Reporting to the police in western nations: A theoretical analysis of the effects of social context

REFERENCES

• Addington , L.A. , Ruddy , S.A. , Miller , A.K. and DeVoe , J.F. 2002 . Are America's schools safe? Students speak out: 1999 School Crime Supplement , Washington, DC : NCES . (NCES 2002-331)
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , E. 1999 . Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Avakame , E.F. , Fyfe , J.J. and McCoy , C. 1999 . “Did you call the police? What did they do?” An empirical assessment of Black's theory of mobilization of law . Justice Quarterly , 16 : 765 – 792 .
   Google Scholar
• Bachman , R. 1993 . Predicting the reporting of rape victimizations: Have rape reforms made a difference? . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 20 : 254 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachman , R. and Coker , A.L. 1995 . Police involvement in domestic violence: The interactive effects of victim injury, offender's history of violence, and race . Violence and Victims , 10 : 91 – 106 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baumer , E.P. 2002 . Neighborhood disadvantage and police notification by victims of violence . Criminology , 40 : 579 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker , T.E. and Randall , DM. 1994 . Validation of a measure of organizational citizenship behavior against an objective behavioral criterion . Educational & Psychological Measurement , 54 : 160 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Belsley , D.A. , Kuh , E. and Welsch , R.E. 1980 . Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity , New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , R.R. and Wiegand , R.B. 1994 . Observations on crime reporting in a developing nation . Criminology , 32 : 135 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biderman , A.D. and Lynch , J.P. 1981 . “ Recency bias in data on self-reported victimization ” . In American Statistical Association, proceedings of the Social Statistical Section, 1981 , Washington, DC : The American Statistical Association .
   Google Scholar
• Black , D.J. 1976 . The behavior of law , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bouten , E. , Goudriaan , H. and Nieuwbeerta , P. 2002 . “ Criminal victimization in seventeen industrialised countries ” . In Crime victimization in comparative perspective. Results from the International Crime Victims Survey, 1989–2000 , Edited by: Nieuwebeerta , P. 13 – 28 . The Hague : Boom Legal Publishers . In
   Google Scholar
• Cantor , D. and Lynch , J.P. 2000 . Self-report surveys as measures of crime and criminal victimization . Criminal Justice , 4 : 85 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , J. , Cox , B. and Langan , P. 1987 . Job activities and personal crime victimization . Social Science Research , 16 : 345 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conaway , M.R. and Lohr , S.L. 1994 . A longitudinal analysis of factors associated with reporting violent crimes to the police . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 10 : 23 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cretney , A. and Davis , G. 1995 . Punishing violence , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Felson , R.B. , Messner , S.F. and Hoskin , A.W. 1999 . The victim-offender relationship and calling the police in assaults . Criminology , 37 : 931 – 947 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felson , R.B. , Messner , S.F. , Hoskin , A.W. and Deane , G. 2002 . Reasons for reporting and not reporting domestic violence to the police . Criminology , 40 : 617 – 647 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman , G. 1979 . Patterns of victimization and notification . British Journal of Criminology , 19 : 146 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garofalo , J. , Siegel , L. and Laub , J. 1987 . School-related victimization among adolescents: An analysis of National Crime Survey narratives . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 3 : 321 – 337 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , R. and Macmillan , R. 1995 . The effect of victim-offender relationship on reporting crimes of violence against women . Canadian Journal of Criminology , 37 : 393 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , H. 1995 . Multilevel statistical models , 2nd edition , London : Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Gottfredson , M.R. and Hindelang , M.J. 1979 . A study of the behavior of law . American Sociological Review , 44 : 3 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg , M.S. and Ruback , R.B. 1992 . After the crime: Victim decision making , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg , S.W. , Rohe , W.M. and Williams , J.R. 1982 . Safe and secure neighborhoods: Physical characteristics and informal territorial control in high and low crime neighborhoods. Final report , Washington, DC : United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice .
   Google Scholar
• Hanson , R.F. , Resnick , H.S. , Saunders , B.E. , Kilpatrick , D.G. and Best , C.L. 1999 . Factors related to the reporting of childhood rape . Child Abuse and Neglect , 23 : 559 – 569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1980 . Culture's consequences. International differences in work-related values , Beverly Hills/London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Kalish , C.B. 1974 . “ Crimes and victims: A report on the Dayton-San Jose pilot survey of victimization ” . In Research Report, NCJ 13314 , Washington, DC : United States Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , U. , Triandis , H.C. , Kˆağitçibaşi , Ç. , Choi , S.C. and Yoon , G. , eds. 1994 . Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Klinger , D.A. and Bridges , G.S. 1997 . Measurement error in calls-for-service as an indicator of crime . Criminology , 35 : 705 – 726 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kury , H. , Teske , R.H.C. Jr. and Würger , M. 1999 . Reporting of crime to the police in the Federal Republic of Germany: A comparison of the old and the new lands . Justice Quarterly , 16 : 123 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , J.P. 1987 . Routine activity and victimization at work . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 3 : 283 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , J.P. 2002 . “ Effects of design differences on rate comparisons in the ICVS ” . In Crime victimization in comparative perspective. Results from the International Crime Victims Survey, 1989–2000 , Edited by: Nieuwbeerta , P. 431 – 457 . The Hague : Boom Legal Publishers . In
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , J.P. and Danner , M.J.E. 1993 . Offense seriousness scaling: The limits of the scenario method . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 9 : 309 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Maguire , M. 1982 . Burglary in a dwelling: The offence, the offender, and the victim , London : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Mayhew , P. 1993 . “ Reporting crime to the police: The contribution of victimization surveys ” . In Fear of Crime and Criminal Victimization , Edited by: Bilsky , W. , Pfeiffer , C. and Wetzels , P. 141 – 157 . Stuttgart : Enke Verlag . In
   Google Scholar
• Miller , P.V. and Groves , R. 1985 . Matching survey responses to official records: Validation in victimization reporting . Public Opinion Quarterly , 49 : 366 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasierowski , W. and Mikula , B. 1998 . Culture dimensions of Polish managers: Hofstede's indices . Organization Studies , 19 : 495 – 509 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwbeerta , P. , ed. 2002 . Crime victimization in comparative perspective. Results from the International Crime Victims Survey, 1989–2000 , The Hague : Boom Juridische uitgevers .
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development . 2001 . Insurance Statistics Yearbook 1992–1999 , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Orcutt , J.D. and Faison , R. 1988 . Sex-role attitude change and reporting of rape victimization, 1973–1985 . Sociological Quarterly , 29 : 589 – 604 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson , L.G.W. 1980 . Hidden criminality: Theoretical and methodological problems, empirical results , Stockholm : University of Stockholm .
   Google Scholar
• Pino , N.W. and Meier , R.F. 1999 . Gender differences in rape reporting . Sex Roles , 40 : 979 – 990 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasbash J. Browne W. Goldstein H. Yang M. Plewis I. et al. A user's guide to MLwiN Institute of Education London 2000
   Google Scholar
• Rossi , P.H. , Berk , R.A. and Eidson , B.K. 1974 . The roots of urban discontent: Public policy, municipal institutions, and the ghetto , New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Ruback , R.B. 1993 . Comment on Bachman (1993): The victim-offender relationship does affect victims' decisions to report sexual assaults . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 20 : 271 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruback , R.B. , Ménard , K.S. , Outlaw , M.S. and Shaffer , J.N. 1999 . Normative advice to campus crime victims: Effects of gender, age, and alcohol . Violence and Victims , 14 : 381 – 396 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schneider , A. 1977 . The Portland Forward Records Check of Crime Victims: Final report , Eugene : Oregon Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , S.I. 1988 . The fear of reprisal and the failure of victims to report a personal crime . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 4 : 289 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Skogan , W.G. 1976 . Citizen reporting of crime: Some national panel data . Criminology , 13 : 535 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogan , W.G. 1984 . Reporting crimes to the police: The status of world research . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 21 : 113 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogan , W.G. and Maxfield , M.G. 1981 . Coping with crime: Individual and neighborhood reactions , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. and Maness , D. 1976 . “ The decision to call the police: Reactions to burglary ” . In Criminal justice and the victim , Edited by: McDonald , W. 57 – 83 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage Publications . In
   Google Scholar
• Smith , S.K. , Steadman , G.W. , Minton , T.D. and Townsend , M. 1999 . Criminal victimization and perceptions of community safety in 12 cities, 1998 , Washington, DC : United States Department of Justice .
   Google Scholar
• Snijders , T.A.B. and Bosker , R.J. 1999 . Multilevel analysis. An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling , London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Søndergaard , M. 1994 . Research note: Hofstede's consequences: a study of reviews, citations and replications . Organization Studies , 15 : 447 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks , R.F. , Genn , H.G. and Dodd , D.J. 1977 . Surveying victims: A study of the measurement of criminal victimization, perceptions of crime, and attitudes to criminal justice , New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , J. 1996 . Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences , 3rd ed. , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. 2000 . Breaking away from broken windows: Baltimore neighborhoods and the nation-wide fight against crime, grime, fear, and decline , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Triandis , H.C. 1990 . “ Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism ” . In Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1989 , Edited by: Berman , J. 41 – 133 . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Triandis , H.C. 1995 . Individualism and collectivism , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk , J.J.M. and Mayhew , P. 1992 . Criminal victimization in the industrialized world: Key findings from the International Crime Victimization Survey 1989 and 1992 , The Hague : Ministry of Justice, Departent of Crime Prevention .
   Google Scholar
• Van Kesteren , J. , Mayhew , P. and Nieuwbeerta , P. 2000 . Criminal victimisation in seventeen industrialised countries. Key findings from the 2000 International Crime Victims Survey , The Hague : WODC .
   Google Scholar
• Van Oudenhoven , J.P.L.M. 2001 . Do organizations reflect national cultures? A 10-nation study . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 25 : 89 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Yoo , B. and Donthu , N. 1998 . “ Validating Hofstede's model at the individual level ” . In Proceedings of American Marketing Association, Summer Educators Conference Vol. 83 , Boston, MA
   Google Scholar