References
- American Institute of Physics. (2017). Trump orders education department to prioritize STEM and computer science activities. Retrieved from https://www.aip.org/fyi/2017/trump-orders-education-department-prioritize-stem-computer-science-activities
- Arizona House Bill 2265. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/51leg/2r/laws/0137.pdf
- Arizona House Bill 2303. (2019). Retrieved from https://legiscan.com/AZ/bill/HB2303/2019
- Baker, D. (2013). What works: Using curriculum and pedagogy to increase girls’ interest and participation in science. Theory into Practice, 52(1), 14–20. doi:10.1080/07351690.2013.743760
- Boone, H. N., & Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing Likert data. Journal of Extension, 50(2), 1–5.
- Camp, T., Adrion, W. R., Bizot, B., Davidson, S., Hall, M., Hambrusch, S., … Zweben, S. (2017). Generation CS: The growth of computer science. ACM Inroads, 8(2), 44–50. doi:10.1145/3084362
- Code.org. (2016). Issue brief: Computer science flex credit. Retrieved from bit.ly/csflexcredit
- Code.org. (2018a). 2018 state of computer science education. Retrieved from https://advocacy.code.org
- Code.org. (2018b). Cord.org 2018 annual report. Retrieved from https://code.org/files/annual-report-2018.pdf
- College Board. (2019. July 31). Participation in AP computer science principles more than doubles 3 years after launch. Retrieved from https://www.collegeboard.org/releases/2019/participation-csp-nearly-doubles.
- Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century. (2007). Rising above the gathering storm: Energizing and employing America for a brighter economic future. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
- Ericson, B., Adrion, W. R., Fall, R., & Guzdial, M. (2016). State-based progress towards computer science for all. ACM Inroads, 7(4), 57–60. doi:10.1145/2994607
- Ertmer, P. A. (1999). Addressing first-and second-order barriers to change: Strategies for technology integration. Educational Technology Research & Development, 47(4), 47–61. doi:10.1007/BF02299597
- Ertmer, P. A. (2005). Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? Educational Technology Research & Development, 53(4), 25–39. doi:10.1007/BF02504683
- Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers & Education, 59(2), 423–435. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.02.001
- Estrada, M., Burnett, M., Campbell, A. G., Campbell, P. B., Denetclaw, W. F., Gutiérrez, C. G., … Zavala, M. (2016). Improving underrepresented minority student persistence in STEM. CBE: Life Sciences Education, 15(3), es5–es10. doi:10.1187/cbe.16-01-0038
- Google Inc. & Gallup Inc. (2016). Trends in the State of Computer Science in U.S. K-12 Schools. Retrieved from http://goo.gl/j291E0
- Granor, N., DeLyser, L. A., & Wang, K. (2016, February). TEALS: Teacher professional development using industry volunteer. Proceedings of the 47th ACM technical symposium on computing science education (pp. 60–65). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2839509.2844589
- Guzdial, M., & Morrison, B. (2016). Growing computer science education into a STEM education discipline. Communications of the ACM, 59(11), 31–33. doi:10.1145/3000612
- Heitin, L. (2014). Computer science: Not just an elective anymore. Education Week, 3(22), 1–12.
- Hersh, R. H. (1983). How to avoid becoming a nation of technopeasants. The Phi Delta Kappan, 64(9), 635–638.
- Hill, C., Corbett, C., & St Rose, A. (2010). Why so few? Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women.
- Johnson, S. (2019, February 5). Computer science now more than an elective for University of California admissions. Retrieved from https://www.edsurge.com/news/2019-02-05-computer-science-now-more-than-an-elective-for-university-of-california-admissions
- Judson, E. (2017). Science and math Advanced Placement (AP) exams: Growth and achievement over time. The Journal of Educational Research, 110(2), 209–217. doi:10.1080/00220671.2015.1075188
- Judson, E., & Glassmeyer, K. (2019). Are teachers and schools ready to accept computer science as a graduation requirement? Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 51(4), 311–325. doi:10.1080/15391523.2019.1624661
- Kolakowski, N. (2019, July 9). Code with Google wants to fix computer-science education. Dice Insights. Retrieved from https://insights.dice.com/2019/07/09.
- Lee, V. E., & Smith, J. B. (1997). High school size: Which works best and for whom? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 19(3), 205–227. doi:10.3102/01623737019003205
- Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D., & Mascall, B. (2002). A framework for research on large-scale reform. Journal of Educational Change, 3(1), 7–33. doi:10.1023/A:1016527421742
- Master, A., Cheryan, S., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2016). Computing whether she belongs: Stereotypes undermine girls’ interest and sense of belonging in computer science. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(3), 424–437. doi:10.1037/edu0000061
- Montoya, A. (2017). Computer science for all: Opportunities through a diverse teaching workforce. Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy, 29, 47–62.
- Nager, A., & Atkinson, R. D. (2016). The case for improving U.S. computer science education. Washington, DC: Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. 10.2139/ssrn.3066335.
- National Commission on Excellence in Education (NCEE). (1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- National Science Foundation. (2015). Science and engineering degrees: 1966–2012. Retrieved from https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/publication-series.cfm?seriesId=10
- Schechter, C., & Shaked, H. (2017). Leaving fingerprints: Principals’ considerations while implementing education reforms. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(3), 242–260. doi:10.1108/JEA-01-2016-0014
- Scott, A., Koshy, S., Rao, M., Hinton, L., Flapan, J., Martin, A., & McAlear, F. (2019). Computer science in California’s schools. Retrieved from https://www.kaporcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Computer-Science-in-California-Schools.pdf
- Spice, B. (2019, January 10). Carnegie Mellon launches high school computer science curriculum. Retrieved from https://www.csd.cs.cmu.edu/news/carnegie-mellon-launches-high-school-computer-science-curriculum
- Stenberg, W. (1972, May). Computing in the high school—Past, present and future: And its unreasonable effectiveness in the teaching of mathematic. Proceedings of the 1972 Joint Computer Conference (pp. 1051–1058). Atlantic City, NJ. doi:10.1145/1478873.1479012
- Varma, R. (2010). Why so few women enroll in computing? Gender and ethnic differences in students’ perception. Computer Science Education, 20(4), 301–316. doi:10.1080/08993408.2010.527697
- Voelker, B. (1984). Education and the ultimate machine. British Journal of Educational Technology, 15(2), 76–82. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.1984.tb00472.x