An investigation into the usage of black cumin derivatives against cancer and COVID-19 as the nature medicine

References

• Abd El-Hakim, Y.M., Al-Sagheer, A.A., Khafaga, A.F., Batiha, G.E., Arif, M., Abd El-Hack, M.E. (2021). Nigella sativa Supplementation in Ruminant Diets: Production, Health, and Environmental Perspectives. In Fawzy Ramadan, M. (Ed.), Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications. Food Bioactive Ingredients. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_17
   Google Scholar
• Abo-Atya, D. M., El-Mallah, M. F., El-Seedi, H. R., & Farag, M. A. (2021). Novel prospective of N. sativa essential oil analysis, culinary and medicinal uses. In M. Fawzy Ramadan (Ed.) Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, technology, functionality, and applications. Food bioactive ingredients. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_9/.
   Google Scholar
• Abo-Atya, D. M., El-Mallah, M. F., El-Seedi, H. R., & Mohamed, A. F. (2021). Novel prospective of N. sativa essential oil analysis, culinary and medicinal uses. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_9
   Google Scholar
• Aboul-Ela, E. I. (2002). Cytogenetic studies on Nigella sativa seeds extract and thymoquinone on mouse cells infected with schistosomiasis using karyotyping. Mutation Research, 516(1–2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00333-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed, W. A., Hassan, S. A., Galeb, F. M., El-Taweel, M. A., & Abu-Bedair, F. A. (2008). The in vitro promising therapeutic activity of thymoquinone on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Global Veterinaria, 2(5), 233–241.
   Google Scholar
• Akhtar, M. S., & Riffat, S. (1991). Field trial of Saussurea lappa roots against nematodes and Nigella sativa seeds against cestodes in children. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 41, 185–187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alagawan, M., Shabaan, S. E., Mayada, R. F., Abd El-Hack, M. E., Asmaa, F. K., Khan, S., Gopi, M., & Kuldeep, D. (2021). Health-promoting activities of Nigella sativa essential oil. In M. Fawzy Ramadan (Ed.), Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications. Food Bioactive Ingredients. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_29/.
   Google Scholar
• Alagie, J., Zuha, I., Sheriffo, J., Mufeed, I., & Saiema, R. (2022). Chapter 16—Antiviral effects of black seeds: Effect on COVID-19. In Andleeb Khan, Muneeb Rehman, Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) (pp. 387–404). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824462-3.00004-4
   Google Scholar
• Al-Bukhari, M. I. (1976). Division (71) on medicine. In Sahi Al-Bukhari, the collection of authentic sayings of Prophet Mohammad (peacebe upon him) (2nd ed.). Hilal Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Alhmied, F., Alammar, A., Alsultan, B., Alshehri, M., & Pottoo, F. H. (2021). Molecular mechanisms of thymoquinone as anticancer agent. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 24(10), 1644–1653. https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207323999201027225305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Jishi, S. A. A. (2000). A study of Nigella sativa on blood hemostatic functions. [M.Sc. Thesis]. King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
   Google Scholar
• Allam, A. E., Amen, Y., Ashour, A., Assaf, H. K., Hassan, H. A., Abdel-Rahman, I. M., Sayed, A. M., & Shimizu, K. (2021). In silico study of natural compounds from sesame against COVID-19 by targeting Mpro, PLpro and RdRp RSC Adv. RSC Advances, 11(36), 22398–22408. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03937g
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amr, E. E. (2021). Thymoquinone: Chemistry and functionality. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_8/.
   Google Scholar
• Attoub, S., Sperandio, O., Raza, H., Arafat, K., Al-Salam, S., Al Sultan, M. A., Al Safi, M., Takahashi, T., & Adem, A. (2013). Thymoquinone as an anticancer agent: Evidence from inhibition of cancer cells viability and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 27(5), 557–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01056.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badary, O. A., Al-Shabanah, O. A., Nagi, M. N., Al-Rikabi, A. C., & Elmazar, M. M. (1999). Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in mice by thymoquinone. European Journal of Cancer Prevention: The Official Journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), 8(5), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-199910000-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badary, O. A., & Gamal El-Din, A. M. (2001). Inhibitory effect of thymoquinone against 20-methyl-chlolanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 25(4), 362–368.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bita, A., Rosu, A. F., Calina, D., Rosu, L., Zlatian, O., Dindere, C., & Simionescu, A. (2012). An alternative treatment for Candida infections with Nigella sativa extracts. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 19(2), 162–162. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.203
   Google Scholar
• Chhikara, B., Rathi, B., Singh, J., & Fnu, P. (2020). Corona virus SARS-CoV-2 disease COVID-19: Infection, prevention and clinical advances of the prospective chemical drug therapeutics. Chemical Biology Letters, 7(1), 63–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, A., Henderson, F., Lowe, J. S., Wallace, G. C., Vandergrift, W. A., Lindhorst, S. M., Varma, A. K., Infinger, L. K., Giglio, P., Banik, N. L., Patel, S. J., & Cachia, D. (2018). Single agent efficacy of the HDAC inhibitor DATS in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 82(6), 945–952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-018-3684-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Kadi, A., & Kandil, O. (1986). Effect of Nigella sativa on immunity. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Islamic Medicine, (pp. 344–348).
   Google Scholar
• El-Najjar, N., Chatila, M., Moukadem, H., Vuorela, H., Ocker, M., Gandesiri, M., Schneider-Stock, R., & Gali-Muhtasib, H. (2010). Reactive oxygen species mediate thymoquinone-induced apoptosis and activate ERK and JNK signaling. Apoptosis: An International Journal on Programmed Cell Death, 15(2), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-009-0421-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evirgen, O., Gökçe, A., Ozturk, O. H., Nacar, E., Onlen, Y., Ozer, B., & Motor, V. K. (2011). Effect of thymoquinone on oxidative stress in Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis in rats. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental, 72(5), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2011.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fathi, R., Abd Allah, D., & Helmy, I. (2023). Effect of green tea and black seed on methotrexate induced cytotoxicity of the oral mucosa, tongue and the submandibular salivary gland of Albino rats. Egyptian Dental Journal, 69(1), 413–426. https://doi.org/10.21608/edj.2022.175561.2352
   Google Scholar
• Forouzanfar, F., Fazly Bazzaz, B. S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): A review on antimicrobial effects. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(12), 929–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch, M. J., Trucks, G. W., Schlegel, H. B., Scuseria, G. E., Robb, M. A., Cheeseman, J. R., Scalmani, G., Barone, V., Mennucci, B., Petersson, G. A., Nakatsuji, H., Caricato, M., Li, X., Hratchian, H. P., Izmaylov, A. F., Bloino, J., Zheng, G., Sonnenberg, J. L., Hada, M., … Fox, D. J. (2009). 09, Revision D. 01. Wallingford, CT: Gaussian. Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Gurjar, V., Iqra Kamil, S., Chandra, A., Qamar, I., & Singh, N. (2023). Drugs swapping in coronavirus strains: A structural biology view. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, 41(22), 13488–13495. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2175037
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasan, N. A., Nawahwi, M. Z., & Malek, H. A. (2013). Anti microbial activity of Nigella sativa seed extract. Sains Malaysiana, 42, 143–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, S. A., Ahmed, W. A., Galeb, F. M., El-Taweel, M. A., & Abu-Bedair, F. A. (2008). In vitro challenge using thymoquinone on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7(4), 283–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidy, M. P., Judith, E. R., Ofir, P., Gabriel, R. R., Omar, V. B., & Guillermo, R. G. (2018). Design (Docking and QSAR Studies) and synthesis of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) inhibitors series. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 27, 206–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini, M., Mohammadpour, T., Karami, R., Rajaei, Z., Sadeghnia, H. R., & Soukhtanloo, M. (2014). Effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on scopolamineinduced spatial memory impairment in rats and its possible mechanism. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 21(6), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-014-1742-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh, H., Moghim, F. F., & Mansouri, S. M. T. (2007). Effect of Nigella sativa seed extracts on ischemia-reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle. Pharmacologyonline, 2, 326–335.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, M. W., Sajjad, A., & Sumra, W. A. (2021). Stilbene-based natural compounds as promising drug candidates against COVID-19. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 39(9), 3225–3234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahan, S., Sun, J. M., He, S., & Davie, J. R. (2018). Transcription-dependent association of HDAC2 with active chromatin. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 233(2), 1650–1657. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. R. (1999). Chemical composition and medicinal properties of Nigella sativa Linn. Inflammopharmacology, 7(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-999-0023-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan, M. A., & Younus, H. (2021). Potential implications of black seed and its principal constituent thymoquinone in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 22(10), 1315–1324. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201021999201110205048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabrouk, G. M., Moselhy, S. S., Zohny, S. F., Ali, E. M., Helal, T. E., Amin, A. A., & Khalifa, A. A. (2002). Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU) induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered honey and Nigella sativa in Sprague Dawley rats. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 21(3), 341–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud, B., Marwa, E.-Z., Shaymaa, A., Abdulmalek., & Yasmin, R. S. (2021). Health-promoting activities of Nigella sativa fixed oil. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_23
   Google Scholar
• Mahmoud, A., Shabaan, S. E., Mayada, R. F., Abd El-Hack, M. E., Asmaa, F. K., Khan, S., Gopi, M., & Kuldeep, D. (2021). Health-promoting activities of Nigella sativa essential oil. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_29
   Google Scholar
• Majdalawieh, A. F., & Fayyad, M. W. (2016). Recent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 7(3), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2016.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majdalawieh, A. F., Hmaidan, R., & Carr, R. I. (2010). Nigella sativa modulates splenocyte proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, macrophage function and NK anti-tumor activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(2), 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra, S. S., Nandy, S., & Dey, A. (2021). Promising plant-based bioactive natural products in combating SARS-CoV2 Novel Corona (COVID-19) virus infection. In K. Dua, S. Nammi, D. Chang, D.K. Chellappan, G. Gupta, & T. Collet (Eds.), Medicinal plants for lung diseases. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6850-7_22.
   Google Scholar
• Moharana, M., Maharana, P. C., Pattanayak, S. K., & Khan, F. (2023). Effect of temperature on hepatitis a virus and exploration of binding mode mechanism of phytochemicals from tinospora cordifolia: An insight into molecular docking, MM/GBSA, and molecular dynamics simulation study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2194429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moharana, M., Pattanayak, S. K., & Khan, F. (2023). Identification of novel potential hepatitis E virus inhibitors as seen from molecular docking, free energy landscape and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Molecular Simulation, 49(10), 967–981. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2023.2202764
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moharana, M., Pattanayak, S. K., & Khan, F. (2023). Identification of phytochemicals from Eclipta alba and assess their potentiality against Hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein: Virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, 41(11), 5328–5344. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2022.2085804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrakovcic, M., & Fröhlich, L. F. (2020). Molecular determinants of cancer therapy resistance to HDAC inhibitor-induced autophagy. Cancers, 12(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwood, A. A., Tan, M., May, M., Tucci, M., & Benghuzzi, H. (2006). Comparison of potential chemotherapeutic agents, 5-fluorouracil, green tea and thymoquinone on colon cancer cells. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 42, 350–356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norwood, A. A., Tucci, M., & Benghuzzi, H. (2007). A comparison of 5-fluorouracil and natural chemotherapeutic agents, EGCG and thymoquinone, delivered by sustained drug delivery on colon cancer cells. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 43, 272–277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohta, Y.,M., Nameer, K., Abd, M., Mohd, Y., Tan, Chin, P., Muhialdin, B. J., Alhelli, A., M., Meor, H., & Anis, S. (2016). The effects of different extraction methods on antioxidant properties, chemical composition, and thermal behavior of black seed oil. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: ECAM, 2016, 6273817. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6273817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, R., Binte, B., S., Rifat, R. H., Poran, S., Rahman, A., Islam, F., & Saha, B. (2021). Medicinal plants with anticancer effects available in Bangladesh. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(3), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2021.v10.i3a.14062
   Google Scholar
• Rajkapoor, B., Anandan, R., & Jayakar, B. (2002). Anti-ulcer effect of Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats. Current Science, 82, 177–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramadan, M. F. (2021). Introduction to Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_1
   Google Scholar
• Randhawa, M. A. (2008). Black seed, Nigella sativa, deserves more attention. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC, 20(2), 1–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Randhawa, M. A., & Alghamdi, M. S. (2011). Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (Black Seed): A review. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 39(6), 1075–1091. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X1100941X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raschi, A. B., Romano, E., Benavente, A. M., Ben Altabef, A., & Tuttolomondo, M. E. (2010). Structural and vibrational analysis of thymoquinone. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 77(2), 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2010.06.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashwan, H. K., Mahgoub, S., Abuelezz, N. Z., & Amin, H. K. (2023). Black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) in inflammatory disorders: Therapeutic potential and promising molecular mechanisms. Drugs and Drug Candidates, 2(2), 516–537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc2020027
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, D. W. (2008). Recent progress and future directions in protein-protein docking. Current Protein & Peptide Science, 9(1), 1–15. http://www.loria.fr/∼ritchied/hex. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920308783565741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem, M. L. (2005). Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. International Immunopharmacology, 5(13–14), 1749–1770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem, M. L., & Hossain, M. S. (2000). Protective effect of black seed oil from Nigella sativa against murine cytomegalovirus infection. International Journal of Immunopharmacology, 22(9), 729–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00036-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salma, C. R., B., Souhail, H., Basma, B., Christophe, D., & Claude, A. (2007). Hamadi., Nigella sativa L. Chemical composition and physiochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food Chemistry. 101(2), 673–681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomi, N. J., Nair, S. C., Jayawardhanan, K. K., Varghese, C. D., & Panikka, K. R. (1992). Antitumour principles from Nigella sativa seeds. Cancer Letters, 63(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(92)90087-c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samarakoon, S. R., Thabrew, I., Galhena, P. B., De-Silva, D., & Tennekoon, K. H. (2010). A comparison of the cytotoxic potential of standardized aqueous and ethanolic extracts of a polyherbal mixture comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizome). Pharmacognosy Research, 2(6), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.75451
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samuel, P., Mulcahy, L. A., Furlong, F., Helen, O. M., Brooks, S. A., Fabbri, M., Pink, R. C., & Carter, D. R. F. (2018). Cisplatin induces the release of extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells that can induce invasiveness and drug resistance in bystander cells. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373, 1737.
   Google Scholar
• Shafi, G., Munshi, A., Hasan, T. N., Alshatwi, A. A., Jyothy, A., & David, K. Y. (2009). Anti cancer activity of Nigella sativa. Cancer Cell International, 9, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-9-29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakila, S., Uzma, S., Muhammad, S., Hamid, A., Muhammad, Q., & Zunera, C. (2022). Thymoquinone induces Nrf2 mediated adaptive homeostasis: Implication for mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity. ACS Omega. 7(8), 7370–7379. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c00028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siti, K., Hendra, K., Rizki, A., Suhartati, S., & Soetjipto, S. (2020). Potential inhibitor of COVID-19 Main protease (Mpro) from several medicinal plant compounds by molecular docking study. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints;03:0226.v1
   Google Scholar
• Sofia, R., Muhammad, Z., Mushtaq, A., Shazia, S., Sidra Nisar, A., & Omer, K. (2021). Micro and macroscopic characterization of traded Nigella sativa seeds using applied systematics techniques. Springer Nature.
   Google Scholar
• Swamy, S. M. K., & Tan, B. K. H. (2000). Cytotoxic and immunopotentiating effects of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 70(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00241-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tauseef, A., Faaiza, S., Subuhi, A., Iqbal, P., & Farah, K. (2022). Thymoquinone supplementation mitigates arsenic-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic alterations in rat liver. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 74, 127067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127067/.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulasli, S. S., Celik, S., Gunay, E., Ozdemir, M., Hazman, O., Ozyurek, A., Koyuncu, T., & Unlu, M. (2013). Anticancer effects of thymoquinone, caffeic acid phenethyl ester and resveratrol on A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 14(10), 6159–6164. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.6159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner, F. F., Weïwer, M., Steinbacher, S., Schomburg, A., Reinemer, P., Gale, J. P., Campbell, A. J., Fisher, S. L., Zhao, W.-N., Reis, S. A., Hennig, K. M., Thomas, M., Müller, P., Jefson, M. R., Fass, D. M., Haggarty, S. J., Zhang, Y.-L., & Holson, E. B. (2016). Kinetic and structural insights into the binding of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1, 2) inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 24(18), 4008–4015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, L., Waisudin, B., Amani, H. A., Emilie, D., Sami, G., Adem, G., Abdelhamid, E., & Abdelhamid, E. (2021). Food Applications of Nigella sativa Essential Oil. In Fawzy Ramadan, M. (Eds.), Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications. Food Bioactive Ingredients. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_28
   Google Scholar
• Worthen, D. R., Ghosheh, O. A., & Crooks, P. A. (1998). The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of black seed, Nigella sativa L. Anticancer Research, 18(3A), 1527–1532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xueting Y., Fei Y., Miao Z., Cheng C., Baoying H., Peihua N., Xu L., Li Z., Erdan D., Chunli S., Siyan Z., Roujian L., Haiyan L., Wenjie T., Dongyang L. (2020). In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(5), 732–739. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa237
   Google Scholar
• Yang, F., Zhang, Y., Tariq, A., Jiang, X., Ahmed, Z., Zhihao, Z., Idrees, M., Azizullah, A., Adnan, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2020). Food as medicine: A possible preventive measure against coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Phytotherapy Research: PTR, 34(12), 3124–3136. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, T., Wei, D., Lu, T., Ma, D., Yu, K., Fang, Q., Zhang, Z., Wang, W., & Wang, J. (2020). CAY10683 and imatinib have synergistic effects in overcoming imatinib resistance via HDAC2 inhibition in chronic myeloid leukemia. RSC Advances, 10(2), 828–844. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07971h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H., Wang, Y., Yang, C., Zhou, J., Wang, L., Yi, K., Li, Y., Wang, Q., Shi, J., Kang, C., & Zeng, L. (2020). EGFR-vIII downregulated H2AZK4/7AC though the PI3K/AKT-HDAC2 axis to regulate cell cycle progression. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 9(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40169-020-0260-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, D., Dai, S. M., & Tong, Q. (2020). COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 75(7), 1667–1670. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, S., Wu, J., Liu, S., Jiang, T., & Deng, Y. (2019). Phe-125 and Phe-226 of pig cytochrome P450 1A2 stabilize the binding of aflatoxin B1 and 7-ethoxyresorufin through the key CH/π interactions. Biochemical Pharmacology, 166, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar