ( 2 ), 143 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhelev , T.K. ; Semkov , K.A. Cleaner flue gas and energy recovery through pinch analysis . Journal of Cleaner Production 2004 , 12 ( 2 ), 165 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall , G. ; Gong , M. Exergy analysis versus pinch technology . In Efficiency, Costs, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Energy Systems ; Alvfors , P. , Ed.; Royal Institute of Technology : Stockholm , Sweden , 1996 ; 451 – 455 .
   Google Scholar
• Sorin , M. ; Paris , J. Integrated exergy load distribution method and pinch analysis . Computers and Chemical Engineering 1999 , 23 ( 4 ), 497 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciubba , E. ; Ulgiati , S. Emergy and exergy analyses: Complementary methods or irreducible ideological options? Energy 2005 , 30 ( 10 ), 1953 – 1988 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , D. Energy, exergy and emergy analysis of using straw as fuel in district heating plants . Biomass and Bioenergy 1997 , 13 ( 1–2 ), 63 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen , S.E. ; Nielsen , S.N. ; Mejer , H. Emergy, environ, exergy and ecological modelling . Ecological Modelling 1995 , 77 ( 2–3 ), 99 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspelund , A. ; Berstad , D.O. ; Gundersen , T. An extended pinch analysis and design procedure utilizing pressure based exergy for subambient cooling . Applied Thermal Engineering 2007 , 27 ( 16 ), 2633 – 2649 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , D. ; Maréchal , F. ; Paris , J. A dual representation for targeting process retrofit, application to a pulp and paper process . Applied Thermal Engineering 2005 , 25 ( 7 ), 1067 – 1082 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng , X. ; Zhu , X.X. Combining pinch and exergy analysis for process modifications . Applied Thermal Engineering 1997 , 17 ( 3 ), 249 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciubba , E. Beyond thermoeconomics? The concept of extended exergy accounting and its application to the analysis and design of thermal systems . Exergy, An International Journal 2001 , 1 ( 2 ), 68 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Wimmerstedt , R. Steam drying—history and future . Drying Technology 1995 , 13 ( 5 ), 1059 – 1076 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mujumdar , A.S. , Ed. Handbook of Industrial Drying, , 3rd Ed ; CRC Press : Boca Raton , FL , 2007 .
   Google Scholar
• Mujumdar , A.S. ; Devahastin , S. Superheated steam drying: An Emerging Drying Technology [slide presentation]; Taastrup, Denmark, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , I.C. Pinch Analysis and Process Integration: A User Guide on Process Integration for the Efficient Use of Energy, , 2nd Ed ; Butterworth-Heinemann : Oxford , UK , 2007 .
   Google Scholar
• Prachayawarakorn , S. ; Soponronnarit , S. Superheated-steam drying applied in food engineering . In Innovation in Food Engineering: New Techniques and Products ; Passos , M.L. , Ribeiro , C.P. , Eds.; CRC Press : Boca Raton , FL , 2009 , Ch. 10.
   Google Scholar
• Costa , V.A.F. ; Neto da Silva , F. On the rate of evaporation of water into a stream of dry air, humidified air and superheated steam, and the inversion temperature . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2003 , 46 ( 19 ), 3717 – 3726 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charan , R. ; Prasad , S. Energy conservation in milk spray-drying plant . Journal of Food Engineering 1993 , 18 ( 3 ), 247 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie , J.S. ; Pritchard , C.L. Energy recovery and plume reduction from an industrial spray drying unit using an absorption heat transformer . Heat Recovery Systems and Combined Heat and Power 1994 , 14 ( 3 ), 239 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Higa , M. ; Freitas , A.J. ; Bannwart , A.C. ; Zemp , R.J. Thermal integration of multiple effect evaporator in sugar plant . Applied Thermal Engineering 2009 , 29 ( 2–3 ), 515 – 522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieniutycz , S. A development of the relation between drying energy savings and thermodynamic irreversibility . Chemical Engineering Science 1984 , 39 ( 12 ), 1647 – 1659 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velic , D. ; Bilic , M. ; Tomas , S. ; Planinic , M. Simulation, calculation and possibilities of energy saving in spray drying process . Applied Thermal Engineering 2003 , 23 ( 16 ), 2119 – 2131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zbicinski , I. Development and experimental verification of momentum, heat and mass transfer model in spray drying . The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal 1995 , 58 ( 2 ), 123 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , I.C. Analysis of separation systems by process integration . Journal of Separation Process Technology 1986 , 7 , 9 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , I.C. Reducing dryer energy use by process integration and pinch analysis . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 ( 9 ), 2089 – 2104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staine , F. ; Favrat , D. Energy integration of industrial processes based on the pinch analysis method extended to include exergy factors . Applied Thermal Engineering 1996 , 16 ( 6 ), 497 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krajnc , M. ; Glavic , P. Energy integration of mechanical heat pumps with process fluid as working fluid . Chemical Engineering Research and Design 1992 , 70 ( a ), 407 – 420 .
   Google Scholar
• Bahu , R.E. Spray drying—maturity or opportunities? In Eighth International Drying Symposium ; Mujumdar , A.S. , Ed.; Elsevier : Montreal , Canada , 1992 ; 74 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Ozmen , L. ; Langrish , T.A.G. A study of the limitations to spray dryer outlet performance . Drying Technology 2003 , 21 ( 5 ), 895 – 917 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reay , D. Energy conservation in industrial drying . Chemical Engineer (London) 1976 , 311 , 507 – 509 .
   Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. Multi-scale mathematical modelling of spray dryers . Journal of Food Engineering 2009 , 93 ( 2 ), 218 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar