Porous frozen material approach to freeze-drying of instant coffee

References

• Ishwarya, S. P.; Anandharamakrishnan, C. Spray-Freeze-Drying Approach for Soluble Coffee Processing and Its Effect on Quality Characteristics. J. Food Eng. 2015, 149, 171–180. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.10.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussatto, S. I.; Machado, E. M. S.; Martins, S.; Teixeira, J. A. Production, Composition, and Application of Coffee and Its Industrial Residues. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2011, 4, 661–672. DOI:10.1007/s11947-011-0565-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burmester, K.; Fehr, H.; Eggers, R. A Comprehensive Study on Thermophysical Material Properties for an Innovative Coffee Drying Process. Dry. Technol. 2011, 29, 1562–1570. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2011.582595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filkova, I.; Huang, L. X.; Mujumdar, A. S. Industrial Spray Drying Systems. In Handbook of Industrial Drying, 4th ed.; Mujumdar, A. S., Ed.; CRC Press: New York, 2015; pp 191–225.
   Google Scholar
• Langford, A.; Bhatnagar, B.; Walters, R.; Tchessalov, S.; Ohtake, S. Drying Technologies for Biopharmaceutical Applications: Recent Developments and Future Direction. Dry. Technol. 2018, 36, 677–684. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1355318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Chen, G.; Mujumdar, A. S. Physical Interpretation of Solids Drying: An Overview on Mathematical Modeling Research. Dry. Technol. 2007, 25, 659–668. DOI:10.1080/07373930701285936.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, S.; Luo, J.; Chen, G.; Wang, Q. Thermodynamic Analysis of a Freeze-Dryer Utilizing Hygroscopic Solution. Dry. Technol. 2018, 36, 697–708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrieu, J.; Vessot, S. A Review on Experimental Determination and Optimization of Physical Quality Factors During Pharmaceuticals Freeze-Drying Cycles. Dry. Technol. 2018, 36, 129–145. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1340895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, H.-W.; Mujumdar, A. S. Role of Expert Reviews in Guiding Future Drying R&D. Dry. Technol 2017, 35, 525–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, H.; Zhang, M.; Chen, Y.; Yu, T.; Yan, X.; Wang, Y. Freeze-Drying of Liposomal Nanohybrid Cerasomes with Cryoprotectants: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. Dry. Technol 2018, 36, 1041–1048. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1369097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLeod, C. S.; McKittrick, J. A.; Hindmarsh, J. P.; Johns, M. L.; Wilson, D. I. Fundamentals of Spray Freezing of Instant Coffee. J. Food Eng. 2006, 74, 451–461. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fissore, D.; Pisano, R.; Barresi, A. A. Applying Quality-by-Design to Develop a Coffee Freeze-Drying Process. J. Food Eng. 2014, 123, 179–187. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.09.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Hu, D.; Pan, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, G. Freeze-Drying of Aqueous Solution Frozen with Prebuilt Pores. AIChE J. 2015, 61, 2048–2057. DOI:10.1002/aic.14769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Hu, D.; Pan, Y.; Niu, L.; Chen, G. Multiphase Transport Modeling for Freeze-Drying of Aqueous Material Frozen with Prebuilt Porosity. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 2018, 122, 1353–1365. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.02.054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pikal, M. J. Freeze Drying. In Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3rd ed.; Swarbrick J., Ed.; Informa Healthcare: New York, 2007; pp. 1807–1833.
   Google Scholar
• Liapis, A. I.; Bruttini, R. Freeze Drying. In Handbook of Industrial Drying, 4th ed.; Mujumdar, A. S., Ed.; CRC Press: New York, 2015; pp 259–282.
   Google Scholar
• Pisano, R.; Fissore, D.; Velardi, S. A.; Barresi, A. A. In-Line Optimization and Control of an Industrial Freeze-Drying Process for Pharmaceuticals. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99, 4691–4709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisano, R.; Fissore, D.; Barresi, A. A. In-Line and off-Line Optimization of Freeze-Drying Cycles for Pharmaceutical Products. Dry. Technol 2013, 31, 905–919. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2012.718307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensouda, K.; Akyel, C.; Bilgen, E. Freeze Dehydration of Milk Using Microwave-Energy. J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy 1989, 24, 195–202. DOI:10.1080/08327823.1989.11688094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. H.; Shi, M. H. Microwave Freeze Drying Characteristics of Beef. Dry. Technol. 1999, 17, 433–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Chen, G. H. Numerical Investigation on Dielectric Material Assisted Microwave Freeze-Drying of Aqueous Mannitol Solution. Dry. Technol. 2003, 21, 995–1017. DOI:10.1081/DRT-120021870.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Chen, G. H. Heat and Mass Transfer Model of Dielectric-Material-Assisted Microwave Freeze-Drying of Skim Milk with Hygroscopic Effect. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60, 6542–6550. DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2005.05.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Chen, G. Freeze Drying with Dielectric-Material-Assisted Microwave Heating. AIChE J. 2007, 53, 3077–3088. DOI:10.1002/aic.11336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar, N. A.; Alvarez, C.; Orrego, C. E. Optimization of Freezing Parameters for Freeze-Drying Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Slices. Dry. Technol. 2018, 36, 192–204. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1315431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capozzi, L. C.; Pisano, R. Looking inside the 'Black Box': Freezing Engineering to Ensure the Quality of Freeze-Dried Biopharmaceuticals. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm 2018, 129, 58–65. DOI:10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millman, M. J.; Liapis, A. I.; Marchello, J. M. An Analysis of the Lyophilization Process Using a Sorption-Sublimation Model and Various Operational Policies. AIChE J. 1985, 31, 1594–1604. DOI:10.1002/aic.690311003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petropoulos, J. H.; Petrou, J. K.; Liapis, A. I. Network Model Investigation of Gas-Transport in Bidisperse Porous Adsorbents. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 1281–1289. DOI:10.1021/ie00054a031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goshima, H.; Do, G.; Nakagawa, K. Impact of Ice Morphology on Design Space of Pharmaceutical Freeze-Drying. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016, 105, 1920–1933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saclier, M.; Peczalski, R.; Andrieu, J. Effect of Ultrasonically Induced Nucleation on Ice Crystals' Size and Shape During Freezing in Vials. Chem. Eng. Sci 2010, 65, 3064–3071. DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2010.01.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitar, A.; Skrlec, K.; Voglar, J.; Avanzo, M.; Kocevar, K.; Cegnar, M.; Irman, S.; Ravnik, J.; Hribersek, M.; Golobic, I. Effects of Controlled Nucleation on Freeze-Drying Lactose and Mannitol Aqueous Solutions. Dry. Technol 2018, 36, 1263–1272. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1399903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searles, J. A.; Carpenter, J. F.; Randolph, T. W. Annealing to Optimize the Primary Drying Rate, Reduce Freezing-Induced Drying Rate Heterogeneity, and Determine TG' in Pharmaceutical Lyophilization. J. Pharm. Sci 2001, 90, 872–887. DOI:10.1002/jps.1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bexiga, N. M.; Bloise, A. C.; Alencar, A. M.; Stephano, M. A. Freeze-Drying of Ovalbumin-Loaded Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanocapsules: Impact of Freezing and Annealing Procedures on Physicochemical Properties of the Formulation during Dried Storage. Dry. Technol. 2018, 36, 400–417. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1335752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisano, R.; Barresi, A. A.; Capozzi, L. C.; Novajra, G.; Oddone, I.; Vitale-Brovarone, C. Characterization of the Mass Transfer of Lyophilized Products Based on X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography Images. Dry. Technol. 2017, 35, 933–938. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2016.1222540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, K.; Tamiya, S.; Do, G.; Kono, S.; Ochiai, T. Observation of Glassy State Relaxation during Annealing of Frozen Sugar Solutions by X-Ray Computed Tomography. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2018, 127, 279–287. DOI:10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oddone, I.; Pisano, R.; Bullich, R.; Stewart, P. Vacuum-Induced Nucleation as a Method for Freeze-Drying Cycle Optimization. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 18236–18244. DOI:10.1021/ie502420f.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oddone, I.; Barresi, A. A.; Pisano, R. Influence of Controlled Ice Nucleation on the Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical Products: The Secondary Drying Step. Int. J. Pharm. 2017, 524, 134–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donhowe, D. P.; Hartel, R. W.; Bradley, R. L. Determination of Ice Crystal Size Distributions in Frozen Desserts. J. Dairy Sci 1991, 74, 3334–3344. DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78521-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartel, R. W. Phase Transitions in Ice Cream. In Phase/State Transitions in Foods; Rao M. A.; Hartel R.W., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1998; pp 327–331.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Yang, J.; Hu, D.; Pan, Y.; Wang, S.; Chen, G. Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Freeze-Drying of Porous Media with Prebuilt Porosity. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2018, 700, 80–87. DOI:10.1016/j.cplett.2018.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boer, R. Theory of Porous Media: Highlights in the Historical Development and Current State; Springer: Berlin, 2000; pp. 331–350.
   Google Scholar
• Rambhatla, S.; Ramot, R.; Bhugra, C.; Pikal, M. J. Heat and Mass Transfer Scale-up Issues during Freeze Drying: II. Control and Characterization of the Degree of Supercooling. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech. 2004, 5, 54–62. DOI:10.1208/pt050458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nail, S. L.; Jiang, S.; Chongprasert, S.; Knopp, S. A. Fundamentals of freeze-drying. In Development and Manufacture of Protein Pharmaceuticals; Nail, S. L.; Akers, M. J., Eds.; Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York, 2002; pp. 281–361.
   Google Scholar