Investigation of cannabidiol’s potential targets in limbic seizures. In-silico approach

References

• Albertson, A. J., Yang, J., & Hablitz, J. J. (2011). Decreased hyperpolarization-activated currents in layer 5 pyramidal neurons enhances excitability in focal cortical dysplasia. Journal of Neurophysiology, 106(5), 2189–2200. 10.1152/JN.00164.2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakas, T., van Nieuwenhuijzen, P. S., Devenish, S. O., McGregor, I. S., Arnold, J. C., & Chebib, M. (2017). The direct actions of cannabidiol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol at GABAA receptors. Pharmacological Research, 119, 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair, R. D. G. (2012). Temporal lobe epilepsy semiology. Epilepsy Research and Treatment, 2012, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/751510
   Google Scholar
• Denesyuk, A. I., Denessiouk, K. A., Korpela, T., & Johnson, M. S. (2002). Functional attributes of the phosphate group binding cup of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. Journal of Molecular Biology, 316(1), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1006/JMBI.2001.5310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhir, A. (2018). Cannabidiol in Refractory Epilepsy. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 58, 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64056-7.00014-3
   Google Scholar
• Elokely, K. M., & Doerksen, R. J. (2013). Docking Challenge: Protein Sampling and Molecular Docking Performance. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(8), 1934–1945. NIH Public Access: 1934. https://doi.org/10.1021/CI400040D.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElSohly M. A., Radwan M. M., Gul W., Chandra S., & Galal A. (2017). Phytochemistry of Cannabis Sativa L. Phytocannabinoids (pp. 1–36). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Epilepsy Fast Facts | CDC. (2021). Accessed November 3. https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/about/fast-facts.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Excitatory, H., John Mihic, S., & Adron Harris, R. (1997). GABA and the GABAA Receptor. Alcohol Health and Research World, 21(2).
   Google Scholar
• Friesner, R. A., Murphy, R. B., Repasky, M. P., Frye, L. L., Greenwood, J. R., Halgren, T. A., Sanschagrin, P. C., & Mainz, D. T. (2006). Extra precision glide: docking and scoring incorporating a model of hydrophobic enclosure for protein-ligand complexes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 49(21), 6177–6196. https://doi.org/10.1021/JM051256O/SUPPL_FILE/JM051256OSI20060602_023733.PDF.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanopoulou, A. (2008). GABAA receptors in normal development and seizures: friends or foes? Current Neuropharmacology 6 (1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2174/157015908783769653.
   Google Scholar
• Greenidge, P. A., Kramer, C., Mozziconacci, J. C., & Wolf, R. M. (2013). MM/GBSA binding energy prediction on the PDBbind data set: successes, failures, and directions for further improvement. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(1), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1021/CI300425V.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Z., Mohanty, U., Noehre, J., Sawyer, T. K., Sherman, W., & Krilov, G. (2010). Probing the α-helical structural stability of stapled P53 peptides: molecular dynamics simulations and analysis. Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 75(4), 348–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1747-0285.2010.00951.X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, T. D. M., Cascio, M. ‐G., Romano, B., Duncan, M., Pertwee, R. G., Williams, C. M., Whalley, B. J., & Hill, A. J. (2013). Cannabidivarin‐rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor‐independent mechanism. British Journal of Pharmacology, 170(3), 679–692. Wiley Online Library https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, M. P., Pincus, D. L., Rapp, C. S., Day, T. J., Honig, B., Shaw, D. E., & Friesner, R. A. (2004). A hierarchical approach to all-atom protein loop prediction. Proteins, 55(2), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1002/PROT.10613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeremiah, S., & Povey, S. (1981). The biochemical genetics of human gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase. Annals of Human Genetics, 45(3), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1469-1809.1981.TB00334.X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Główka, A. K., Mikulska, A. A., & Główka, F. K. (2021). Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions among antiepileptic drugs, including CBD, drugs used to treat COVID-19 and nutrients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(17), 9582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. J., & Hibbs, R. E. (2021). Direct structural insights into GABAA receptor pharmacology. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 46(6), 502–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. J., Gharpure, A., Teng, J., Zhuang, Y., Howard, R. J., Zhu, S., Noviello, C. M., Walsh, R. M., Lindahl, E., & Hibbs, R. E. (2020). Shared structural mechanisms of general anaesthetics and benzodiazepines. Nature, 585(7824), 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2654-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, T. W., Newton, C., Larsen, K., Lu, L., Perkins, I., Nong, L., & Friedman, H. (2003). The cannabinoid system and immune modulation. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 74(4), 486–496. Wiley Online Libraryhttps://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0303101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kole, M. H. P., Hallermann, S., & Stuart, G. J. (2006). Single IH channels in pyramidal neuron dendrites: properties, distribution, and impact on action potential output. The Journal of Neuroscience : The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 26(6), 1677–1687. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3664-05.2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan, P., Schachter, S. C., & Brodie, M. J. (2011). Drug-resistant epilepsy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365(10), 919–926. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1004418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larivière, S., Bernasconi, A., Bernasconi, N., & Bernhardt, B. C. (2021). Connectome biomarkers of drug‐resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia, 62(1), 6–24. Wiley Online Libraryhttps://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroso, M., Szabo, G. G., Kim, H. K., Alexander, A., Bui, A. D., Lee, S.-H., Lutz, B., & Soltesz, I. (2016). Cannabinoid control of learning and memory through HCN channels. Neuron, 89(5), 1059–1073. Elsevierhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathern, G. W., Beninsig, L., & Nehlig, A. (2015). Fewer specialists support using medical marijuana and CBD in treating epilepsy patients compared with other medical professionals and patients: result of epilepsia’s survey. Epilepsia, 56(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/EPI.12843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure, K. J., Maher, M., Wu, N., Chaplan, S. R., Eckert, W. A., Lee, D. H., Wickenden, A. D., Hermann, M., Allison, B., Hawryluk, N., Breitenbucher, J. G., & Grice, C. A. (2011). Discovery of a novel series of selective HCN1 Blockers. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 21(18), 5197–5201. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.07.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meldrum, B. S., & Rogawski, M. A. (2007). Molecular targets for antiepileptic drug development. Neurotherapeutics: The Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, 4(1), 18–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NURT.2006.11.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napolitano, C. E., Magunacelaya, P., & Orriols, M. (2021). Absolute Spike Frequency and Different Comorbidities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 116, 107730. Elsevierhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuutinen, T. (2018). Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis Sativa and Humulus Lupulus. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 157, 198–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RCSB PDB: Homepage. (2021). Accessed November 4. https://www.rcsb.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Richter, L., de Graaf, C., Sieghart, W., Varagic, Z., Mörzinger, M., de Esch, I. J. P., Ecker, G. F., & Ernst, M. (2012). Diazepam-bound GABAA receptor models identify new benzodiazepine binding-site ligands. Nature Chemical Biology, 8(5), 455–464. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos, K., Wu, C., Damm, W., Reboul, M., Stevenson, J. M., Lu, C., Dahlgren, M. K., Mondal, S., Chen, W., Wang, L., Abel, R., Friesner, R. A., & Harder, E. D. (2019). OPLS3e: extending force field coverage for drug-like small molecules. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 15(3), 1863–1874. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JCTC.8B01026/SUPPL_FILE/CT8B01026_SI_002.ZIP.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sastry, M., Matvey Adzhigirey, G., Day, T., Annabhimoju, R., & Sherman, W. (2013). Protein and ligand preparation: parameters, protocols, and influence on virtual screening enrichments. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 27(3), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10822-013-9644-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman, R. B. (2018). Design and mechanism of GABA aminotransferase inactivators. Treatments for epilepsies and addictions. Chemical Reviews, 118(7), 4037–4070. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.CHEMREV.8B00009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpekar, J. A., & Mula, M. (2019). Common psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy: how big of a problem is it? Epilepsy & Behavior 98(Pt B), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.07.023
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sampson, P. B. (2021). Phytocannabinoid pharmacology: medicinal properties of cannabis sativa constituents aside from the big two. Journal of Natural Products, 84(1), 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelley, J. C., Cholleti, A., Frye, L. L., Greenwood, J. R., Timlin, M. R., & Uchimaya, M. (2007). Epik: A software program for PK (a) prediction and protonation state generation for drug-like molecules. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 21(12), 681–691. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10822-007-9133-Z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigel, E. (2002). Mapping of the benzodiazepine recognition site on GABA-A receptors. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2(8), 833–839. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026023393444.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tang, F., Hartz, A., & Bauer, B. (2017). Drug-resistant epilepsy: multiple hypotheses, few answers. Frontiers in Neurology, 8, 301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanguay, J., Callahan, K. M., & D’Avanzo, N. (2019). Characterization of drug binding within the HCN1 channel pore. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37116-2
   Google Scholar
• Wongsamitkul, N., Maldifassi, M. C., Simeone, X., Baur, R., Ernst, M., & Sigel, E. (2017). α Subunits in GABAA receptors are dispensable for GABA and diazepam Action. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15628-7
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Epilepsy. Key Facts. (2019). https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy.
   Google Scholar