Efficient drying and oxygen-containing functional groups characteristics of lignite during microwave irradiation process

References

• Xu, Y.; Zhang, Y. F.; Zhang, G. F.; Guo, Y. F. Low Temperature Pyrolysates Distribution and Kinetics of ZhaoTong Lignite. Energy Convers. Manage. 2016, 114(15), 11–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Q. Q.; Liu, Q. Y.; Shi, L.; Yan, Y. X.; Liu, Z. Y. Behaviors of Coking and Radicals During Reaction of Volatiles Generated from Fixed--Bed Pyrolysis of a Lignite and a Subbituminous Coal. Fuel Process. Technol. 2017, 161(15), 304–310. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.01.040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howaniec, N.; Smonlinski, A. Biowaste Utilization in the Process of Co-Gasification with Bituminous Coal and Lignite. Energy 2017, 18(1), 18–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.2.021
   Google Scholar
• Man, C. B.; Zhu, X.; Gao, X. Z.; Che, D. F. Combustion and Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Lignite Dried by Low Temperature Air. Drying Technol. 2015, 33(5), 616–631. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2014.967402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, N.; Shi, L.; Qi, H. T.; Xie, Y. M.; Cai, L. G. Effect of Radio Frequency (RF) Drying Technology on Dehydration Rate and Energy Consumption of Australia Lignite. Drying Technol. 2015, 34(2), 161–166. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1012677
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Si, C. D.; Wu, J. J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y. X.; Shang, X. L. Drying of Low-Rank Coals: A Review of Fluidized Bed Technologies. Drying Technol. 2015, 33(3), 277–287. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2014.952382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, J. F.; Liu, J. Z.; Wu, J. H.; Cheng, J.; Zhou, J. H.; Cen, K. F. Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics and Modeling of Ximeng Lignite Under Microwave Irradiation. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 130, 62–70.DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.09.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, X. F.; Zhang, C.; Tan, P.; Zhang, X. P.; Fang, Q. Y.; Chen, G. Experimental Study of the Physicochemical Structure and Moisture Readsorption Characteristics of ZhaoTong Lignite after Hydrothermal and Thermal Upgrading. Fuel 2016, 185, 112–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Z. L.; Yao, L. S.; Jing, C. M.; Zhao, X. Q.; Wang, W. L.; Ma, C. Y. Drying Behavior of Lignite Under Microwave Heating. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(4), 433–443. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1182547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickles, C. A.; Gao, F.; Kelebek, S. Microwave Drying of a Low-Rank Sub-Bituminous Coal. Miner. Eng. 2014, 62, 31–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2013.10.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uslu, T.; Atalay, Ü. Microwave Heating of Coal for Enhanced Magnetic Removal of Pyrite. Fuel Process. Technol. 2004, 85(1), 9–21. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3820(03)00094-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X. C.; Masuyama, T.; Hirajima, T.; Nonaka, M.; Sasaki, K. Combustion Performance of Loy Yang Lignite Treated Using Microwave Irradiation Treatment. Thermochim. Acta 2016, 642(20), 81–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2016.09.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J. Z.; Zhu, J. F.; Cheng, J.; Zhou, J. H.; Cen, K. F. Pore Structure and Fractal Analysis of Ximeng Lignite Under Microwave Irradiation. Fuel 2015, 146(15), 41–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahmasebi, A.; Yu, J. L.; Han, Y. N.; Zhao, H.; Bhattacharya, S. A Kinetic Study of Microwave and Fluidized-Bed Drying of a Chinese Lignite. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2014, 92(1), 54–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.06.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, F.; Cheng, J.; Wang, A. Y.; Liu, J. Z.; Zhou, J. H.; Cen, K. F. Upgrading Chinese Shengli Lignite by Microwave Irradiation for Slurribility Improvement. Fuel 2015, 159, 909–916. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahmasebi, A.; Yu, J. L.; Li, X. C.; Meesri, C. Experimental Study on Microwave Drying of Chinese and Indonesian Low-Rank Coals. Fuel Process. Technol. 2011, 92, 1821–1829. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.04.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J.; Zhou, J. H.; Li, Y. C.; Liu, J. Z.; Cen, K. Improvement of Coal Water Slurry Property Through Coal Physciochemical Modifications by Microwave Irradiation and Thermal Heat. Energy Fuel 2008, 22, 2422–2428. DOI: 10.1021/ef7005244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J.; Zhou, F.; Wang, X.; Liu, J. Z.; Wang, Z. H.; Zhou, J. H.; Cen, K. F. Optimization of Microwave Dewatering of an Indonesian Lignite. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 144, 71–78. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.12.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, F.; Cheng, J.; Liu, J. Z.; Wang, Z. H.; Zhou, J. H.; Cen, K. F. Improving the Permittivity of Indonesian Lignite with NaCl for the Microwave Dewatering Enhancement of Lignite with Reduced Fractal Dimensions. Fuel 2015, 162, 8–15. DOI: 10/1016/j.fuel.2015.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, B. A.; Chen, M. Q.; Huang, Y. W.; Luo, H. F. Combined Effects of Additives and Power Levels on Microwave Drying Performances of Lignite Thin Layer. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(2), 227–239. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1170029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Harahsheh, M.; Al-Muhtaseb, A. H.; Magee, TRA. Microwave Drying Kinetics of Tomato Pomace: Effect of Osmotic Dehydration. Chem. Eng. Process. 2008, 48, 524–531. DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2008.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takarada, T.; Nabatame, T.; Ohtsuka, Y.; Tomita, A. Steam Gasification of Brown Coal Using Sodium-Chloride and Potassium-Chloride Catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 505–510. DOI: 10.1021/ie00089a001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q. R.; Xia, H. The Effect of Additive on Temperature Rising Characteristics During Coal Pyrolysis in Microwave Field. Adv. Mater. Res. 2012, 512, 1790–1794.
   Google Scholar
• Parisa, M. M.; Mythili, R.; William, R. M.; Paul, B. Rapid Microwave Pyrolysis of Coal: Methodology and Examination of the Residual and Volatile Phases. Fuel 1995, 74, 20–27. DOI: 10.1016/0016-2361(94)P4325-V
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marland, S.; Merchant, A.; Rowson, N. Dielectric Properties of Coal. Fuel 2001, 80, 1839–1849. DOI: 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00050-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, C.; Kim, B. The Optimization of Low-Rank Coal Granding for Transport Coal Gasification by Robust Design. Fuel 2012, 95, 282–286. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajitani S.; Tay, H. L.; Zhang, S.; Li, C. Z. Mechanisms and Kinetic Modeling of Steam Gasification of Brown Coal in the Presence of Volatile-Char Interactions. Fuel 2013, 103, 7–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahmasebi, A.; Yu, J. L.; Han, Y. N.; Li, X. C. A Study of Chemical Structure Changes of Chinese Lignite During Fluidized-Bed Drying in Nitrogen and Air. Fuel Process. Technol. 2012, 101, 85–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, L.; Tang, J. W.; Ma, Z. L.; Wan, Y. Z. Effect of Mechanical Thermal Expression Drying Technology on Lignite Structure. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(3), 356–362. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1174938
   Google Scholar
• Kolb, M.; Bahadir, M.; Teichgraber, B. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Using an Alternative Wet Chemical Method Free of Mercury and Dichromate. Water Res. 2017, 122, 645–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Si, C. D.; Wu, J. J.; Wang, Y.; Shang, X. L.; Zhang, Y. X.; Liu, G. J. Experimental Study on Three-Stage Microwave-Assisted Fluidized Bed Drying of Shengli Lump Lignite. Drying Technol. 2016, 34(6), 685–691. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1070359
   Google Scholar
• Si, C. D.; Wu, J. J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y. X.; Liu, G. J. Effect of Acoustic Field on Minimum Fluidization Velocity and Drying Characteristics of Lignite in a Fluidized Bed. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 135, 112–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.11.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, Y. L.; Liao, J. J.; Liu, X.; Wei, F. J.; Chang, L. P. Removal Behaviors of Moisture in Raw Lignite and Moisturized Coal and their Dewatering Kinetics Analysis. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(1), 88–96. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1160246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y. T.; Wang, W. W.; Zheng, B. D.; Miao, S.; Tian, Y. T. Mathematical Modeling and Influence of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Microwave Vacuum Drying Kinetics of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Seeds. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(5), 553–563. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1193512
   Google Scholar
• Abe, T.; Afzal, T. M. Thin-Layer Infrared Radiation Drying of Rough Rice. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 1997, 67, 289–297. DOI: 10.1006/jaer.1997.0170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J.; Zhou, F.; Wang, X.; Liu, J. Z.; Wang, Z. H.; Zhou, J. H.; Cen, K. F. Physicochemicalproperties of Wastewater Produced from the Microwave Upgrading Process of Indonesian Lignite. Fuel 2015, 158, 435–442. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, Z. G.; Wang, J.; Yin, Z. F.; Hou, D. Y.; Luan, Z. K. Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Typical Inorganic Salts Crystallization in Membrane Distillation Process. J. Membr. Sci. 2014, 455, 24–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.12.064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiriukhin M. Y.; Collins, K. D. Dynamic Hydration Numbers for Biologically Important Ions. Biophys. Chem. 2002, 99, 155–168. DOI: 10.1016/S0301-4622(02)00153-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H. P.; Chen, T. P.; Li, Y.; Song, Z. Y.; Wang, S. W.; Wu, S. H. Temperature Rise Characteristics of ZhunDong Coal During Microwave Pyrolysis. Fuel Process. Technol. 2016, 148, 317–323. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.03.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Si, C. D.; Wu, J. J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y. X.; Liu, G. J. Effect of Acoustic Field on Minimum Fluidization Velocity and Drying Characteristics of Lignite in a Fluidized Bed. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 135, 112–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.11.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibarra, J.; Muñoz, E.; Moliner, R. FTIR Study of the Evolution of Coal Structure During the Coalification Process. Org. Geochem. 1996, 24, 725–735. DOI: 10/1016/0146-6380(96)00063-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X. J.; Zhang, C.; Tan, P.; Yang, T.; Fang, Q. Y.; Chen, G. Properties of Upgraded Shengli Lignite and its Behavior of Gasification. Energy Fuel 2014, 28, 263–274. DOI: 10.1021/ef401497a
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing, X. X.; Li, Z. Q.; Zhang, Y. L.; Chang, L. P. Changes of Oxygen-Containing Groups During Thermal Treatment and their Influences on Moisture Readsorption of Lignite. Drying Technol. 2016, 34(6), 729–739. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1072548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar