References
- Aanouz, I., Belhassan, A., El-Khatabi, K., Lakhlifi, T., El-Ldrissi, M., & Bouachrine, M. (2020). Moroccan medicinal plants as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: Computational investigations. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1758790
- Abou-Douh, A. M. (2002). New withanolides and other constituents from the fruit of Withania somnifera. Archiv Der Pharmazie, 335(6), 267–276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4184(200208)335:6<267::AID-ARDP267>3.0.CO;2-E
- Abraham, A., Kirson, I., Lavie, D., & Glotte, E. (1975). The withanolides of Withania somnifera chemotypes I and II. Phytochemistry, 14(1), 189–194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85035-7
- Ahlawat, S., Saxena, P., Ali, A., Khan, S., & Abdin, M. Z. (2017). Comparative study of withanolide production and the related transcriptional responses of biosynthetic genes in fungi elicited cell suspension culture of Withania somnifera in shake flask and bioreactor. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry: PPB, 114, 19–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.013
- Ahmad, M., & Dar, N. J. (2017). 8 – Withania somnifera: Ethnobotany, pharmacology, and therapeutic functions. In: Bagchi, D. B. T.-S. E. for E. H. F. and A. (Ed.), Academic Press, pp. 137–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805413-0.00008-9
- Anand, K., Ziebuhr, J., Wadhwani, P., Mesters, J. R., & Hilgenfeld, R. (2003). Coronavirus main proteinase (3CLPro) structure: Basis for design of anti-SARS drugs. Science, 300(5626), 1763–1767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085658
- Ben Bakrim, W., El Bouzidi, L., Nuzillard, J.-M., Cretton, S., Saraux, N., Monteillier, A., Christen, P., Cuendet, M., & Bekkouche, K. (2018). Bioactive metabolites from the leaves of Withania adpressa. Pharmaceutical Biology, 56(1), 505–510. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2018.1499781
- Bessalle, R., & Lavie, D. (1992). Withanolide C, A chlorinated withanolide from Withania somnifera. Phytochemistry, 31(10), 3648–3651. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83749-O
- Bhardwaj, V. K., Singh, R., Sharma, J., Rajendran, V., Purohit, R., & Kumar, S. (2020). Identification of bioactive molecules from Tea plant as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1766572
- Bowers, K. J., Chow, D. E., Xu, H., Dror, R. O., Eastwood, M. P., Gregersen, B. A., Klepeis, J. L., Kolossvary, I., Moraes, M. A., Sacerdoti, F. D., Salmon, J. K., Shan, Y., & Shaw, D. E. (2006). Scalable algorithms for molecular dynamics simulations on commodity [Paper presentation]. SC ’06: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, p. 43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2006.54
- Cai, Z., Zhang, G., Tang, B., Liu, Y., Fu, X., & Zhang, X. (2015). Promising anti-influenza properties of active constituent of Withania somnifera ayurvedic herb in targeting neuraminidase of H1N1 influenza: Computational study. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 72(3), 727–739. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-015-0524-9
- Cardenas, J., Esquivel, B., Gupta, M., Rray, A. B., & Rodriquez-Hahn, L. (2012). Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. Springer.
- Chaurasiya, N., Das, Uniyal, G. C., Lal, P., Misra, L., Sangwan, N. S., Tuli, R., & Sangwan, R. S. (2008). Analysis of withanolides in root and leaf of Withania somnifera by HPLC with photodiode array and evaporative light scattering detection. Phytochemical Analysis : Pca, 19(2), 148–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.1029
- Dar, N. J., Bhat, J. A., Satti, N. K., Sharma, P. R., Hamid, A., & Ahmad, M. (2017). Withanone, an active constituent from Withania somnifera, affords protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in neuron-like cells. Molecular Neurobiology, 54(7), 5061–5073. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0044-7
- Das, S., Sarmah, S., Lyndem, S., & Singha Roy, A. (2020). An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1763201
- Dragar, C., & Bick, I. R. C. (1988). Somniferine, a novel dimeric opium alkaloid. Tetrahedron Letters, 29(25), 3115–3116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(88)85100-1
- Fehr, A. R., & Perlman, S. (2015). Coronaviruses: An overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1282, 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1
- Ganguly, B., Umapathi, V., & Rastogi, S. K. (2018). Nitric oxide induced by Indian ginseng root extract inhibits Infectious Bursal Disease virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts in vitro. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 60, 2. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-017-0156-2
- Glotter, E., Kirson, I., Abraham, A., & Lavie, D. (1973). Constituents of Withania somnifera Dun—XIII: The withanolides of chemotype III. Tetrahedron, 29(10), 1353–1364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)83156-2
- Glotter, E., Waitman, R., & Lavie, D. (1966). Constituents of Withania somnifera Dun. Part VIII. A new steroidal lactone, 27-deoxy-14-hydroxy-withaferin A. Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic, 19, 1765–1767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1039/j39660001765
- Green, M. S. (2020). Did the hesitancy in declaring COVID-19 a pandemic reflect a need to redefine the term? The Lancet, 395(10229), 1034–1035. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30630-9
- Gyebi, G. A., Ogunro, O. B., Adegunloye, A. P., Ogunyemi, O. M., & Afolabi, S. O. (2020). Potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro): An in silico screening of alkaloids and terpenoids from African medicinal plants. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1764868
- Henrich, C. J., Brooks, A. D., Erickson, K. L., Thomas, C. L., Bokesch, H. R., Tewary, P., Thompson, C. R., Pompei, R. J., Gustafson, K. R., McMahon, J. B., & Sayers, T. J. (2015). Withanolide E sensitizes renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing cFLIP degradation. Cell Death & Disease, 6, e1666. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2015.38
- Hirayama, M., Gamoh, K., & Ikekawa, N. (1982). Stereoselective synthesis of withafein A and 27-deoxywithaferin A1. Tetrahedron Letters., 23(45), 4725–4728. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)85697-X
- Hou, T., Wang, J., Li, Y., & Wang, W. (2011). Assessing the performance of the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods. 1. The accuracy of binding free energy calculations based on molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 51(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/ci100275a
- Islam, R., Parves, M. R., Paul, A. S., Uddin, N., Rahman, M. S., Mamun, A. A., Hossain, M. N., Ali, M. A., & Halim, M. A. (2020). A molecular modeling approach to identify effective antiviral phytochemicals against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1761883
- Jain, J., Narayanan, V., Chaturvedi, S., Pai, S., & Sunil, S. (2018). In vivo evaluation of Withania somnifera-based Indian traditional formulation (Amukkara Choornam), against Chikungunya virus-induced morbidity and arthralgia. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 23, 2156587218757661. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587218757661
- Jayaprakasam, B., Zhang, Y., Seeram, N. P., & Nair, M. G. (2003). Growth inhibition of human tumor cell lines by withanolides from Withania somnifera leaves. Life Sciences, 74(1), 125–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.007
- Jin, Z., Du, X., Xu, Y., Deng, Y., Liu, M., Zhao, Y., Zhang, B., Li, X., Zhang, L., Peng, C., Duan, Y., Yu, J., Wang, L., Yang, K., Liu, F., Jiang, R., Yang, X., You, T., Liu, X., … Yang, H. (2020). Structure of Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its inhibitors. Nature, 582(7811), 289–293. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2223-y
- Jorgensen, W. L., Maxwell, D. S., & Tirado-Rives, J. (1996). Development and testing of the OPLS all-atom force field on conformational energetics and properties of organic liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118(45), 11225–11236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9621760
- Kaczor, A. A., Targowska-Duda, K. M., Patel, J. Z., Laitinen, T., Parkkari, T., Adams, Y., Nevalainen, T. J., & Poso, A. (2015). Comparative molecular field analysis and molecular dynamics studies of α/β hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) inhibitors. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 21(10), 250https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-015-2789-8
- Kirson, I., Cohen, A., & Abraham, A. (1975). Withanolides Q and R, two new 23-hydroxy-steroidal lactones. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 1(21), 2136–2138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1039/p19750002136
- Kour, K., Pandey, A., Suri, K. A., Satti, N. K., Gupta, K. K., & Bani, S. (2009). Restoration of stress-induced altered T cell function and corresponding cytokines patterns by Withanolide A. International Immunopharmacology, 9(10), 1137–1144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2009.05.011
- Kuboyama, T., Tohda, C., & Komatsu, K. (2006). Withanoside IV and its active metabolite, sominone, attenuate Abeta(25-35)-induced neurodegeneration. European Journal of Neuroscience, 23(6), 1417–1426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04664.x
- Kumar, A., Choudhir, G., Shukla, S. K., Sharma, M., Tyagi, P., Bhushan, A., & Rathore, M. (2020). Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1772112
- Kumar, V., Dhanjal, J. K., Kaul, S. C., Wadhwa, R., & Sundar, D. (2020). Withanone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester are predicted to interact with main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit its activity. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1772108
- Lee, W., Kim, T. H., Ku, S.-K., Min, K., Lee, H.-S., Kwon, T. K., & Bae, J.-S. (2012). Barrier protective effects of withaferin A in HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses in both cellular and animal models. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 262(1), 91–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.025
- Liu, C., Zhou, Q., Li, Y., Garner, L. V., Watkins, S. P., Carter, L. J., Smoot, J., Gregg, A. C., Daniels, A. D., Jervey, S., & Albaiu, D. (2020). Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases. ACS Central Science, 6(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00272
- LLanos, G. G., Araujo, L. M., Jiménez, I. A., Moujir, L. M., & Bazzocchi, I. L. (2012). Withaferin A-related steroids from Withania aristata exhibit potent antiproliferative activity by inducing apoptosis in human tumor cells. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 54, 499–511. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.032
- Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Wang, W., Song, H., Huang, B., Zhu, N., Bi, Y., Ma, X., Zhan, F., Wang, L., Hu, T., Zhou, H., Hu, Z., Zhou, W., Zhao, L., … Tan, W. (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet, 395(10224), 565–574. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
- Matsuda, H., Murakami, T., Kishi, A., & Yoshikawa, M. (2001). Structures of withanosides I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII, new withanolide glycosides, from the roots of Indian Withania somnifera Dunal. and inhibitory activity for tachyphylaxis to clonidine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 9(6), 1499–1507. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00024-4
- Ministry of Ayush. (2020)., Ayurveda’s immunity boosting measures for self care during COVID 19 crisis [WWW Document]. https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/123.pdf.
- Mondal, S., Bhattacharya, K., Mallick, A., Sangwan, R., & Mandal, C. (2012). Bak compensated for Bax in p53-null cells to release cytochrome c for the initiation of mitochondrial signaling during Withanolide D-induced apoptosis. PLoS One, 7(3), e34277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034277
- Morse, J. S., Lalonde, T., Xu, S., & Liu, W. R. (2020). Learning from the past: Possible urgent prevention and treatment options for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019-nCoV. Chembiochem , 21(5), 730–738. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202000047
- Nakano, D., Ishitsuka, K., Katsuya, H., Kunami, N., Nogami, R., Yoshimura, Y., Matsuda, M., Kamikawa, M., Tsuchihashi, R., Okawa, M., Ikeda, T., Nohara, T., Tamura, K., & Kinjo, J. (2013). Screening of promising chemotherapeutic candidates from plants against human adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (II): Apoptosis of antiproliferactive principle (24,25-dihydrowithanolide D) against ATL cell lines and structure-activity relationships with withanolides isolated from solanaceous plants. Journal of Natural Medicines, 67(2), 415–420. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-012-0700-9
- Pant, S., Singh, M., Ravichandiran, V., Murty, U. S. N., & Srivastava, H. K. (2020). Peptide-like and small-molecule inhibitors against Covid-19. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1757510
- Peng, X., Xu, X., Li, Y., Cheng, L., Zhou, X., & Ren, B. (2020). Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. International Journal of Oral Science, 12(1), 9https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9
- Qiu, H., Wu, J., Hong, L., Luo, Y., Song, Q., & Chen, D. (2020). Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: An observational cohort study. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(6), 689-696. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30198-5
- Rabi, A. F., Al Zoubi, S. M., Kasasbeh, A. G., Salameh, M. D., Al-Nasser, D. A. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019: What we know so far. Pathog. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030231
- Reddy, S. V. G., Reddy, K. T., Kumari, V. V., & Basha, S. H. (2015). Molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies evidenced plausible immunotherapeutic anticancer property by Withaferin A targeting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 33(12), 2695–2709. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2015.1004834
- Remya, C., Dileep, K. V., Variayr, E. J., & Sadasivan, C. (2016). An in silico guided identification of nAChR agonists from Withania somnifera. Frontiers in Life Science, 9(3), 201–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2016.1207569
- Sargsyan, K., Grauffel, C., & Lim, C. (2017). How molecular size impacts RMSD applications in molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 13(4), 1518–1524. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00028
- Schrödinger. (2018). Release 2018-2: LigPrep. Schrödinger, LLC.
- Schröter, H.-B., Neumann, D., Katritzky, A. R., & Swinbourne, F. J. (1966). Withasomnine. A pyrazole alkaloid from Withania somnifera Dun. Tetrahedron, 22(8), 2895–2897. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)99082-9
- Singh, B., & Sharma, R. A. (2020). Secondary metabolites of medicinal plants: Ethnopharmacological properties, biological activity and production strategies. Wiley.
- Singh, G., Tiwari, M., Singh, S. P., Singh, S., Trivedi, P. K., & Misra, P. (2016). Silencing of sterol glycosyltransferases modulates the withanolide biosynthesis and leads to compromised basal immunity of Withania somnifera. Scientific Reports, 6, 25562. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25562
- Soman, S., Anju, T. R., Jayanarayanan, S., Antony, S., & Paulose, C. S. (2013). Impaired motor learning attributed to altered AMPA receptor function in the cerebellum of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy: Ameliorating effects of Withania somnifera and withanolide A. Epilepsy & Behavior, 27(3), 484–491. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.007
- Stobart, C. C., Lee, A. S., Lu, X., & Denison, M. R. (2012). Temperature-sensitive mutants and revertants in the coronavirus nonstructural protein 5 protease (3CLpro) define residues involved in long-distance communication and regulation of protease activity. Journal of Virology, 86(9), 4801–4810. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.06754-11
- Subbaraju, G. V., Vanisree, M., Rao, C. V., Sivaramakrishna, C., Sridhar, P., Jayaprakasam, B., & Nair, M. G. (2006). Ashwagandhanolide, a bioactive dimeric thiowithanolide isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera. Journal of Natural Products, 69(12), 1790–1792. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/np060147p
- Thuy, B. T. P., My, T. T. A., Hai, N. T. T., Hieu, L. T., Hoa, T. T., Thi Phuong Loan, H., Triet, N. T., Anh, T. T., Van, Quy, P. T., Tat, P., Van, Hue, N., Van, Quang, D. T., Trung, N. T., Tung, V. T., Huynh, L. K., & Nhung, N. T. A. (2020). Investigation into SARS-CoV-2 resistance of compounds in garlic essential oil. ACS Omega, 5(14), 8312–8320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00772
- Tong, X., Zhang, H., & Timmermann, B. N. (2011). Chlorinated Withanolides from Withania somnifera. Phytochemistry Letters, 4(4), 411–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2011.04.016
- Turrini, E., Calcabrini, C., Sestili, P., Catanzaro, E., De Gianni, E., Diaz, R. A., Hrelia, P., Tacchini, M., Guerrini, A., Canonico, B., Papa, S., Valdrè, G., & Fimognari, C. (2016). Withania somnifera induces cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on human T leukemia cells. Toxins, 8(5), 147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050147
- Vetvicka, V., & Vetvickova, J. (2011). Immune enhancing effects of WB365, a novel combination of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Maitake (Grifola frondosa) extracts. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(7), 320–324. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4297/najms.2011.3320
- Wadegaonkar, V. P., & Wadegaonkar, P. A. (2013). Withanone as an inhibitor of survivin: A potential drug candidate for cancer therapy. Journal of Biotechnology, 168(2), 229–233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.08.028
- Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Hu, Z., Zhong, W., & Xiao, G. (2020). Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Research, 30(3), 269–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
- White, P. T., Subramanian, C., Motiwala, H. F., & Cohen, M. S. (2016). Natural withanolides in the treatment of chronic diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 928, 329–373. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_14
- WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 129 [WWW Document]. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200528-covid-19-sitrep-129.pdf?sfvrsn=5b154880_2
- Wu, C., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., Zhong, W., Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Xu, Y., Li, M., Li, X., Zheng, M., Chen, L., & Li, H. (2020). Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 10(5), 766-788. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.008
- Yang, H., Yang, M., Ding, Y., Liu, Y., Lou, Z., Zhou, Z., Sun, L., Mo, L., Ye, S., Pang, H., Gao, G. F., Anand, K., Bartlam, M., Hilgenfeld, R., & Rao, Z. (2003). The crystal structures of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus main protease and its complex with an inhibitor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(23), 13190–13195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1835675100
- Zhang, L., Lin, D., Sun, X., Curth, U., Drosten, C., Sauerhering, L., Becker, S., Rox, K., & Hilgenfeld, R. (2020). Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved α-ketoamide inhibitors. Science, 368(6489), 409-412. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3405
- Zhao, J., Nakamura, N., Hattori, M., Kuboyama, T., Tohda, C., & Komatsu, K. (2002). Withanolide Derivatives from the Roots of Withania somnifera and Their Neurite Outgrowth Activities. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 50(6), 760–765. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.50.760
- Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., Chen, H.-D., Chen, J., Luo, Y., Guo, H., Jiang, R.-D., Liu, M.-Q., Chen, Y., Shen, X.-R., Wang, X., … Shi, Z.-L. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579(7798), 270–273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7