195
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Relationship of Trait Anger and Anger Expression to C-Reactive Protein in Postmenopausal Women

, &
Pages 580-595 | Received 25 Apr 2013, Accepted 02 Nov 2013, Published online: 30 Jan 2014

REFERENCES

  • Abel, J.L., Larkin, K.T., & Edens, J.L. (1995). Women, anger, and cardiovascular responses to stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39, 251–259.
  • Alexander, F.G. (1939). Emotional factors in essential hypertension: Presentation of a tentative hypothesis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1, 175–179.
  • Black, P.H. (2006). The inflammatory consequences of psychologic stress: Relationship to atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, type II. Medical Hypothesis, 67, 879–891.
  • Bongard, S., Pfeiffer, J.S., Al’Absi, M., Hodapp, V., & Linnenkemper, G. (1997). Cardiovascular responses during effortful active coping and acute experience of anger in women. Psychophysiology, 34, 459–466.
  • Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2009). The association of anger and hostility with future coronary heart disease: A meta-analytic review of prospective evidence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53, 939–946.
  • Correa-de-Araujo, R. (2006). Serious gaps: How the lack of sex/gender-based research impairs health. Journal of Women's Health, 15, 1116–1122.
  • Cox, D.L., Stabb, S.D., & Bruckner, K.H. (1999). Women's anger: Clinical and developmental perspectives. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Cox, D.L., Van Velsor, P., & Hulgus, J.F. (2004). Who me, angry? Patterns of anger diversion in women. Health Care for Women International, 25, 872–893.
  • Davidson, K., MacGregor, M., Stuhr, J., Dixon, K., & MacLean, D. (2000). Constructive anger verbal behavior predicts blood pressure in a population-based sample. Health Psychology, 19, 55–64.
  • Davidson, P.M., DiGiacomo, M., & McGrath, S. (2011). The feminization of aging: How will this impact on health outcomes and services? Health Care for Women International, 32, 1031–1045.
  • DRG International (2005). C-reactive protein. Springfield, NJ: Author.
  • Dunbar, H.F. (1943). Psychosomatic diagnosis. New York, NY: Hoeber.
  • Engebretson, T.O., Matthews, K.A., & Scheier, M.F. (1989). Relations between anger expression and cardiovascular reactivity: Reconciling inconsistent findings through a matching hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 513–521.
  • Festa, A., D’Agostino, R.D., Williams, K., Karter, A.J., Mayer-Davis, E.J., Tracy, R. P. … Haffner, S. M. (2001). The relation of body fat mass and distribution to markers of chronic inflammation. International Journal of Obesity, 25, 1407–1415.
  • Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R.H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 169, 1286–1296.
  • Gholizadeh, L., & Davidson, P. (2008). More similarities than differences: An international comparison of CVD mortality and risk factors in women. Health Care for Women International, 29, 3–22.
  • Gouin, J., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., Malarkey, W.B., & Glaser, R. (2008). The influence of anger expression on wound healing. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22, 699–708.
  • Hapuarachchi, J.R., Chalmers, A.H., Winefield, A.H., & Blake-Mortimer, J.S. (2003). Changes in clinically relevant metabolites with psychological stress parameters. Behavioral Medicine, 29(2), 52–59.
  • Harburg, E., Julius, M., Kaciroti, N., Gleiberman, L., & Schork, M.A. (2003). Expressive/suppressive anger-coping responses, gender, and types of mortality: A 17-year follow-up (Tecumseh, Michigan, 1971–1988). Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 588–597.
  • Hogan, B.E., & Linden, W. (2004). Anger response styles and blood pressure: At least don't ruminate about it! Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 27(1), 38–49.
  • Ishihara, S., Makita, S., Imai, M., Hashimoto, T., & Nohara, R. (2003). Relationship between natural killer activity and anger expression in patients with coronary heart disease. Heart Vessels, 18, 85–92.
  • Jack, D. (2001). Understanding women's anger: A description of relational patterns. Health Care for Women International, 22, 385–400.
  • Kawachi, I., Sparrow, D., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P., & Weiss, S.T. (1996). A prospective study of anger and coronary heart disease: The Normative Aging Study. Circulation, 94, 2090–2095.
  • Kenny, J. (2000). Women's “inner-balance”: A comparison of stressors, personality traits, and health problems by age groups. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, 639–650.
  • Lerner, H.G. (1977, Winter). The taboos against female anger. Menninger Perspective, 5–11.
  • Lerner, H.G. (1985). The dance of anger. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Linfante, A.H., Allan, R., Smith, S.C., & Mosca, L. (2003). Psychosocial factors predict coronary heart disease, but what predicts psychosocial risk in women? Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 58, 248–253.
  • Lovallo, W.R., & Gerin, W. (2003). Psychophysiological reactivity: Mechanisms and pathways to cardiovascular disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 36–45.
  • Mackey, J., & Mensah, G. (2004). The atlas of heart disease and stroke, World Health Organization, Geneva. Retrieved from http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/disease-causation-diagnostic/2b-epidemiology-diseases-phs/chronic-diseases/coronary-heart-disease
  • Matthews, K.A., Owens, J.F., Kuller, L.H., Sutton-Tyrell, K., & Jansen-McWilliams, L. (1998). Are hostility and anxiety associated with carotid atherosclerosis in healthy post-menopausal women? Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 633–638.
  • McSweeney, J.C., Cody, M., O’Sullivan, P., Elberson, K., Moser, D.K., & Garvin, B.J. (2003). Women's early warning symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 108, 2619–2623.
  • McSweeney, J.C., Lefler, L.L., & Crowder, B.F. (2005). What's wrong with me? Women's coronary heart disease diagnostic experiences. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 20(2), 48–57.
  • Mostofsky, E., Maclure, M., Tofler, G., Muller, J., & Mittleman, M. (2013). Relation of outbursts of anger and risk of acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology, 112, 343–348. . doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.03.035
  • Padgett, D.A., & Glaser, R. (2003). How stress influences the immune response. Trends in Immunology, 24, 444–447.
  • Raikkonen, K., Matthews, K.A., & Kuller, L.H. (2001). Trajectory of psychological risk and incident hypertension in middle-aged women. Hypertension, 38, 798–802.
  • Ridker, P., Hennekens, C., Buring, J., & Rifai, N. (2000). C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 836–843.
  • Segerstrom, S.C., Kemeny, M.E., & Laudenslager, M. (2001). Individual difference factors in psychoneuroimmunology. In R. Ader, D.L. Felten, & N. Cohen (Eds.), Psychoneuroimmunology (3rd ed., pp. 87–109). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Segerstrom, S.C., & Miller, G.E. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analytical study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 601–630.
  • Sinha, R., Lovallo, W., & Parsons, O. A. (1992). Cardiovascular differentiation of emotions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54, 422–435.
  • Spielberger, C.D. (1991). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory: Revised research edition. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Spielberger, C.D. (1999). Professional manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Spielberger, C.D., Johnson, E.H., Russell, S.F., Crane, R.J., Jacobs, G.A., & Worden, T.J. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M.A. Chesney & R.H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 5–28). New York, NY: Hemisphere.
  • Stuart-Shor, E.M., Buselli, E.F., Carroll, D.L., & Forman, D.E. (2003). Are psychosocial factors associated with the pathogenesis and consequences of cardiovascular disease in the elderly? Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 18, 169–183.
  • Suarez, E.C., Lewis, J.G., & Kuhn, C. (2002). The relation of aggression, hostility, and anger to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor by blood monocytes from normal men. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 16, 675–684.
  • Thomas, S.P. (1990). Predictors of health status of mid-life women: Implications for later adulthood. Journal of Women and Aging, 2(1), 49–77.
  • Thomas, S.P. (Ed.). (1993). Women and anger. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Thomas, S.P. (1995). Women's anger: Causes, manifestations, and correlates. In C.D. Spielberger & I.G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and emotion (vol. 15, pp. 53–74). Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
  • Thomas, S.P. (1997a). Women's anger: Relationship of suppression to blood pressure. Nursing Research, 46, 324–330.
  • Thomas, S.P. (1997b). Angry? Let's talk about it. Applied Nursing Research, 10(2), 80–85.
  • Thomas, S.P. (2001). Teaching healthy anger management. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 37, 41–48.
  • Thomas, S.P. (2005). Women's anger, aggression, and violence. Health Care for Women International, 26, 504–522.
  • Thomas, S.P. (2006). Cultural and gender considerations in the assessment and treatment of anger-related disorders. In E. Feindler (Ed.), Anger-related disorders: A practitioner's guide to comparative treatments (pp. 71–95). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Thomas, S.P., Smucker, C., & Droppleman, P. (1998). “It hurts most around the heart”: A phenomenological exploration of women's anger. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28, 311–322.
  • Tracy, R.P. (2001). Is visceral adiposity the “enemy within”? Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 21, 881–883.
  • Troxel, W.M., Mattherws, K.A., Bromberger, J.T., & Sutton-Tyrell, K. (2003). Chronic stress burden, discrimination, and subclinical carotid artery disease in African American and Caucasian women. Health Psychology, 22, 300–309.
  • Vedhara, K., Fox, J.D., & Wang, E.C. (1999). The measurement of stress-related immune dysfunction in psychoneuroimmunology. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, 699–715.
  • Vedhara, K., & Irwin, M. (2005). Human psychoneuroimmunology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Wenger, N.K. (2004). Cardiovascular health and disease in women: Problems and prospects. Circulation, 109, 558–560.
  • Willerson, J.T., & Ridker, P.M. (2004). Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation, 109(Suppl. 2), 1–10.
  • Williams, J.E., Nieto, F.J., Sanford, C.P., & Tyroler, H.A. (2001). Effects of an angry temperament on coronary heart disease risk. American Journal of Epidemiology, 154, 230–235.
  • Yi, J.P., Yi, J.C., Vitaliano, P., & Weinger, K. (2008). How does anger coping style affect glycemic control in diabetes patients? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 167–172.
  • Yudkin, J.S., Kumari, M., Humphries, S.E., & Mohamed-Ali, V. (2000). Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: Is interleukin-6 the link? Atherosclerosis, 148, 209–214.
  • Zeller, J.J., McCain, N.L., McCann, J.J., Swanson, B., & Colletti, M. (1996). Methodological issues in psychoneuroimmunology research. Nursing Research, 45, 314–318.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.