1,806
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Becoming an Informant

Pages 203-220 | Published online: 14 Sep 2010

References

  • Adkins , T. E. 1987 . Informant polygraph testing . Polygraph , 16 (2) : 106 – 115 .
  • Adler , P. A. and Adler , P. 2008 . Constructions of deviance , (6th ed.) , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
  • Becker , H. 1953 . Becoming a marihuana user . American Journal of Sociology , 59 (3) : 235 – 242 .
  • Becker , H. 1963 . Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance , New York : Free Press .
  • Benson , M. L. 1985 . Denying the guilty mind: Accounting for involvement in a white‐collar crime . Criminology , 23 (4) : 589 – 599 .
  • Billingsley , R. , Nemitz , T. and Bean , P. , eds. 2001 . Informers: Policing, policy, practice , Cullompton, , UK : Willan .
  • Bloom , R. 2002 . Ratting: The use and abuse of informants in the American Justice System , Westport, CT : Praeger .
  • Blumer , H. 1969 . Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
  • Boulette , T. R. and Andersen , S. M. 1985 . Mind control and the battering of women . Community Mental Health Journal , 21 : 109 – 118 .
  • Brock‐Utne , B. 1985 . Educating for peace , New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Brown , E. 2007 . SNITCH: Informants, cooperators, and the corruption of justice , New York : Public Affairs Books .
  • Brown , M. F. 1985 . Criminal informants: Some observations on use, abuse, and control . Journal of Police Science and Administration , 13 (3) : 251 – 256 .
  • Chambliss , W. J. 1964 . The law of vagrancy . Social Problems , 12 : 67 – 77 .
  • Copes , H. , Hochstetler , A. and Williams , P. 2008 . I wasn’t no regular dope fiend: Affirming hustler identities with crack head contrasts . Social Problems , 55 : 254 – 270 .
  • Cromwell , P. F. 1996 . In their own words: Criminals on crime , Los Angeles : Roxbury .
  • Deflem , M. 2002 . Policing world society , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Denzin , N. K. 1978 . The research act , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Dintino , J. J. and Pagano , C. L. 1984 . Investigative function: Reassessing the quality of management . Police Chief , 51 (6) : 55 – 58 .
  • Dorn , N. , Murji , K. and South , N. 1992 . Traffickers: Drug markets and law enforcement , London : Routledge .
  • Drug Enforcement Administration . 1982 . Narcotics investigator’s manual , Boulder, CO : Paladin .
  • Dunningham , C. 1994 . Informers: A lesson to be learned . Criminal Justice Matters , 17 (12)
  • Fenk , D. L. 1990 . Confidential informants , Pierre, SD : South Dakota Attorney General’s Office .
  • Feyerabend , P. 1975 . Against method , New York : New Left Books .
  • Fitzgerald , D. 2007 . Informants and undercover investigations: A practical guide to law, policy, and procedure , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
  • Fleisher , M. S. 1995 . Beggars & thieves: Lives of urban street criminals , Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin Press .
  • Fuqua , P. 1978 . Drug abuse: Investigation and control , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Gardiner , P. A. 2002 . Criminal investigation’s use of confidential funds for undercover operations is appropriate; However, certain aspects of undercover operations need improvement , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice .
  • Geberth , V. J. 1979 . Confidential informant . Law and Order , 27 (6) : 38 – 41 .
  • Glaser , B. and Strauss , A. 1967 . The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research , Chicago : Aldine .
  • Goddard , D. 1988 . Undercover: The secret lives of a federal agent , New York : Times Books .
  • Goffman , E. 1959 . The presentation of self in everyday life , New York : Doubleday Anchor .
  • Goffman , E. 1963 . Stigma , Englewood Heights, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
  • Goffman , E. 1974 . Frame analysis , New York : Harper & Row .
  • Grieve , J. 1987 . Comparative police strategies for drug related crime , Cranfield, , UK : Cranfield Institute of Technology .
  • Harney , M. L. and Cross , J. C. 1968 . The informer in law enforcement , (2nd ed.) , Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas .
  • Hartley , R. D. , Maddan , S. and Spohn , C. 2007 . Prosecutorial discretion: An examination of substantial assistance departures in federal crack‐cocaine and powder‐cocaine cases . Justice Quarterly , 24 : 382 – 407 .
  • Hutchins , M. 2006 . Informants: Protecting their identity . Point of View: Journal of the Alameda District Attorney’s Office , Retrieved June 15, 2010, from http://le.alcoda.org/publications/point_of_view/2006
  • Jacobs , B. A. 1993a . Undercover deception clues: A case of restrictive deterrence . Criminology , 31 (2) : 281 – 299 .
  • Jacobs , B. A. 1993b . Getting narced: Neutralization of undercover identity discreditation . Deviant Behavior , 14 (3) : 187 – 208 .
  • Jacobs , B. A. 1997 . Contingent ties: Undercover drug officers’ use of informants . British Journal of Sociology , 48 (1) : 35 – 53 .
  • Janzen , S. 1992 . Informants and undercover investigations , Washington, DC : U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance .
  • Katel , P. 1995 . Justice: The trouble with informants . Newsweek , January 30 : 48
  • Katsampes , P. L. 1971 . Informants: Motivations and inducements . Police , 16 (4) : 52 – 53 .
  • Katz , H. A. 1990 . Developing and using underworld police informants , Washington, DC : National Institute of Justice/National Criminal Justice Reference Service Program .
  • Kleinman , D. M. 1980 . Out of the shadows and into the files: Who should control informants? . Police Magazine , 3 (6) : 36 – 44 .
  • Klenowski , P. , Copes , H. and Mullins , C. in press . Gender, identity, and accounts: How white‐collar offenders do gender when making sense of their crimes . Justice Quarterly , doi: DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2010.482536
  • Lee , G. D. 1993 . Drug informants: Motives, methods and management . Law Enforcement Bulletin , 62 (9) : 10 – 15 .
  • Lyman , M. D. 1987 . Narcotics and crime control , Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas .
  • Madinger , J. 1999 . Confidential informant: Law enforcement’s most valuable tool , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
  • Mallory , S. L. 2000 . Informants: Development and management , Incline Village, NV : Copperhouse .
  • Manning , P. K. 1977 . Police work: Essays on the social organization of policing , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Manning , P. K. 2004 . The narcs’ game: Organizational and informational limits on drug law enforcement , (2nd ed.) , Prospect Heights, IL : Waveland Press .
  • Maruna , S. and Copes , H. 2005 . What we have learned from five decades of neutralization theory research . Crime and Justice: A Review of Research , 32 : 221 – 320 .
  • Marx , G. T. 1985 . “ Who really gets stung? Some issues raised by the new police undercover work ” . In Moral issues in police work , Edited by: Elliston , F.A. and Feldberg , M. 99 – 128 . Totowa, NJ : Rowman and Allanheld .
  • Marx , G. T. 1988 . Undercover: Police surveillance in America , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • McCall , G. 1978 . Observing the law , New York : Free Press .
  • Miller , J. M. and Selva , L. H. 1994 . Drug enforcement’s double‐edged sword: An assessment of asset forfeiture programs . Justice Quarterly , 11 (2) : 313 – 335 .
  • Miller , T. May 21 1991 . “ 49 drug arrests bad for both sides ” . In Kansas City Star May 21 , 1
  • Mills , C.W. 1940 . Situated actions and vocabularies of motive . American Sociological Review , 5 (6) : 904 – 913 .
  • Mount , H. A. Jr. 1991 . Criminal informants: An administrator’s dream or nightmare . Prosecutor , 24 (4) : 23 – 26 .
  • Natapoff , A. 2004 . Snitching: The institutional and communal consequences . University of Cincinnati Law Review , 73 : 645 – 652 .
  • Natapoff , A. 2006 . Beyond unreliable: How snitches contribute to wrongful convictions . Golden Gate University Law Review , 37 : 107 – 116 .
  • Natapoff , A. 2009 . Snitching: Criminal informants and the erosion of American justice , New York : NYU Press .
  • Niederhoffer , A. 1969 . Behind the shield: The police in urban society , New York : Doubleday .
  • Nugent , H. , Leahy , F. J. and Connors , E. F. 1991 . Managing confidential informants , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice .
  • Osterburg , J. W. and Ward , R. H. 1992 . Criminal investigation: A method for reconstructing the past , Cincinnati, OH : Anderson .
  • Palmiotto , M. 1984 . Confidential informant: Management and control , Cincinnati, OH : Anderson .
  • Patton , M. Q. 1990 . Qualitative evaluation and research methods , (2nd ed.) , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Pfuhl , E. H. Jr. 1992 . The legitimation of snitching . Justice Quarterly , 9 (3) : 505 – 528 .
  • Poltilove , J. June 20 2009 . “ Rachel’s Law on confidential informants takes effect Wednesday ” . In The Tampa Tribune June 20 , Retrieved June 15, 2010, from http://www2.tbo.com/content/2009/jun/30/
  • Pritchard , M. and Laxton , E. 1978 . Busted! The sensational life story of an undercover hippie cop , London : Mirror Books .
  • Rosenbaum , D. P. 1989 . Enhancing citizen participation and solving serious crime: A national evaluation of Crime Stoppers programs . Crime & Delinquency , 35 : 401 – 420 .
  • Rosenfeld , R. , Jacobs , B. and Wright , R. 2003 . Snitching and the code of the street . British Journal of Criminology , 43 : 291 – 309 .
  • Rothman , M. and Grandossy , R. F. 1982 . Sad tales: The accounts of white‐collar defendants and the decision to sanction . Pacific Sociological Review , 4 : 449 – 473 .
  • Schneider , S. K. 2008 . Art of darkness: Street acting by undercover operators, con men, and others , Chicago, IL : Cuneiform Books .
  • Schreiber , A. J. 2001 . Dealing with the devil: An examination of the FBI’s troubled relationship with its confidential informants . Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems , 34 (4) : 301 – 368 .
  • Scott , M. B. and Lyman , S. M. 1968 . Accounts . American Sociological Review , 33 : 46 – 62 .
  • Scully , D. and Marolla , J. 1984 . Convicted rapists’ vocabulary of motive . Social Problems , 31 (5) : 110 – 123 .
  • Shover , N. 1971 . “ Burglary as an occupation (Dissertation) ” . University of Illinois, 1971 .
  • Shover , N. 1985 . Aging criminals , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Skolnick , J. H. 1966 . Justice without trial: Law enforcement in democratic society , New York : John Wiley .
  • Sutherland , E. H. 1937 . The professional thief , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Sykes , G. M. and Matza , D. 1957 . Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency . American Sociological Review , 22 : 664 – 670 .
  • Topalli , V. 2005 . When being good is bad: An expansion of neutralization theory . Criminology , 43 (3) : 797 – 836 .
  • Tunnell , K. D. 1992 . Choosing crime: The criminal calculus of property offenders , Chicago : Nelson‐Hall .
  • U.S. Department of Justice . 2005 . The Drug Enforcement Administration’s payments to confidential sources , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice .
  • Watters , J. and Biernacki , P. 1989 . Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations . Social Problems , 36 : 416 – 430 .
  • Westley , W. A. 1956 . Secrecy and the police . Social Forces , 34 : 254 – 257 .
  • Williams , J. R. and Guess , L. L. 1981 . The informant: A narcotics enforcement dilemma . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 13 (3) : 235 – 245 .
  • Wilson , J. Q. 1968 . Varieties of police behavior , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Wisotsky , S. 1986 . Breaking the impasse in the war on drugs , Westport, CN : Greenwood Press .
  • Worrall , J. L. 2001 . Addicted to the drug war: The role of civil asset forfeiture as a budgetary necessity in contemporary law enforcement . Journal of Criminal Justice , 29 (3) : 171 – 187 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.