A practical CFD modeling approach to estimate outlet boundary conditions of industrial multistage spray dryers: Inert particle flow field investigation

References

• Bhandari, B.; Bansal, N.; Zhang, M.; Schuck, P. Handbook of Food Powders Processes and Properties; Woodhead Publishing Limited: Cambridge, Philadelphia & New Delhi, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Gauvin, W. H.; Katta, S.; Knelman, F. H. Drop Trajectory Predictions and Their Importance in the Design of Spray Dryers. Int. J. Multiph. Flow. 1975, 1, 793–816.
   Google Scholar
• Gosman, A. D.; Loannides, E. Aspects of Computer-Simulation of Liquid-Fueled Combustors. Energy. J. 1983, 7, 482–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuen, J. S.; Solomon, A. S. P.; Zhang, Q. F.; Faeth, G. M. Structure of Particle-Laden Jets-Measurements and Predictions. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. AIAA J. 1985, 23, 396–404.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, K.; Che, X. D.; Jeantet, R.; Schuck, P. One-Dimensional Simulation of Co-Current, Dairy Spray Drying Systems-Pros and Cons. Dairy Sci. Technol. 2010, 90, 181–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, M.; Mahmud, T.; Heggs, P. J.; Ghadiri, M.; Djurdjevic, D.; Ahmadian, H.; Juan, L. M.; Amador, C.; Bayly, A. A One-Dimensional Plug-Flow Model of a Counter-Current Spray Drying Tower. Chem. Eng. Res. Design. 2014, 92, 826–841.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edrisi Sormoli, M.; Langrish, T. A. G. The Use of a Plug-Flow Model for Scaling-up of Spray Drying Bioactive Orange Peel Extracts. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2016, 37, 27–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, M. W. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Spray Dryers – An Engineer’s Guide; CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Blei, S.; Sommerfeld, M. CFD in Drying Technology-Spray Dryer Simulation. In Modern Drying Technology: Computational Tools at Different Scales, Vol. 1; Tsotsas, E., Mujumdar, AS., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons Inc.: Weinheim, 2007; pp 155–208.
   Google Scholar
• Langrish, T. A. G.; Fletcher, D. F. Spray Drying of Food Ingredients and Applications of CFD in Spray Drying. Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intens. 2001, 40, 345–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieviet, F. G.; Van Raaij, J.; De Moor, P. P. E. A.; Kerkhof, P. J. A. M. Measurement and Modelling of the Air Flow Pattern in a Pilot-Plant Spray Dryer. IChemE. 1997, 75, 321–328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters, K. Scale-up of Spray Dryers. Drying Technol. 1994, 12, 235–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem, A.; Ahmadlouiedarab, M.; Ghasemzadeh, K. CFD Approach for the Moisture Prediction in Spray Chamber for Drying of Salt Solution. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 17, 527–532.
   Google Scholar
• Birchal, V. S.; Huang, L.; Mujumdar, A. S.; Passos, M. L. Spray Dryers: Modeling and Simulation. Drying Technol. 2006, 24, 359–371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieviet, F. G.; Kerkhof, P. J. A. M. Air Flow, Temperature and Humidity Patterns on a Co-Current Spray Dryer: Modeling and Measurements. Drying Technol. 1997, 15, 1763–1773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wawrzyniak, P.; Podyma, M.; Zbicinski, I.; Bartczak, Z.; Polanczyk, A.; Rabaeva, J. Model of Heat and Mass Transfer in an Industrial Counter- Current Spray-Drying Tower. Drying Technol. 2012, 30, 1274–1282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvie, D. J. E.; Langrish, T. A. G.; Fletcher, D. F. Numerical Simulations of Gas Flow Patterns within a Tall-Form Spray Dryer. Trans. Institution Chem. Eng. 2001, 79, 235–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wawrzyniak, P.; Podyma, M.; Zbicinski, I.; Bartczak, Z.; Rabaeva, J. Modeling of Air Flow in an Industrial Countercurrent Spray-Drying Tower. Drying Technol. 2012, 30, 217–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mezhericher, M.; Levy, A.; Borde, I. Three Dimensional Spray Drying Modelling Based on Advanced Droplet Drying Kinetics. Drying Technol. 2012, 30, 1256–1273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabites, J. R.; Abrahamson, J.; Winchester, J. A. Air Flow Patterns in an Industrial Milk Powder Spray Dryer. Chem. Eng. Res. Design. 2010, 88, 899–910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, Y.; Chen, X. D. Entropy Production during the Drying Process of Milk Droplets in an Industrial Spray Dryer. Int. J. Thermal Sci. 2011, 50, 615–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jubaer, H., Afshar, S., Xiao, J., Chen, X. D., Selomulya, C., Woo, M. W. On the Importance of Droplet Shrinkage in CFD-modeling of Spray Drying. Drying Tech. 2017, 1–17. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2017.1349791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaskulski, M.; Atuonwu, J. C.; Tran, T. T. H.; Stapley, A. G. F.; Tsotsas, E. Predictive CFD Modeling of Whey Protein Denaturation in Skim Milk Spray Drying Powder Production. Adv. Powder Technol. 2017, 28, 3140–3147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, M. W.; Daud, W. R. W.; Mujumdar, A. S.; Wu, Z.; Talib, M. Z. M.; Tasirin, S. M. CFD Evaluation of Droplet Drying Models in a Spray Dryer Fitted with a Rotary Atomizer. Drying Technol. 2008, 26, 1180–1198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, M. W.; Daud, W. R. W.; Mujumdar, A. S.; Wu, Z.; Talib, M. Z. M.; Tasirin, S. M. Non-Swirling Steady and Transient Flow Simulations in Short-Form Spray Dryers. CPPM. 2009, 4, Article 20.
   Google Scholar
• Melling, A.; Noppenberger, S.; Still, M.; Venzke, H. Introduction Correlations for Fluid Properties of Humid Air in the Temperature Range 100 °C to 200 °C. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 1997, 26, 1111–1123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baskharone, E. A. Thermal Science, Essentials of Thermodynamics Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer; McGraw Hill: New York, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Fu, N.; Woo, M. W.; Selomulya, C.; Chen, X. D. Shrinkage Behaviour of Skim Milk Droplets during Air Drying. J. Food Eng. 2013, 116, 37–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. S. Handbook of Food Properties; CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Gue, B.; Langrish, T. A. G.; Fletcher, D. F. Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Turbulent Flow in Axisymmetric Sudden Expansions. J. Fluids Eng. 2001, 123, 574–587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, D. F.; Langrish, T. A. G. Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) Modelling of a Pilot-Scale Spray Dryer. Chem. Eng. Res. Design. 2009, 87, 1371–1378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar