A Model of Job Stress and Burnout

REFERENCES

• Albrecht, T. L., Ircy, K. V. & Mundy, A. K. (1982). Integration in a communication network as a mediator of stress. Social Work, 27, 229–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amenta, M. (1984). Traits of hospice nurses compared with those who work in traditional settings. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 414–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baider, L. & Porath, S. (1981). Uncovering fear: Group experience of nurses in a cancer ward. International Journal of Nursing Standards, 18, 47–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barstow, J. (1980). Stress variance in hospice nursing. Nursing Outlook, 28, 751–754.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beehr, T. A. & Bhagat, R. S. (1985). Introduction to human stress and cognition in organizations. In T. A. Beehr & R. S. Bhagat (Eds.), Human stress and cognition in organizations: An integrated perspective (pp. 3–19). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buckingham, R. W. & Lupu, D. (1982). A comparative study of hospice services in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 72, 455–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carney, K. & Burns, N. (1985). Hospice care: Some insights on nature, demand, and cost. In L. Finn Paradis (Ed.), Hospice handbook: A guide for managers and planners (pp. 281–300). Rockville, MD, Aspen.
   Google Scholar
• Cherniss, C. (1980). Professional burnout in human service organizations. New York: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Chiriboga, D. A., Jenkins, G., & Bailey, J. (1983). Stress and coping among hospice nurses: Test of an analytic model. Nursing Research, 32, 294–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C. L. (1981). Social support at work and stress management. Small Group Behavior, 12, 285–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, S. (1985). The most stressful specialty? Nursing Minor, 161(18), 32–34.
   Google Scholar
• Edelwich, J. (1980). Burnout: Stages of disillusionment in the helping professions. New York: Human Sciences Press.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, M. A., Esbenson, M., & Jaffe, C. (1981). Expect the unexpected when you care for a dying patient. Nursing, 11(12), 55–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feigenberg, L. (1980). Terminal care: Friendship contracts with dying cancer patients. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Friel, M., & Tehan, C. B. (1980, August). Counteracting burn-out for the hospice care-given. Cancer Nursing, pp. 285–293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottlieb, B. H. (1983). Social support strategies: Guidelines for mental health practice. Beverly Hills: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Gray-Toft, P. (1980). Effectiveness of a counseling support program for hospice nurses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 346–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray-Toft, P. A., & Anderson, J. G. (1980, January 10–12). Sources of stress in nursing terminal patients in a hospice. Paper prepared for the National Health Symposium on the Role of the Community Hospital in Dealing with Life-Threatening Disease and Bereavement, Foundation of Thanatology, Bethlehem, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Gray-Toft, P. A., & Anderson, J. G. (1985). Organizational stress in the hospital: Development of a model for diagnosis and prediction. Health Services Research, 19, 753–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Kanner, A. D., Kafry, D., & Pines, A. (1978). Conspicuous in its absence: The lack of positive conditions as a source of stress. Journal of Human Stress, 4, 33–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lattanzi, M. E. (1981). Coping with work-related losses. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 59, 350–351.
   Google Scholar
• Lavandero, R. (1981). Burnout phenomenon: A descriptive study among nurses. American Journal of Nursing, 11(11–12), 17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Maslach, C. (1982). Burnout: The cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Mattar, C. D., & Frakes, K. (1983, November/December). The hospice philosophy, They bring out the best in you. Nursing Life, pp. 50–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McConnell, E. A. (1982). The burnout syndrome. In E. A. McConnell (Ed.), Burnout in the nursing profession: Coping strategies, causes, and costs (pp. 70–74). St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby.
   Google Scholar
• McLean, A. A. (1985). Work stress. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Mor, V., & Laliberte, L. (1984). Burnout among hospice staff. Health and Social Work, 9, 274–283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moser, D. H., & Krikorian, D. A. (1982). Satisfaction and stress incidents reported by hospice nurses: A pilot study. Nursing Leadership, 5(4), 9–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munley, A. (1983). The hospice alternative. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• National Hospice Organization. (1985a, March). NHO Newsletter.
   Google Scholar
• National Hospice Organization. (1985b, January). NHO Newsletter.
   Google Scholar
• Pines, A. M., Aronson, E., & Kafry, D. (1981). Burnout: From tedium to personal growth. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pines, A., & Kafry, D. (1978). Occupational tedium in social services. Social Work, 23, 499–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pines, A., & Maslach, C. (1978). Characteristics of staff burnout in mental health settings. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 29, 233–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ray, E. B. (1983a). Identifying job stress in a human service organization. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 11, 109–119.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, E. B. (1983b). Job burnout from a communication perspective. In R. N. Bostrom (Ed.), Communication yearbook, 7, (pp. 738–755). Beverly Hills: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, E. B. (1986). Communication network roles as mediators of job stress and burnout: Case studies of two organizations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, E. B. (1987). Support relationships and occupational stress in the workplace. In T. L. Albrecht & M. Adelman (Eds.), Communicating social support: Process in context. Beverly Hills: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, E. B., Waldhart, E. S. & Seibert, J. H. (1985). Communication networks and job stress among teachers. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Speech Communication Association, Winston-Salem, NC.
   Google Scholar
• Reisetter, K. H., & Thomas, B. (1986). Nursing care of the dying: Its relationship to selected nurse characteristics. International Journal of Nursing Standards, 25(1), 39–50.
   Google Scholar
• Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Shubin S. (1979). Rx for stress—your stress. Nursing, 9(1), 52–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silbert, D. (1985). Assessing volunteer satisfaction in hospice work: Protection of an investment. The American Journal of Hospice Care, 2, 36–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Storlie, F. J. (1982). Burnout: The elaboration of a concept. In E. A. McConnell (Ed.), Burnout in the nursing profession: Coping strategies, causes, and costs (pp. 81–85). St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. B., & Gideon, M. (1981). Day in and day out you minister to others. Nursing, 11(10), 58–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas, V. M. (1983). Hospice nursing-reaping the rewards, dealing with the stress. Geriatric Nursing, 4(11), 22–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torrens, P. R. (1984). Hospice programs public policy. Chicago: American Hospital Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Turnipseed, D. L. (1985, November). Burnout syndrome and personality factors of health care professionals with hospice duty. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Hospice Organization, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Vachon, M. L. S. (1979). Staff stress in care of the terminally ill. Quality Review Bulletin, 5(5), 13–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vachon, M. L. S., Lyall, W. A. L. & Freeman, S. J. J. (1978). Measurement and management of stress in health professionals working with advanced cancer patients. Death Education, 1, 365–375.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weisman, A. D. (1981). Understanding the cancer patient: The syndrome of caregiver’s plight. Psychiatry, 44, 161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, D. C., & English, D. J. (1980, July). An assessment of the existing staffing patterns and personnel required in a hospice to deliver interdisciplinary patient care and the problems related to delivering humanistic care to hospice (DHEW Contract No. HRA 232–79-0082). Hyattsville, MD: Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Yancik, R. (1984a). Coping with hospice work stress. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2(2), 19–35.
   Google Scholar
• Yancik, R. (1984b). Source of stress for hospice staff. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2(1), 21–31.
   Google Scholar
• Yasko, J. M. (1983). Variables which predict burnout experienced by oncology nurse specialists. Cancer Nursing, 6, 109–116.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar