Perinatal women’s experiences of childbirth and parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative descriptive study

References

• Ajayi, K. V., Harvey, I. S., Panjwani, S., Uwak, I., Garney, W., & Page, R. L. (2021). Narrative analysis of childbearing experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. MCN. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 46(5), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aziz, A., Zork, N., Aubey, J. J., Baptiste, C. D., D’Alton, M. E., Emeruwa, U. N., Fuchs, K. M., Goffman, D., Gyamfi-Bannerman, C., Haythe, J. H., LaSala, A. P., Madden, N., Miller, E. C., Miller, R. S., Monk, C., Moroz, L., Ona, S., Ring, L. E., Sheen, J.-J., … Friedman, A. M. (2020). Telehealth for high-risk pregnancies in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Perinatology, 37(8), 800–808. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712121
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bogin, B., & Varea, C. (2020). COVID-19, crisis, and emotional stress: A biocultural perspective of their impact on growth and development for the next generation. American Journal of Human Biology: The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, 32(5), e23474. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23474
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, S. M., Doom, J. R., Lechuga-Pena, S., Watamura, S. E., & Koppels, T. (2020). Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110(Pt 2), 104699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatwin, J., Butler, D., Jones, J., James, L., Choucri, L., & McCarthy, R. (2021). Experiences of pregnant mothers using a social media based antenatal support service during the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK: Findings from a user survey. BMJ Open, 11(1), e040649. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040649
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deoni, S. C., Beauchemin, J., Volpe, A., & Dâ Sa, V. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early child cognitive development: Initial findings in a longitudinal observational study of child health. The Preprint Server for Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.10.21261846
   Google Scholar
• DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drouin, M., McDaniel, B. T., Pater, J., & Toscos, T. (2020). How parents and their children used social media and technology at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 23(11), 727–736. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes, D., Canavarro, M., & Moreira, H. (2021). Postpartum during COVID-19 pandemic: Portuguese mothers’ mental health, mindful parenting, and mother–infant bonding. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(9), 1997–2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gassman-Pines, A., Ananat, E. O., & Fitz-Henley, J. (2020). COVID-19 and parent-child psychological well-being. Pediatrics, 146(4), e2020007294. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-007294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, J., Staff, L., Bromley, P., Jones, L., & Petty, J. (2021). The implications of face masks for babies and families during the COVID-19 pandemic: A discussion paper. Journal of Neonatal Nursing : JNN, 27(1), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2020.10.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greene, N. H., Kilpatrick, S. J., Wong, M. S., Ozimek, J. A., & Naqvi, M. (2020). Impact of labor and delivery unit policy modifications on maternal and neonatal outcomes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 2(4), 100234. Advance online publication https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100234
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hernández-Galdamez, D. R., González-Block, M. Á., Romo-Dueñas, D. K., Lima-Morales, R., Hernández-Vicente, I. A., Lumbreras-Guzmán, M., & Méndez-Hernández, P. (2020). Increased risk of hospitalization and death in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing noncommunicable diseases and modifiable risk factors in Mexico. Archives of Medical Research, 51(7), 683–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jafari, M., Pormohammad, A., Sheikh Neshin, S. A., Ghorbani, S., Bose, D., Alimohammadi, S., Basirjafari, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasmussen-Ivey, C., Razizadeh, M. H., Nouri-Vaskeh, M., & Zarei, M. (2021). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and comparison with control patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Medical Virology, 31(5), 1–16. 10.1002/rmv.2208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joy, P.,Aston, M.,Price, S.,Sim, M.,Ollivier, R.,Benoit, B.,Akbari-Nassaji, N., &Iduye, D. (2020). Blessings and curses: Exploring the experiences of new mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Reports, 10(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep10020023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justman, N., Shahak, G., Gutzeit, O., Ben Zvi, D., Ginsberg, Y., Solt, I., Vitner, D., Beloosesky, R., Weiner, Z., & Zipori, Y. (2020). Lockdown with a price: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prenatal Care and perinatal outcomes in a tertiary care center. The Israel Medical Association Journal: IMAJ, 22(9), 533–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotlar, B., Gerson, E., Petrillo, S., Langer, A., & Tiemeier, H. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: A scoping review. Reproductive Health, 18(1), 10–39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01070-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. J., Ward, K. P., Chang, O. D., & Downing, K. M. (2021). Parenting activities and the transition to home-based education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and Youth Services Review, 122, 105585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1994). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Guo, N., Li, T., Zhuang, W., & Jiang, H. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms among women in Shanghai, China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 848–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchetti, D., Fontanesi, L., Di Giandomenico, S., Mazza, C., Roma, P., & Verrocchio, M. C. (2020). The effect of parent psychological distress on child hyperactivity/inattention during the COVID-19 lockdown: Testing the mediation of parent verbal hostility and child emotional symptoms. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 567052. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marroquín, B., Vine, V., & Morgan, R. (2020). Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of stay-at-home policies, social distancing behavior, and social resources. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollivier, R., Aston, D. M., Price, D. S., Sim, D. M., Benoit, D. B., Joy, D. P., Iduye, D., & Nassaji, N. A. (2021). Mental health & parental concerns during COVID-19: The experiences of new mothers amidst social isolation. Midwifery, 94, 102902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oskovi-Kaplan, Z. A., Buyuk, G. N., Ozgu-Erdinc, A. S., Keskin, H. L., Ozbas, A., & Moraloglu Tekin, O. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions on depression rates and maternal attachment in immediate postpartum women: A preliminary study. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 92(2), 675–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09843-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostacoli, L., Cosma, S., Bevilacqua, F., Berchialla, P., Bovetti, M., Carosso, A. R., Malandrone, F., Carletto, S., & Benedetto, C. (2020). Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03399-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, S. W., Henkhaus, L. E., Zickafoose, J. S., Lovell, K., Halvorson, A., Loch, S., Letterie, M., & Davis, M. M. (2020). Well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey. Pediatrics, 146(4), e2020016824. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-016824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce-Williams, R. A. M., Burd, J., Felder, L., Khoury, R., Bernstein, P. S., Avila, K., Penfield, C. A., Roman, A. S., DeBolt, C. A., Stone, J. L., Bianco, A., Kern-Goldberger, A. R., Hirshberg, A., Srinivas, S. K., Jayakumaran, J. S., Brandt, J. S., Anastasio, H., Birsner, M., O’Brien, D. S., … Berghella, V. (2020). Clinical course of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 in hospitalized pregnancies: A United States cohort study. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 2(3), 100134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes, A., Kheireddine, S., & Smith, A. D. (2020). Experiences, attitudes, and needs of users of a pregnancy and parenting App (Baby Buddy) during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mixed methods study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(12), e23157. https://doi.org/10.2196/23157
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sade, S., Sheiner, E., Wainstock, T., Hermon, N., Yaniv Salem, S., Kosef, T., Lanxner Battat, T., Oron, S., & Pariente, G. (2020). Risk for depressive Symptoms among hospitalized women in high-risk pregnancy units during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(8), 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin, B. M., & Kabakci, E. (2021). The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women and Birth, 34(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240x(200008)23:4 < 334::aid-nur9 > 3.0.co;2-g
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Setti, A., & Fasolo, M. (2021). Parenting stress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Socioeconomic and environmental risk factors and implications for children emotion regulation. Family Process, 60(2), 639–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinola, O., Liotti, M., Speranza, A. M., & Tambelli, R. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 epidemic lockdown on postpartum depressive symptoms in a sample of Italian mothers. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(17), 589916. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589916
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sweet, L., Bradfield, Z., Vasilevski, V., Wynter, K., Hauck, Y., Kuliukas, L., Homer, C. S. E., Szabo, R. A., & Wilson, A. N. (2021). Becoming a mother in the ‘new’ social world in Australia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Midwifery, 98, 102996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.102996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, E., & Magilvy, J. K. (2011). Qualitative rigor or research validity in qualitative research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 16(2), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00283.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne, S. (2016). Interpretive description: Qualitative research for applied practice. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Thorne, S., Kirkham, S. R., & O’Flynn-Magee, K. (2004). The analytic challenge in interpretive description. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 1–11. http://www.ualberta.ca/∼iiqm/backissues/3_1/pdf/thorneetal.pdf. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690400300101
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2021). Making childbirth a positive experience. Retrieved January 30, 2021, from https://www.who.int/activities/making-childbirth-a-positive-experience
   Google Scholar
• Wu, H., Sun, W., Huang, X., Yu, S., Wang, H., Bi, X., Sheng, J., Chen, S., Akinwunmi, B., Zhang, C., & Ming, W. K. (2020). Online antenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e19916. https://doi.org/10.2196/19916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Liu, J., Han, N., & Yin, J. (2021). Social media use, unhealthy lifestyles, and the risk of miscarriage among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: Prospective observational study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(1), e25241. https://doi.org/10.2196/25241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar