References
- Wang, J.; Fu, H.; Liu, F.; Cai, Y.; Zhou, J. Influence of Electro-Osmosis Activation Time on Vacuum Electro-Osmosis Consolidation of a Dredged Slurry. Can. Geotech. J. 2018, 55, 147–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0687.
- Casagrande, L. Electro-Osmotic Stabilization of Soils. Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers 1952, 39, 51–83.
- Kjillman, K. Consolidation of clay by Means of Atmosphere Pressure. In Proceedings of a Conference on Soil Stabilization. MIT: Boston, 1952; pp 258–263
- Jeyakanthan, V.; Gnanendran, C. T.; Lo, S. C. R. Laboratory Assessment of Electro-Osmotic Stabilization of Soft Clay. Can. Geotech. J. 2011, 48, 1788–1802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t11-073.
- Wu, H.; Hu, L.; Wen, Q. Electro-Osmotic Enhancement of Bentonite with Reactive and Inert Electrodes. Appl. Clay Sci. 2015, 111, 76–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.04.006.
- Glendinning, S.; Lamont-Black, J.; Jones, C. J. Treatment of Sewage Sludge Using Electrokinetic Geosynthetics. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 139, 491–499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.046.
- Tuan, P.-A.; Mika, S.; Pirjo, I. Sewage Sludge Electro-Dewatering Treatment—a Review. Drying Technol. 2012, 30, 691–706. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2012.654874.
- Xue, Z.; Tang, X.; Yang, Q.; Wan, Y.; Yang, G. Comparison of Electro-Osmosis Experiments on Marine Sludge with Different Electrode Materials. Drying Technol. 2015, 33, 986–995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1011274.
- Tao, Y.; Zhou, J.; Gong, X.; Hu, P. Electro-Osmotic Dehydration of Hangzhou Sludge with Selected Electrode Arrangements. Drying Technol. 2016, 34, 66–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1006369.
- Esrig, M. I. Pore Pressures, Consolidation, and Electrokinetics. Journal of the Soil Mechanics & Foundations Division 1968, 94, 899–922.
- Hu, L.; Wu, W.; Wu, H. Numerical Model of Electro-Osmotic Consolidation in Clay. Geotechnique 2012, 62, 537–541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.11.T.008.
- Wu, H.; Hu, L. Analytical Solution for Axisymmetric Electro-Osmotic Consolidation. Géotechnique 2013, 63, 1074–1079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.P.133.
- Zhou, Y.; Deng, A.; Wang, C. Finite-Difference Model for One-Dimensional Electro-Osmotic Consolidation. Comput. Geotech. 2013, 54, 152–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.06.003.
- Ou, C.-Y.; Chien, S.-C.; Syue, Y.-T.; Chen, C.-T. A Novel Electroosmotic Chemical Treatment for Improving the Clay Strength throughout the Entire Region. Appl. Clay Sci. 2018, 153, 161–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.031.
- Chien, S.-C.; Ou, C.-Y.; Wang, M.-K. Injection of Saline Solutions to Improve the Electro-Osmotic Pressure and Consolidation of Foundation Soil. Appl. Clay Sci. 2009, 44, 218–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.02.006.
- Ou, C.-Y.; Chien, S.-C.; Wang, Y.-G. On the Enhancement of Electroosmotic Soil Improvement by the Injection of Saline Solutions. Appl. Clay Sci. 2009, 44, 130–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.12.014.
- Xue, Z.; Tang, X.; Yang, Q.; Tian, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, W. Mechanism of Electro-Osmotic Chemical for Clay Improvement: Process Analysis and Clay Property Evolution. Appl. Clay Sci. 2018, 166, 18–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.09.001.
- Chu, J.; Bo, M. W.; Choa, V. Practical Considerations for Using Vertical Drains in Soil Improvement Projects. Geotext. Geomembr. 2004, 22, 101–117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00054-2.
- Sun, L.; Gao, X.; Zhuang, D.; Guo, W.; Hou, J.; Liu, X. Pilot Tests on Vacuum Preloading Method Combined with Short and Long PVDs. Geotext. Geomembr. 2018, 46, 243–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.11.010.
- Saowapakpiboon, J.; Bergado, D. T.; Voottipruex, P.; Lam, L. G.; Nakakuma, K. PVD Improvement Combined with Surcharge and Vacuum Preloading Including Simulations. Geotext. Geomembr. 2011, 29, 74–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.06.008.
- Indraratna, B.; Geng, X.; Rujikiatkamjorn, C. Review of Mehods of Analysis for the Use of Vacuum Preloading and Vertical Drains for Soft Clay Improvement. Geomech. Geoeng. 2010, 5, 223–236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2010.521587.
- Wang, J.; Ma, J.; Liu, F.; Mi, W.; Cai, Y.; Fu, H.; Wang, P. Experimental Study on the Improvement of Marine Clay Slurry by Electroosmosis-Vacuum Preloading. Geotext. Geomembr. 2016, 44, 615–622. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.03.004.
- Mitchell, J. K.; Soga, K. Fundamentals of Soil Behavior. 3rd ed.; New York: John Wiley & Sons: 2005.
- Sun, Z.; Gao, M.; Yu, X. Dewatering Effect of Vacuum Preloading Incorporated with Electro-Osmosis in Different Ways. Drying Technol. 2017, 35, 38–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2016.1157602.
- Jones, C.; Lamont-Black, J.; Huntley, D.; Alder, D.; Glendinning, S. Electrokinetic Geosynthetics: From Research to Hype to Practice. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 2017, 170, 127–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.16.00039.
- Chew, S. H.; Karunaratne, G. P.; Kuma, V. M.; Lim, L. H.; Toh, M. L.; Hee, A. M. A Field Trial for Soft Clay Consolidation Using Electric Vertical Drains. Geotext. Geomembr. 2004, 22, 17–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00049-9.
- Ou, C.-Y.; Chien, S.-C.; Chang, H.-H. Soil Improvement Using Electroosmosis with the Injection of Chemical Solutions: field Tests. Can. Geotech. J. 2009, 46, 727–733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-012.
- Sun, Z.; Gao, M.; Yu, X. Vacuum Preloading Combined with Electro-Osmotic Dewatering of Dredger Fill Using Electric Vertical Drains. Drying Technol. 2015, 33, 847–853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.992529.
- Beddiar, K.; Fen-Chong, T.; Dupas, A.; Berthaud, Y.; Dangla, P. Role of pH in Electro-Osmosis: experimental Study on NaCl–Water Saturated Kaolinite. Transp. Porous Med. 2005, 61, 93–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-004-6798-9.
- Hu, L.; Zhang, L.; Wu, H. Experimental Study of the Effects of Soil pH and Ionic Species on the Electro-Osmotic Consolidation of Kaolin. J. Hazard. Mater. 2019, 368, 885–893. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.015.
- Zhang, L.; Hu, L. Laboratory Tests of Electro-Osmotic Consolidation Combined with Vacuum Preloading on Kaolinite Using Electrokinetic Geosynthetics. Geotext. Geomembr. 2019, 47, 166–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.12.010.
- Ou, C.-Y.; Chien, S.-C.; Yang, C.-C.; Chen, C.-T. Mechanism of Soil Cementation by Electroosmotic Chemical Treatment. Appl. Clay Sci. 2015, 104, 135–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.020.
- Wu, H.; Hu, L.; Zhang, L.; Wen, Q. Transport and Exchange Behavior of Ions in Bentonite during Electro-Osmotic Consolidation. Clays Clay Miner. 2015, 63, 395–403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2015.0630505.
- Ou, C.-Y.; Chien, S.-C.; Liu, R.-H. A Study of the Effects of Electrode Spacing on the Cementation Region for Electro-Osmotic Chemical Treatment. Appl. Clay Sci. 2015, 104, 168–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.027.
- Zhang, L.; Jing, L-p.; Wang, N-w.; Fang, C.; Li, Y-q.; Shan, Z-d. Electro-Osmosis Chemical Treatment of High-Salinity Soft Marine Soils: Laboratory Tests. Tociej. 2017, 11, 109–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010109.
- Tang, X.; Xue, Z.; Yang, Q.; Li, T.; VanSeveren, M. Water Content and Shear Strength Evaluation of Marine Soil after Electro-Osmosis Experiments. Drying Technol. 2017, 35, 1696–1710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2016.1270299.
- Xue, Z.; Tang, X.; Yang, Q. Influence of Voltage and Temperature on Electro-Osmosis Experiments Applied on Marine Clay. Appl. Clay Sci. 2017, 141, 13–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.033.
- Peng, J.; Ye, H.; Alshawabkeh, A. N. Soil Improvement by Electroosmotic Grouting of Saline Solutions with Vacuum Drainage at the Cathode. Appl. Clay Sci. 2015, 114, 53–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.05.012.