Application of 3D imaging and analysis techniques for the study of food plant cellular deformations during drying

References

• Jangam, S. V. An Overview of Recent Developments and Some R&D Challenges Related to Drying of Foods. Drying Technol. 2011, 29, 1343–1357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefan, G.; Hosahalli, S. R.; Michele, M. Drying of Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices. In Amalendu Chakraverty; Arun S. Mujumdar; G. S. Vijaya Raghavan; Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy, Eds.; Handbook of Postharvest Technology: Cereals, Fruits, Vegetables, Tea, and Spices; CRC Press: New York, USA; Basel, Switzerland, 2003; pp. 653–695.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, E. H. Characterizing the Kinetics of Free and Bound Water Using a Non-Isothermal Sorption Technique. Drying Technol. 2017, 35, 46–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kermani, A. M.; Khashehchi, M.; Kouravand, S.; Sadeghi, A. Effects of Intermittent Microwave Drying on Quality Characteristics of Pistachio Nuts. Drying Technol. 2016, 35, 1108–1116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu, H. T.; Scarlett, C. J.; Vuong, Q. V. Effects of Drying Conditions on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Banana (Musa Cavendish) Peels. Drying Technol. 2016, 35, 1141–1151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Würth, R.; Foerst, P.; Kulozik, U. Effects of Skim Milk Concentrate Dry Matter and Spray Drying Air Temperature on Formation of Capsules with Varying Particle Size and the Survival of Microbial Cultures in a Microcapsule Matrix. Drying Technol. 2017, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Taiz, L.; Zeiger, E. Plant Physiology; Sinauer Associates: New York, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Aguilera, J. M.; Stanley, D. W. Microstructural Principles of Food Processing and Engineering; Springer Science & Business Media, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Aguilera, J. M.; Chiralt, A.; Fito, P. Food Dehydration and Product Structure. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2003, 14, 432–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayor, L.; Silva, M.; Sereno, A. Microstructural Changes During Drying of Apple Slices. Drying Technol. 2005, 23, 2261–2276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozano, J. E.; Rotstein, E.; Urbicain, M. J. Total Porosity and Open-Pore Porosity in the Drying of Fruits. J. Food Sci. 1980, 45, 1403–1407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos, I. N.; Silva, C. L. M.; Sereno, A. M.; Aguilera, J. M. Quantification of Microstructural Changes During First Stage Air Drying of Grape Tissue. J. Food Eng. 2004, 62, 159–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hills, B. P.; Remigereau, B. NMR Studies of Changes in Subcellular Water Compartmentation in Parenchyma Apple Tissue During Drying and Freezing. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 1997, 32, 51–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C. Y.; Salunkhe, D. K.; Nury, F. S. Some Chemical and Histological Changes in Dehydrated Apple. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1967, 18, 89–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewicki, P. P.; Pawlak, G. Effect of Drying on Microstructure of Plant Tissue. Drying Technol. 2003, 21, 657–683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratti, C. Hot Air and Freeze-Drying of High-Value Foods: A Review. J. Food Eng. 2001, 49, 311–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolin, H.; Huxsoll, C. Scanning Electron Microscope/Image Analyzer Determination of Dimensional Postharvest Changes in Fruit Cells. J. Food Sci. 1987, 52, 1649–1650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaplain, M. A. The Strain Energy Function of an Ideal Plant Cell Wall. J. Theor. Biol. 1993, 163, 77–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hettiaratchi, D.; O’Callaghan, J. Structural Mechanics of Plant Cells. J. Theor. Biol. 1978, 74, 235–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewicki, P.; Drzewucka-Bujak, J. Effect of Drying on Tissue Structure of Selected Fruits and Vegetables. Proceedings of the 11th International Drying Symposium, Halkidiki, Greece, August 19–22, 1998; pp. 1093–1099.
   Google Scholar
• Crapiste, G. H.; Whitaker, S.; Rotstein, E. Drying of Cellular Material—I. A Mass Transfer Theory. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1988, 43, 2919–2928.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zogzas, N.; Maroulis, Z.; Marinos-Kouris, D. Densities, Shrinkage and Porosity of Some Vegetables During Air Drying. Drying Technol. 1994, 12, 1653–1666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karathanos, V.; Villalobos, G.; Saravacos, G. Comparison of Two Methods of Estimation of the Effective Moisture Diffusivity from Drying Data. J. Food Sci. 1990, 55, 218–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunasena, H. C. P.; Senadeera, W.; Gu, Y. T.; Brown, R. J. A Coupled SPH-DEM Model for Micro-Scale Structural Deformations of Plant Cells During Drying. Appl. Math. Model. 2014, 38, 3781–3801.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunasena, H. C. P.; Gu, Y. T.; Brown, R. J.; Senadeera, W. Numerical Investigation of Plant Tissue Porosity and Its Influence on Cellular Level Shrinkage During Drying. Biosyst. Eng. 2015, 132, 71–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage, C. M.; Karunasena, H. C. P.; Gu, Y. T.; Guan, L.; Senadeera, W. Novel Trends in Numerical Modelling of Plant Food Tissues and Their Morphological Changes During Drying – A Review. J. Food Eng. 2017, 194, 24–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva, W. P.; Rodrigues, A. F.; Silva, C. M. D. P. S. E.; Gomes, J. P. Numerical Approach to Describe Continuous and Intermittent Drying Including the Tempering Period: Kinetics and Spatial Distribution of Moisture. Drying Technol. 2017, 35, 272–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Z.; Pillai, K. M. Modeling Drying in Thin Porous Media After Coupling Pore-Level Drying Dynamics with External Flow Field. Drying Technol. 2017, 35, 785–801.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, L.; Zhang, H.; Wang, B.; Yu, C.; Fan, X. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Oil Shale Drying in Fluidized Bed. Drying Technol. 2017, 35, 802–814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunasena, H. C. P.; Senadeera, W.; Brown, R. J.; Gu, Y. T. A Particle Based Model to Simulate Microscale Morphological Changes of Plant Tissues During Drying. Soft Matter 2014, 10, 5249–5268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. M.; Joardder, M. U. H.; Khan, M. I. H.; Nghia, D. P.; Karim, M. A. Multi-Scale Model of Food Drying: Current Status and Challenges. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2016, 1–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sobieski, W.; Dudda, W. Sensitivity Analysis as a Tool for Estimating Numerical Modeling Results. Drying Technol. 2014, 32, 145–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghbashlo, M.; Hosseinpour, S.; Mujumdar, A. S. Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in Drying Technology: A Comprehensive Review. Drying Technol. 2015, 33, 1397–1462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunasena, H. C. P.; Senadeera, W.; Brown, R. J.; Gu, Y. T. Simulation of Plant Cell Shrinkage During Drying – A SPH-DEM Approach. Eng. Anal. Bound. Elements 2014, 44, 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Liedekerke, P.; Ghysels, P.; Tijskens, E.; Samaey, G.; Smeedts, B.; Roose, D.; Ramon, H. A Particle-Based Model to Simulate the Micromechanics of Single-Plant Parenchyma Cells and Aggregates. Phys. Biol. 2010, 7, 026006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Liedekerke, P.; Ghysels, P.; Tijskens, E.; Samaey, G.; Roose, D.; Ramon, H.Mechanisms of Soft Cellular Tissue Bruising. A Particle Based Simulation Approach. Soft Matter 2011, 7, 3580–3591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunasena, H.; Hesami, P.; Senadeera, W.; Gu, Y.; Brown, R. J.; Oloyede, A. Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Microstructure of Gala Apples During Hot Air Drying. Drying Technol. 2014, 32, 455–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudiyanselage, C. M. R.; Karunasena, H. C. P.; Gu Y. T.; Guan, L.; Banks, J.; Senadeera, W. A 3-D Meshfree Numerical Model to Analyze Cellular Scale Shrinkage of Different Categories of Fruits and Vegetables During Drying. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods, Berkeley, USA, August 1–4, 2016; pp. 1070–1080.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, T. P.; Feder, N.; McCully, M. E. Polychromatic Staining of Plant Cell Walls by Toluidine Blue O. Protoplasma 1964, 59, 368–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai, W. S. Simple Method for Differential Staining of Paraffin Embedded Plant Material Using Toluidine Blue o. Stain Technol. 1973, 48, 247–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, S. F. Applied Photographic Optics: Lenses and Optical Systems for Photography, Film, Video, Electronic and Digital Imaging; Focal Press, Oxford, UK, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Brecko, J.; Mathys, A.; Dekoninck, W.; Leponce, M.; VandenSpiegel, D.; Semal, P. Focus Stacking: Comparing Commercial Top-End Set-Ups with a Semi-Automatic Low Budget Approach. A possible solution for mass digitization of type specimens. ZooKeys 2014, 464, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, C. A.; Rasband, W. S.; Eliceiri, K. W. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis. Nat. Meth. 2012, 9, 671–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abràmoff, M. D.; Magalhães, P. J.; Ram, S. J. Image Processing with ImageJ. Biophoton. Int. 2004, 11, 36–42.
   Google Scholar
• Pante, M. C.; Muttart, M. V.; Keevil, T. L.; Blumenschine, R. J.; Njau, J. K.; Merritt, S. R. A New High-Resolution 3-D Quantitative Method for Identifying Bone Surface Modifications with Implications for the Early Stone Age Archaeological Record. J. Human Evol. 2017, 102, 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Digital Surf. Mountains® Surface Imaging & Metrology Software 2017. Retrieved from: http://www.digitalsurf.fr/en/mntkey.html (cited May 13, 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Ho, A.; Jorns, B.; Mikellides, I. G.; Goebel, D. M.; Lopez Ortega, A. Wear Test Demonstration of a Technique to Mitigate Keeper Erosion in a High-Current lab 6 Hollow Cathode. Proceedings of 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Salt Lake City, USA, July 25–27, 2016; p. 4836.
   Google Scholar
• Asgharifar, M.; Mazar Atabaki, M.; Kovacevic, R. Characterization of the Surface Topography of Arc-Treated Aluminum Alloys by Fractal Geometry. Manuf. Lett. 2014, 2, 26–29.
   Google Scholar
• Doymaz, İ.; Kocayigit, F. Drying and Rehydration Behaviors of Convection Drying of Green Peas. Drying Technol. 2011, 29, 1273–1282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C.; Wang, L.; Thomas, C. Modelling the Mechanical Properties of Single Suspension‐Cultured Tomato Cells. Ann. Bot. 2004, 93, 443–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Q.; Pitt, R. Mechanics of Parenchyma Tissue Based on Cell Orientation and Microstructure. Trans. ASAE 1991, 34, 232–238.
   Google Scholar
• Pitt, R. Models for the Rheology and Statistical Strength of Uniformly Stressed Vegetative Tissue. Trans. ASAE 1982, 25, 1776–1784.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, H.-I.; Spence, R. D.; Sharpe, P. J. H.; Goeschl, J. D. Cell wall elasticity: I. A Critique of the Bulk Elastic Modulus Approach and an Analysis Using Polymer Elastic Principles. Plant Cell Environ. 1985, 8, 563–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunasena, H. C. P.; Hesami, P.; Senadeera, W.; Gu, Y. T.; Brown, R. J.; Oloyede, A. Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Microstructure of Gala Apples During Hot Air Drying. Drying Technol. 2014, 32, 455–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. S. Toward Prediction of Porosity in Foods During Drying: A Brief Review. Drying Technol. 2001, 19, 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. S.; Dehydration and Microstructure. In Advances in Food Dehydration; Ratti, C., Ed.; CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2008; pp. 97–122.
   Google Scholar
• Karunasena, H.; Gu, Y.; Brown, R.; Senadeera, W. Numerical Investigation of Case Hardening of Plant Tissue During Drying and Its Influence on the Cellular-Level Shrinkage. Drying Technol. 2015, 33, 713–734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, N.; Brennan, J. Changes in Structure, Density and Porosity of Potato During Dehydration. J. Food Eng. 1995, 24, 61–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. S.; Al‐Zakwani, I.; Guizani, N. Pore Formation in Apple During Air‐Drying as a Function of Temperature: Porosity and Pore‐Size Distribution. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2005, 85, 979–989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratti, C. Shrinkage During Drying of Foodstuffs. J. Food Eng. 1994, 23, 91–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Y.; Rahman, M. S.; Perera, C. O.; Smith, B.; Melton, L. D. Structural Changes in Apple Rings During Convection Air-Drying with Controlled Temperature and Humidity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 3179–3185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar