Violence against Women, Symptom Reporting, and Treatment for Reproductive Tract Infections in Kerala State, Southern India

REFERENCES

• Abraham , S. , Prasad , J. H. , Kurz , K. M. , George , V. , Lalitha , M. K. , John , R. , Jayapaul , M. N. R. , Shetty , N. and Joseph , A. 2005 . Reproductive tract infections among young married women in Tamil Nadu, India . International Family Planning Perspectives , 31 ( 2 ) : 73 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barua , A. and Kurz , K. 2001 . Reproductive health seeking by married adolescent girls in Maharashtra, India . Reproductive Health Matters , 9 ( 17 ) : 53 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatia , J. C. , Cleland , J. , Bhagavan , L. and Rao , N. S. N. 1997 . Levels and determinants of gynecological morbidity in a district of South India . Studies in Family Planning , 28 ( 2 ) : 95 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatti , L. I. and Fikree , F. F. 2002 . Health-seeking behavior of Karachi women with reproductive tract infections . Social Science & Medicine , 54 ( 1 ) : 105 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom , S. H. , Wypij , D. and Das Gupta , M. 2001 . Dimensions of women's autonomy and the influence on maternal health care utilization in a North Indian city . Demography , 8 ( 1 ) : 67 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Boonmongkon , P. , Nichter , N. and Pylypa , J. 2001 . Mot Luuk problems in Northeast Thailand why women's own health concerns matter as much as disease rates . Social Science and Medicine , 53 ( 8 ) : 1095 – 1112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulut , A. , Yolsal , N. , Filippi , V. and Graham , W . 1995 . In search of truth: Comparing alternative sources of information on reproductive tract infection . Reproductive Health Matters , 3 ( 6 ) : 31 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Deshpande , A. 2000 . Does caste still define disparity? A look at inequality in Kerala, India . American Economic Review , 90 ( 2 ) : 322 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreze , J. and Sen , A. 1997 . Indian development: Selected regional perspectives , Delhi : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Erwer , M. 1999 . Development beyond “the status of women”: The silence of agency in the political space in Kerala, India , Presented at 7th Interdisciplinary Congress on Women, Tromso, Norway.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez , F. M. and Krueger , P. M. 1999 . Domestic violence: Effect on pregnancy outcome . Journal of the American Osteopathic Association , 99 ( 5 ) : 2254 – 2256 .
   Google Scholar
• Finkler , K. 1997 . Gender, domestic violence, and sickness in Mexico . Social Science and Medicine , 45 ( 8 ) : 1147 – 1160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go , V. F. , Quan , V. M. , Chung , A. , Zenilman , J. M. , Moulton , L. H. and Celentano , D. D. 2002 . Barriers to reproductive tract infection (RTI) care among Vietnamese women: Implications for RTI control programs . Sexually Transmitted Disease , 29 ( 4 ) : 201 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorbach , P. M. , Hoa , D. T. K. , Tsui , A. and Nhan , V. Q. 1998 . Reproduction, risk and reality: Family planning and reproductive health in Northern Vietnam . Journal of Biosocial Science , 30 : 393 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumber , A. 2000 . Determinants of unemployment in Rural India: An exploration of NCAER Household Survey Data of 1994 , New Delhi: UNDP sponsored Programme of Research on Human Development of the National Council on Applied Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkes , S. , Morison , M. , Foster , S. , Gausia , K. , Chakraborty , J. , Weeling , R. and Mabey , D. 1999 . Reproductive-tract infections in women in low-income, low-prevalence situations: Assessment of syndromic management in Matlab, Bangladesh . The Lancet , 354 ( 9192 ) : 1776 – 1781 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heise , L. and Ellsberg , M. 2001 . “ Violence against women: Impact on sexual and reproductive health ” . In Reproductive health, gender and human rights: A dialogue , Edited by: Murphy , E. and Ringheim , K. 41 – 52 . Washington , DC. : Program for Appropriate Technology in Health [PATH] .
   Google Scholar
• Heise , L. L. , Raikes , A. , Watts , C. H. and Zwi , A. B. 1994 . Violence against women: A neglected public health issue in less developed countries . Social Science and Medicine , 39 ( 9 ) : 1165 – 1179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IIPS & ORC Macro . 2001 . National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) India 1998–99: Kerala , Mumbai: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Irudaya Rajan , S. , Ramanathan , M. and Mishra , U. S. 1996 . “ Female autonomy and reproductive behavior in Kerala: New evidence from the recent Kerala Fertility Survey ” . In Girls’ schooling, women's autonomy and fertility change in South Asia , Edited by: Jeffery , A. and Basu , A. M. New Delhi : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery , R. and Basu , A. M. 1996 . Girls’ schooling, women's autonomy and fertility change in South Asia , New Delhi : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Jejeebhoy , S. , Koenig , M. and Elias , C. (Eds.) . 2003 . Reproductive tract infections and other gynecological disorders: A multidisciplinary research approach , Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kabeer , N. 2000 . “ Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment ” . In Gendered poverty and well-being , Edited by: Razavi , S. 27 – 56 . Oxford and Malden , MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Krishnan , S. 2005 . Gender, caste, and economic inequalities, and marital violence in rural South India . Health Care for Women International , 26 : 87 – 99 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malhotra , A. , Schuler , S. R. and Bender , C. 2002 . Measuring women's empowerment as a variable in international development , Retrieved 30 September 2005, from http://www.icrw.org/docs/MeasuringEmpowerment_workingpaper_802.doc
   Google Scholar
• Mayank , S. , Bahl , R. and Bhandari , N. 2001 . Reproductive tract infections in pregnant women in Delhi, India . International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Short Communication , 75 ( 1 ) : 81 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeroy , K. R. , Bibeau , D. , Steckler , A. and Glanz , K. 1988 . An ecological perspective on health promotion programs . Health Education Quarterly , 15 : 351 – 377 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller , K. and Rosenfield , A. 1996 . Population and women's reproductive health: An international perspective . Annual Review of Public Health , 17 : 359 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nangia , S. P. , Kishor , S. , Nair , P. S. , Radha Devi , , D. , Irudaya Rajan , , S. and Chitanand , R. 2001 . National Family Health Survey of India (NFHS-2). India, 1998–99. Kerala. Mumbai, India: International Institute of Population Sciences and ORC Macro.
   Google Scholar
• Okojie , C. E. E. 1994 . Gender inequalities of health in the third world . Social Science and Medicine , 39 ( 9 ) : 1237 – 1247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omvedt , G. Vol. 30 , pp. 31 – 33 . Disturbing aspects of Kerala society. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Symposium on Kerala, October–December, (3)
   Google Scholar
• Oomman , N. 1995 . “ Individual perceptions: Qualitative research ” . In Reproductive tract infection lessons learned from the field: Where do we go from here? 23 – 25 . Report of a seminar presented under the auspices of the Population Council's Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health and Population, February 6–7, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey , R. N. 1999 . Status of employment and unemployment statistics in India , Joint Director CSO Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, New Delhi. [on-line]. Available: http://www.unescap.org/stat/meet/keyindic/india_current_manpower.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Raj , K. N. 1998 . Human resource development with particular reference to Kerela . Indian Journal of Labour Economics , 47 ( 1 ) : 1447 – 1451 .
   Google Scholar
• Rajan , S. I. , Ramanthan , M. and Mishra , U. S. 1996 . “ Female autonomy and reproductive behavior in Kerala: New evidence from the recent Kerala Fertility Survey ” . In Girls' schooling, women's autonomy and fertility change in South Asia , Edited by: Jeffrey , R. and Basu , A. N. 269 – 287 . New Delhi : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Rao , V. 1997 . Wife beating in rural South India: A qualitative and econometric analysis . Social Science and Medicine , 44 ( 8 ) : 1169 – 1180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saradamoni , K. 1994 . Women, Kerala and some development issues . Economic and Political Weekly , XXIX ( 9 ) : 501 – 509 .
   Google Scholar
• Sen , A. 1992 . Inequality re-examined , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Situational Analysis of Sexual Health in India (SASHI) . 1998 . Trivandrum, Kerala. Report on the findings of a pilot study for the state AIDS cell , December Kerala, and the Health and Population Office, DFID, New Delhi.
   Google Scholar
• Stockoles , D. 1992 . Establishing and maintaining health environments: Toward a social ecology of health promotion . American Psychologist , 7 : 16 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) . 1999 . Reproductive tract infections in India: The HIV/AIDS connection , New Delhi, India , , India : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Wingood , G. and DiClemente , R. 2002 . “ The thoeries of gender and power: A social structural theory for guiding public health interventions ” . In Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research , Edited by: DiClemente , R. , Crosby , R. and Kegler , M. 313 – 346 . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization and Reproductive Health Matters . 2005 . Strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets related to reproductive health . Reproductive Health Matters , 13 ( 15 ) : 11 – 18 . Approved by the World Health Assembly (May 2004)
   Google Scholar