A Wall Base Ventilation System Applied at Different Wall Geometries—Numerical Simulation of the Evaporative Process

REFERENCES

• Anderberg , A. ; Wadsö , L. Drying and hydration of cement based self-leveling flooring compounds . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 12 ), 1995 – 2003 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karoglou , M. ; Moropoulou , A. ; Maroulis , Z.B. ; Krokida , M.K. Drying kinetics of some building materials . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 ( 1–2 ), 305 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , M.I.M. ; Freitas , V.P. Treatment of rising damp in historical buildings: Wall base ventilation . Building and Environment 2007 , 42 ( 1 ), 424 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombert , R. Moisture of Old Buildings, Causes and Effects, Diagnosis and Improvements ; Editions du Moniteur : Paris , 1975 ( in French ).
   Google Scholar
• Torres , M.I.M. ; Freitas , V.P. The influence of the thickness of the walls and their properties on the treatment of rising damp in historic buildings . Construction and Building Materials 2010 , 24 ( 8 ), 1331 – 1339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMinn , W.A.M. ; Magee , T.R.A. Air drying kinetics of potato cylinders . Drying Technology 1996 , 14 ( 9 ), 2025 – 2040 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmalko , M.E. ; Ramallo , L.A. ; Morawicki , R.O. An application of simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a cylinder using the finite-difference method . Drying Technology 1998 , 16 ( 1–2 ), 283 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , H. ; Ramaswamy , H. Osmotic dehydration of apple cylinders: I. Conventional batch processing conditions . Drying Technology 2006 , 24 ( 5 ), 619 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guimarães , A.S. ; Delgado , J.M.P.Q. ; Freitas , V.P. Mathematical analysis of the evaporative process of a new technological treatment of rising damp in historic buildings . Building and Environment 2010 , 45 ( 11 ), 2414 – 2420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwosu , P.N. ; Onyegegbu , S.O. Modeling edge heat loss in a flat-plate absorber employed in an indirect solar dryer—A 2D Galerkin finite element analysis . Drying Technology 2011 , 29 ( 6 ), 661 – 672 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keey , R.B. ; Nijdam , J.J. Moisture movement on drying softwood boards and kiln design . Drying Technology 2002 , 20 ( 10 ), 1955 – 1974 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Incropera , F.P. ; deWitt , D.P. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, , 3rd ed. ; Wiley : New York , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferziger , J.H. ; Peric , M. Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics ; Springer-Verlag : Berlin , 1996 .
   Google Scholar
• Courant , R. ; Isaacson , E. ; Rees , M. On the solution of nonlinear hyperbolic differential equations by finite differences . Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 1952 , 5 ( 3 ), 243 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas , C.J. Policy statement on the control of numerical accuracy . ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering 1993 , 115 ( 2 ), 339 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Spalding , D.B. A novel finite-difference formulation for differential expressions involving both first and second derivatives . International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1972 , 4 ( 4 ), 551 – 559 .
   Google Scholar
• Patankar , S.V. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow ; Hemisphere Publishing Corporation : Washington , DC , 1980 .
   Google Scholar
• Shyy , W. A study of finite difference approximations to steady-state, convection-dominated flow problems . Journal of Computational Physics 1985 , 57 ( 3 ), 415 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard , B.P. A stable and accurate convective modelling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation . Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 1979 , 19 ( 1 ), 59 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweby , P.K. High resolution schemes using flux limiters for hyperbolic conservation-laws . SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 1984 , 21 ( 5 ), 995 – 1011 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard , B.P. Simple high-accuracy resolution program for convective modelling of discontinuities . International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 1988 , 8 ( 10 ), 1291 – 1318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaskell , P.H. ; Lau , A.K.C. Curvature compensated convective transport: SMART, a new boundedness preserving transport algorithm . International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 1988 , 8 ( 6 ), 617 – 641 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves , M.A. ; Oliveira , P.J. ; Pinho , F.T. A convergent and universally bounded interpolation scheme for the treatment of advection . International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 2003 , 41 ( 1 ), 47 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darwish , M.S. ; Moukalled , F. Normalized variable and space formulation methodology for high-resolution schemes . Numerical Heat Transfer - Part B 1994 , 26 ( 1 ), 79 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , J.D. Computational Fluid Dynamics ; McGraw-Hill : New York , 1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Coelho , M.A.N. ; Guedes de Carvalho , J.R.F. Transverse dispersion in granular beds: Part I—Mass transfer from a wall and the dispersion coefficient in packed beds . Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1988 , 66 ( 2 ), 165 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , C. ; Hoff , W.D. Water Transport in Brick, Stone and Concrete ; Taylor & Francis : London , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Gummerson , R.J. ; Hall , C. ; Hoff , W.D. Water movement in porous building materials—III. A sorptivity test procedure for chemical injection damp proofing . Building and Environment 1981 , 16 ( 3 ), 193 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimball , B.A. ; Jackson , R.D. ; Reginato , R.J. ; Nakayama , F.S. ; Idso , S.B. Comparison of field-measures and calculated soil-heat fluxes . Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America 1976 , 40 ( 1 ), 18 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay , A.L. ; Davies , H.N. Calculating potential evaporation from climate model data: A source of uncertainty for hydrological climate change impacts. Journal of Hydrology 2008, 358(3–4), 221–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penman , H.M. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 1948 , 193 ( 1032 ), 120 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Skelland , A.H.P. Diffusional Mass Transfer ; Wiley : New York , 1974 .
   Google Scholar