294
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The effect of forced-air warming in the cesarean section on maternal hypothermia, shivering, and thermal comfort: A randomized controlled trial

ORCID Icon, &
Received 28 Apr 2023, Accepted 03 Aug 2023, Published online: 11 Aug 2023

References

  • Abdel-Ghaffar, H. S., & Moeen, S. M. (2019). Prophylactic granisetron for post-spinal anesthesia shivering in cesarean section: A randomized controlled clinical study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 63(3), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.13084
  • Badjatia, N., Strongilis, E., Gordon, E., Prescutti, M., Fernandez, L., Fernandez, A., Buitrago, M., Schmidt, J. M., Ostapkovich, N. D., & Mayer, S. A. (2008). Metabolic impact of shivering during therapeutic temperature modulation: The bedside shivering assessment scale. Stroke, 39(12), 3242–3247. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.523654
  • Belayneh, T., Gebeyehu, A., & Abdissa, Z. (2014). Post-operative hypothermia in surgical patients at University of Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia. Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research, 5(461), 2–4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6148.1000461
  • Betran, A. P., Ye, J., Moller, A. B., Souza, J. P., & Zhang, J. (2021). Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: Global and regional estimates. BMJ Global Health, 6(6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005671
  • Betrán, A. P., Ye, J., Moller, A.-B., Zhang, J., Gülmezoglu, A. M., & Torloni, M. R. (2016). The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: Global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PloS One, 11(2), e0148343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148343
  • Bräuer, A., &Quintel, M. (2009). Forced-air warming: Technology, physical background and practical aspects. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 22(6), 769–774. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0b013e328331d134
  • Butwick, A. J., Lipman, S. S., & Carvalho, B. (2007). Intraoperative forced air-warming during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia does not prevent maternal hypothermia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 105(5), 1413–1419, table of contents. https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000286167.96410.27
  • Capogna, G., & Celleno, D. (1994). Improving epidural anesthesia during cesarean section: Causes of maternal discomfort or pain during surgery. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 3(3), 149–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-289X(94)90228-3
  • Carpenter, L., & Baysinger, C. L. (2012). Maintaining perioperative normothermia in the patient undergoing cesarean delivery. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 67(7), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0b013e3182605ccd
  • Chakladar, A., Dixon, M. J., Crook, D., & Harper, C. M. (2014). The effects of a resistive warming mattress during caesarean section: A randomised, controlled trial. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 23(4), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.06.003
  • Chung, S. H., Lee, B. S., Yang, H. J., Kweon, K. S., Kim, H. H., Song, J., & Shin, D. W. (2012). Effect of preoperative warming during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 62(5), 454–460. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2012.62.5.454
  • Cobb, B., Cho, Y., Hilton, G., Ting, V., & Carvalho, B. (2016). Active warming utilizing combined IV fluid and forced-air warming decreases hypothermia and improves maternal comfort during cesarean delivery: A randomized control trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 122(5), 1490–1497. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000001181
  • De Witte, J., & Sessler, D. I. (2002). Perioperative shivering, physiology and pharmacology. Anesthesiology, 96 (2), 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200202000-00036
  • Delgado, D. A., Lambert, B. S., Boutris, N., McCulloch, P. C., Robbins, A. B., Moreno, M. R., & Harris, J. D. (2018). Validation of digital visual analog scale pain scoring with a traditional paper-based visual analog scale in adults. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews, 2(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00088
  • Demir, S. C., & Güleç, Ü. K. (2014). Eylem ve Doğum. Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Fallis, W. M., Hamelin, K., Symonds, J., & Wang, X. (2006). Maternal and newborn outcomes related to maternal warming during cesarean delivery. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing: JOGNN, 35(3), 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1552-6909.2006.00052.x
  • Fényes, H. (2014). Gender role attitudes among higher education students in a Borderland Central-Eastern European Region Called “Partium”. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 4(2), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.203
  • Frank, S. M., Raja, S. N., Bulcao, C. F., & Goldstein, D. S. (1999). Relative contribution of core and cutaneous temperatures to thermal comfort and autonomic responses in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 86(5), 1588–1593. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPL.1999.86.5.1588
  • Frank, S. M., Tran, K. M., Fleisher, L. A., & Elrahmany, H. K. (2000). Clinical importance of body temperature in the surgical patient. Journal of Thermal Biology, 25 (1–2), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00048-0
  • Geller, E. J., Wu, J. M., Jannelli, M. L., Nguyen, T. V., & Visco, A. G. (2010). Maternal outcomes associated with planned vaginal versus planned primary cesarean delivery. American Journal of Perinatology, 27(9), 675–683. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249765
  • Goyal, P., Kundra, S., Sharma, S., Grewal, A., Kaul, T. K., & Singh, M. R. (2011). Efficacy of intravenous fluid warming for maintenance of core temperature during lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Journal of Obstetric Anaesthesia and Critical Care, 1(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4472.93990
  • Günalp, G. S., & Tuncer, Z. S. (2007). Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum. Tanı ve Tedavi. Palme Yayıncılık.
  • Haas, D. M., Morgan, S., Contreras, K., & Kimball, S. (2020). Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007892.PUB7/ABSTRACT
  • Harper, C., Andrzejowski, J., & Alexander, R. (2008). NICE and warm.
  • Hess, P. E., Snowman, C. E., & Wang, J. (2005). Hypothermia after cesarean delivery and its reversal with lorazepam. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 14(4), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2005.02.004
  • Hooper, V. D., Chard, R., Clifford, T., Fetzer, S., Fossum, S., Godden, B., Martinez, E. A., Noble, K. A., O’Brien, D., Odom-Forren, J., Peterson, C., Ross, J., & Wilson, L. (2010). ASPAN’s evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the promotion of perioperative normothermia: Second edition. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing: Official Journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 25(6), 346–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2010.10.006
  • Horn, E. P., Bein, B., Steinfath, M., Ramaker, K., Buchloh, B., & Höcker, J. (2014). The incidence and prevention of hypothermia in newborn bonding after cesarean delivery: A randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 118(5), 997–1002. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000000160
  • Horn, E.-P., Schroeder, F., Gottschalk, A., Sessler, D. I., Hiltmeyer, N., Standl, T., & Schulte Esch, J. (2002). Active warming during cesarean delivery. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 94(2), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-200202000-00034
  • Jaiyeoba, O. (2012). Postoperative infections in obstetrics and gynecology. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 55(4), 904–913. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182714734
  • Jensen, D., Wallace, S., & Kelsay, P. (1994). LATCH: A breastfeeding charting system and documentation tool. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing: JOGNN, 23(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1994.tb01847.x
  • Jun, J.-H., Chung, M. H., Jun, I.-J., Kim, Y., Kim, H., Kim, J. H., Choi, Y. R., & Choi, E. M. (2019). Efficacy of forced-air warming and warmed intravenous fluid for prevention of hypothermia and shivering during caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia: A randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 36(6), 442–448. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000990
  • Kolcaba, K., & Wilson, L. (2002). Comfort care: A framework for perianesthesia nursing. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 17(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpan.2002.31657
  • Leeth, D., Mamaril, M., Oman, K. S., & Krumbach, B. (2010). Normothermia and patient comfort: A comparative study in an outpatient surgery setting. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : official Journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 25(3), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2010.03.010
  • Lema, G. F., Gebremedhn, E. G., Gebregzi, A. H., Desta, Y. T., & Kassa, A. A. (2017). Efficacy of intravenous tramadol and low-dose ketamine in the prevention of post-spinal anesthesia shivering following cesarean section: A double-blinded, randomized control trial. International Journal of Women’s Health, 9, 681–688. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S139655
  • Lopez, M. B. (2018). Postanaesthetic shivering - from pathophysiology to prevention. Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 25(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.21454/rjaic.7518.251.xum
  • Luggya, T. S., Kabuye, R. N., Mijumbi, C., Tindimwebwa, J. B., & Kintu, A. (2016). Prevalence, associated factors and treatment of post spinal shivering in a Sub-Saharan tertiary hospital: A prospective observational study. BMC Anesthesiology, 16(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-016-0268-0
  • Mendonça, F. T., Lucena, M. C. d., Quirino, R. S., Govêia, C. S., & Guimarães, G. M. N. (2019). Risk factors for postoperative hypothermia in the post-anesthetic care unit: A prospective prognostic pilot study. Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology, 69(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2018.10.001
  • Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gøtzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010). CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 340, c869. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c869
  • Mora, R., English, M. J. M., & Athienitis, A. K. (2001). Assessment of thermal comfort during surgical operations. ASHRAE Winter Meeting CD, Technical and Symposium Papers, May, 65–74.
  • Mpogoro, F. J., Mshana, S. E., Mirambo, M. M., Kidenya, B. R., Gumodoka, B., & Imirzalioglu, C. (2014). Incidence and predictors of surgical site infections following caesarean sections at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-3-25
  • Munday, J., Osborne, S., Yates, P., Sturgess, D., Jones, L., & Gosden, E. (2018). Preoperative warming versus no preoperative warming for maintenance of normothermia in women receiving intrathecal morphine for cesarean delivery: A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(1), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002026
  • NICE. (2016). Hypothermia: Prevention and management in adults having surgery. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, April 26.
  • OECD. (2017). Caesarean sections, in health at a glance 2017: OECD indicators. https://doi.org/10.1787/adc3c39f-en
  • Paris, L. G., Seitz, M., Mcelroy, K. G., & Regan, M. (2014). A randomized controlled trial to improve outcomes utilizing various warming techniques during cesarean birth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing: JOGNN, 43(6), 719–728. https://doi.org/10.1111/1552-6909.12510
  • Peeters, L., Dear, R. d., Hensen, J., & D’haeseleer, W. (2009). Thermal comfort in residential buildings: Comfort values and scales for building energy simulation. In Applied Energy, 86Issue (5), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.07.011
  • Perry, S. (2017). Study guide for maternal child nursing care (D. W. Shannon E. Perry, Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk, Marilyn J. Hockenberry, Eds.).
  • Petsas, A., Vollmer, H., & Barnes, R. (2009). Peri-operative warming in Caesarean sections. Anaesthesia, 64(8), 921–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06026.x
  • Rajagopalan, S., Mascha, E., Na, J., & Sessler, D. I. (2008). The effects of mild perioperative hypothermia on blood loss and transfusion requirement. Anesthesiology, 108(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000296719.73450.52
  • Sahin, A., & Aypar, U. (2002). Effect of amino acid solutions on intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 46(1), 64–67. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0001-5172.2001.00000.x-i3
  • Sessler, D. I. (2001). Complications and treatment of mild hypothermia. Anesthesiology, 95(2), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200108000-00040
  • Smaill, F. M., & Grivell, R. M. (2014). Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007482.PUB3/FULL
  • Sultan, P., Habib, A. S., Cho, Y., & Carvalho, B. (2015). The Effect of patient warming during Caesarean delivery on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 115(4), 500–510. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aev325
  • Uzun, G., Mutluoglu, M., Evinc, R., Ozdemir, Y., & Sen, H. (2010). Severe burn injury associated with misuse of forced-air warming device. Journal of Anesthesia, 24(6), 980–981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-010-1031-1
  • Wagner, D., Byrne, M., & Kolcaba, K. (2006). Effects of comfort warming on preoperative patients. AORN Journal, 84(3), 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(06)63920-3
  • Warttig, S., Alderson, P., Campbell, G., & Smith, A. F. (2014). Interventions for treating inadvertent postoperative hypothermia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009892.PUB2/FULL
  • Woolnough, M., Allam, J., Hemingway, C., Cox, M., & Yentis, S. M. (2009). Intra-operative fluid warming in elective caesarean section: A blinded randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 18(4), 346–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.02.009
  • World Health Organization. (2015). WHO statement on caesarean section rates.
  • Yokoyama, K., Suzuki, M., Shimada, Y., Matsushima, T., Bito, H., & Sakamoto, A. (2009). Effect of administration of pre-warmed intravenous fluids on the frequency of hypothermia following spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 21(4), 242–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2008.12.010

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.