References
- Abramsky, T., Watts, C. H., García-Moreno, C., Devries, K., Kiss, L., Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H., & Heise, L. (2011). What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women´s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-109
- Alarcón, R. (2001). Relaciones entre felicidad, género, edad y estado conyugal. Revista de Psicología, 19(1), 27–46.
- Al-Modallal, H., Peden, A., & Anderson, D. (2008). Impact of physical abuse on adulthood depressive symptoms among women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29(3), 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840701869791
- Álvarez-Dardet, S. M., Pérez, J., & Lorente, B. (2013). La violencia de pareja contra la mujer en España: Cuantificación y caracterización del problema, las víctimas, los agresores y el contexto social y profesional. Psychosocial Intervention, 22(1), 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5093/in2013a6
- Arechabala, M. C., & Miranda, C. (2002). Validación de una Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido en un grupo de adultos mayores adscritos a un programa de hipertensión de la región metropolitana. Ciencia y Enfermería, 8(1), 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95532002000100007.
- Bernstein, M., Phillips, T., Zerbe, A., McIntyre, J. A., Brittain, K., Petro, G., Abrams, E. J., & Myer, L. (2016). Intimate partner violence experienced by HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6(8), e011999. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-0119995
- Beydoun, H. A., Beydoun, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., Lo, B., & Zonderman, A. B. (2012). Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 75(6), 959–975. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2012.04.025
- Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. John Wiley & Sons.
- Bosch, E., & Ferrer, V. A. (2003). Mujeres maltratadas: Análisis de características sociodemográficas, de la relación de pareja y del maltrato. Psychosocial Intervention, 12(3), 325–344.
- Bott, S., Guedes, A., Goodwin, M., & Mendoza, J. A. (2012). Violence against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A comparative analysis of population-based data from 12 countries. Pan American Health Organization. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/3471
- Campbell, J. C. (2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. The Lancet, 359(9314), 1331–1336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08336-8
- Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Thompson, M. P., McKeown, R. E., Bethea, L., & Davis, K. E. (2002). Social support protects against the negative effects of partner violence on mental health. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 11(5), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1089/15246090260137644
- Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13(1), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9280.00415
- Ellsberg, M., Caldera, T., Herrera, A., Winkvist, A., & Kullgren, G. (1999). Domestic violence and emotional distress among Nicaraguan women: Results from a population-based study. American Psychologist, 54(1), 30–36. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.54.1.30
- Ellsberg, M., & Emmelin, M. (2014). Intimate partner violence and Mental Health. Global Health Action, 7(1), 25658. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.25658
- Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H. A., Heise, L., Watts, C. H., & García-Moreno, C. (2008). Intimate partner violence and women’s physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence: An observational study. The Lancet, 371(9619), 1165–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60522-X
- Ellsberg, M., Peña, R., Herrera, A., Liljestrand, J., & Winkvist, A. (2000). Candies in hell: Women’s experiences of violence in Nicaragua. Social Science & Medicine, 51(11), 1595–1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00056-3
- Fischbach, R. L., & Herbert, B. (1997). Domestic violence and mental health: Correlates and conundrums within and across cultures. Social Science & Medicine, 45(8), 1161–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00022-1
- García, M. J., & Matud, M. P. (2015). Salud mental en mujeres maltratadas por su pareja. Un estudio con muestras de México y España. Salud Mental, 38(5), 321–327. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2015.044
- García-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country stydy on women´s health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 368(9543), 1260–1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69523-8
- García-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Watts, C. H., Ellsberg, M., & Heise, L. (2005). WHO Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women: Initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses. World Health Organization.
- Golding, J. M. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14(2), 99–132. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022079418229
- Grose, R. G., & Grabe, S. (2014). The explanatory role of relationship power and control in domestic violence against women in Nicaragua: A feminist psychology analysis. Violence against Women, 20(8), 972–993. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077801214546231
- Guruge, S., Roche, B., & Catallo, C. (2012). Violence against women: An exploration of the physical and mental health trends among immigrant and refugee women in Canada. Nursing Research and Practice, 2012, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/434592
- Hegarty, K., Gunn, J., Chondros, P., & Small, R. (2004). Association between depression and abuse by partners of women attending general practice: Descriptive, cross sectional survey. BMJ, 328(7440), 621–624. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7440.621
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- INIDE. (2008). Encuesta Nicaragüense de Demografía y Salud ENDESA 2006/07. Instituto Nacional de Información de Desarrollo.
- Ishida, K., Stupp, P., Melian, M., Serbanescu, F., & Goodwin, M. (2010). Exploring the associations between intimate partner violence and women’s mental health: Evidence from a population-based study in Paraguay. Social Science & Medicine, 71(9), 1653–1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.08.007
- Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S.-L T., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006074
- Labrador, F. J., Fernández-Velasco, M. R., & Rincón, P. (2010). Características psicopatológicas de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja. Psicothema, 22(1), 99–105.
- Larraín, S. (1994). Violencia puertas adentro: La mujer golpeada. Santiago de Chile.
- Machisa, M. T., Christofides, N., & Jewkes, R. (2018). Social support factors associated with psychological resilience among women survivors of intimate partner violence in Gauteng, South Africa. Global Health Action, 11(sup3), 1491114–1491119. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1491114
- Mardia, K. V. (1974). Applications of some measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis in testing normality and robustness studies. Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics, 36, 115–128.
- McGarry, J., Ali, P., & Hinchliff, S. (2017). Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: A consideration of the particular issues for health and health practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(15–16), 2177–2191. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490
- Meekers, D., Pallin, S. C., & Hutchinson, P. (2013). Intimate partner violence and mental health in Bolivia. BMC Women´s Health, 13(1), 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-13-28
- Naismith, I., Ripoll, K., & Pardo, V. M. (2020). Group compassion-based therapy for female survivors of intimate-partner violence and gender-based violence: A pilot study. Journal of Family Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-019-00127-2
- Navarro-Mantas, L., Velásquez, M. J., de Lemus, S., & Megías, J. L. (2018). Prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of intimate partner violence against women in El Salvador. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 088626051877906. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518779065
- Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Garcia-Linares, M. I., Celda-Navarro, N., Blasco-Ros, C., Echeburúa, E., & Martinez, M. (2006). The impact of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate male partner violence on women’s mental health: Depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, state anxiety, and suicide. Journal of Women's Health, 15(5), 599–611. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2006.15.599
- Plazaola-Castaño, J., & Ruiz, I. (2004). Violencia contra la mujer en la pareja y consecuencias en la salud física y psíquica. Medicina Clínica, 122(12), 461–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-7753(04)74273-6
- Plazaola-Castaño, J., Ruiz-Pérez, I., & Montero-Piñar, M. I. (2008). Apoyo social como factor protector frente a la violencia contra la mujer en la pareja. Gaceta Sanitaria, 22(6), 527–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0213-9111(08)75350-0
- Rivas, E., Bonilla, E., & García, B. (2017). Influencia de las dificultades económicas en procesos de interposición de denuncias en víctimas de violencia de género en contextos de pobreza en León (Nicaragua). Journal of Feminist, Gender and Women Studies, (5), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.15366/jfgws2017.5
- Rivas, E., Bonilla, E., Redondo, J., Panadero, S., & Vázquez, J. J. (2020b). Violencia de pareja e interposición de denuncias en mujeres víctimas en Nicaragua. Informes Psicológicos, 20(1), 131–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v20n1a09
- Rivas, E., Bonilla, E., & Vázquez, J. J. (2020a). Consequences of the exposure to abuse in the family of origin among victims of intimate partner violence in Nicaragua. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000374
- Rivas, E., Bonilla, E., & Vázquez, J. J. (2020c). Influence of the history of abuse and suicidal attempts behavior among women victims of violence in Nicaragua. Journal of Community Psychology, 48(2), 387–397. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22260
- Rivas, E., Panadero, S., Bonilla, E., Vázquez, R., & Vázquez, J. J. (2018). Influencia del apoyo social en el mantenimiento de la convivencia con el agresor en víctimas de violencia de género de León (Nicaragua). Informes Psicológicos, 18(1), 145–165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v18n1a08
- Rivas-Rivero, E., & Bonilla-Algovia, E. (2020). Salud mental y miedo a la separación en mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 11(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2020.01.035
- Salazar, M., & San Sebastian, M. (2014). Violence against women and unintended pregnancies in Nicaragua: A population-based multilevel study. BMC Women’s Health, 14(26), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-26
- Santos, A. G., & Monteiro, C. F. S. (2018). Domains of common mental disorders in women reporting intimate partner violence. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 26, e3099. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2740.3099
- Stewart, R., Umar, E., Tomenson, B., & Creed, F. (2014). Validation of the multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and relationship between social support, intimate partner violence and antenatal depression in Malawi. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-180
- Straus, M. M. A., Gelles, R. J., & Steinmetz, S. K. (Eds.). (1980). Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. Transaction Publishers.
- Suárez, A., Berríos, A., Bonilla, E. y., & Vázquez, J. J. (2018). Homeless people in Nicaragua: A point-in-time count in León. Journal of International Development, 30(1), 155–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3303
- Swailes, A. L., Lehman, E. B., Perry, A. N., & McCall-Hosenfeld, J. S. (2016). Intimate partner violence screening and counseling in the health care setting: Perception of provider-based discussions as a strategic response to IPV. Health Care for Women International, 37(7), 790–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2016.1140172
- Sylaska, K. M., & Edwards, K. M. (2014). Disclosure of intimate partner violence to informal social support network members: A review of the literature. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 15(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838013496335
- United Nations Development Program. (2010). Human development indices and indicators: 2018 statistical update. UNDP.
- Vargas, B. E., Villamil, V., Rodríguez, C., Pérez, J., & Cortés, J. (2011). Validación de la escala Kessler 10 (K-10) en la detección de depresión y ansiedad en el primer nivel de atención: Propiedades psicométricas. Salud Mental, 34(4), 323–331.
- Vázquez, J. J. (2016). The stigma of making a living from garbage: Meta-stereotypes of trash-pickers in León (Nicaragua). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12268
- Vázquez, J. J., Berríos, A. E., Bonilla, E., & Suarez, A. C. (2019). Homeless people in León (Nicaragua): Conceptualizing and measuring homelessness in a developing country. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 89(2), 296–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000336
- Vázquez, J. J., & Panadero, S. (2016). Chronicity and pseudo inheritance of social exclusion: Differences according to the poverty of the family of origin among trash pickers in León (Nicaragua). Human Rights Quarterly, 38(2), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2016.0037
- Vázquez, J. J., Panadero, S., & Rivas, E. (2015). Happiness among poor women victims of intimate partner violence in Nicaragua. Social Work in Public Health, 30(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2014.938389
- World Health Organization. (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/9789241564625/en/
- Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2