Publication Cover
Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 36, 2019 - Issue 5
469
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Systemic oscillator-driven and nutrient-responsive hormonal regulation of daily expression rhythms for gluconeogenic enzyme genes in the mouse liver

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 591-615 | Received 31 Aug 2018, Accepted 11 Jan 2019, Published online: 03 Feb 2019

References

  • Andreotti F, Kluft C. 1991. Circadian variation of fibrinolytic activity in blood. Chronobiol Int. 8:336–51.
  • Antras-Ferry J, Le Bigot G, Robin P, Robin D, Forest C. 1994. Stimulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression by fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 203:385–91.
  • Arden C, Tudhope SJ, Petrie JL, Al-Oanzi ZH, Cullen KS, Lange AJ, Towle HC, Agius L. 2012. Fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate is essential for glucose-regulated gene transcription of glucose-6-phosphatase and other ChREBP target genes in hepatocytes. Biochem J. 443:111–23.
  • Argaud D, Kirby TL, Newgard CB, Lange AJ. 1997. Stimulation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression by glucose and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. J Biol Chem. 272:12854–61.
  • Atkinson HC, Wood SA, Kershaw YM, Bate E, Lightman SL. 2006. Diurnal variation in the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the male rat to noise stress. J Neuroendocrinol. 18:526–33.
  • Azzout-Marniche D, Gaudichon C, Blouet C, Bos C, Mathé V, Huneau JF, Tomé D. 2007. Liver glyconeogenesis: a pathway to cope with postprandial amino acid excess in high-protein fed rats? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 292:R1400–7.
  • Banerjee RR, Rangwala SM, Shapiro JS, Rich AS, Rhoades B, Qi Y, Wang J, Rajala MW, Pocai A, Scherer PE, et al. 2004. Regulation of fasted blood glucose by resistin. Science. 303:1195–98.
  • Barnea M, Madar Z, Froy O. 2009. High-fat diet delays and fasting advances the circadian expression of adiponectin signaling components in mouse liver. Endocrinology. 150:161–68.
  • Bartels H, Herbort H, Jungermann K. 1990. Predominant periportal expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and tyrosine aminotransferase genes in rat live: dynamics during the daily feeding rhythm and starvation-refeeding cycle demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Histochemistry. 94:637–44.
  • Boshart M, Nitsch D, Schutz G. 1993. Extinction of gene expression in somatic cell hybrids: a reflection of important regulatory mechanisms? Trends Genet. 9:240–45.
  • Budick-Harmelin N, Anavi S, Madar Z, Tirosh O. 2012. Fatty acids-stress attenuates gluconeogenesis induction and glucose production in primary hepatocytes. Lipids Health Dis. 11:66.
  • Bunger MK, Wilsbacher LD, Moran SM, Clendenin C, Radcliffe LA, Hogenesch JB, Simon MC, Takahashi JS, Bradfield CA. 2000. Mop3 is an essential component of the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. Cell. 103:1009–17.
  • Campbell JE, Drucker DJ. 2013. Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action. Cell Metab. 17:819–37.
  • Cho H, Zhao X, Hatori M, Yu RT, Barish GD, Lam MT, Chong LW, Ditacchio L, Atkins AR, Glass CK, et al. 2012. Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by REV-ERB-α and REV-ERB-β. Nature. 485:123–27.
  • Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 162:156–59.
  • Chotechuang N, Azzout-Marniche D, Bos C, Chaumontet C, Gausserès N, Steiler T, Gaudichon C, Tomé D. 2009. mTOR, AMPK, and GCN2 coordinate the adaptation of hepatic energy metabolic pathways in response to protein intake in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 297:E1313–23.
  • Collins QF, Xiong Y, Jr EG L, Liu HY, Cao W. 2006. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates free fatty acid-induced gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem. 281:24336–44.
  • Conway-Campbell BL, Pooley JR, Hager GL, Lightman SL. 2012. Molecular dynamics of ultradian glucocorticoid receptor action. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 348:383–93.
  • Croniger CM, Chakravarty K, Olswang Y, Cassuto H, Reshef L, Hanson RW. 2002. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase revisited: II. control of PEPCK-C gene expression. Biochem Mol Biol Edu. 30:353–62.
  • Damiola F, Le Minh N, Preitner N, Kornmann B, Fleury-Olela F, Schibler U. 2000. Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev. 14:2950–61.
  • Dellas C, Loskutoff DJ. 2005. Historical analysis of PAI-1 from its discovery to its potential role in cell motility and disease. Thromb Haemost. 93:631–40.
  • Diakogiannaki E, Gribble FM, Reimann F. 2012. Nutrient detection by incretin hormone secreting cells. Physiol Behav. 106:387–93.
  • Dickmeis T, Weger BD, Weger M. 2013. The circadian clock and glucocorticoids: interactions across many time scales. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 380:2–15.
  • Doi R, Oishi K, Ishida N. 2010. CLOCK regulates circadian rhythms of hepatic glycogen synthesis through transcriptional activation of Gys2. J Biol Chem. 285:22114–21.
  • Duez H, van der Veen JN, Duhem C, Pourcet B, Touvier T, Fontaine C, Derudas B, Baugé E, Havinga R, Bloks VW, et al. 2008. Regulation of bile acid synthesis by the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα. Gastroenterology. 135:689–98.
  • Eckel-Mahan KL, Patel VR, De Mateo S, Orozco-Solis R, Ceglia NJ, Sahar S, Dilag-Penilla SA, Dyar KA, Baldi P, Sassone-Corsi P. 2013. Reprogramming of the circadian clock by nutritional challenge. Cell. 155:1464–78.
  • Egido EM, Rodriguez-Gallardo J, Silvestre RA, Marco J. 2002. Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion. Eur J Endocrinol. 146:241–44.
  • Elliott RM, Morgan LM, Tredger JA, Deacon S, Wright J, Marks V. 1993. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36)amideand glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion in response to nutrient ingestion in man: acute postprandial and 24-h secretion patterns. J Endocrinol. 138:159–66.
  • Furner RL, Feller DD. 1971. The influence of starvation upon hepatic drug metabolism in rats, mice, and guinea pigs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 137:816–19.
  • Gachon F, Loizides-Mangold U, Petrenko V, Dibner C. 2017. Glucose homeostasis: regulation by peripheral circadian clocks in rodents and humans. Endocrinology. 158:1074–84.
  • Gil-Lozano M, Mingomataj EL, Wu WK, Ridout SA, Brubaker PL. 2014. Circadian secretion of the intestinal hormone GLP-1 by the rodent L cell. Diabetes. 63:3674–85.
  • Guan D, Xiong Y, Borck PC, Jang C, Doulias P-T, Papazyan R, Fang B, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Briggs ER, et al. 2018. Diet-induced circadian enhancer remodeling synchronizes opposing hepatic lipid metabolic processes. Cell. 174:831–42.
  • Gylfe E, Gilon P. 2014. Glucose regulation of glucagon secretion. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 103:1–10.
  • Halberg F, Peterson RE, Silber RH. 1959. Phase relations of 24-hour periodicities in blood corticosterone, mitoses in cortical adrenal parenchyma, and total body activity. Endocrinology. 64:222–30.
  • Hara R, Wan K, Wakamatsu H, Aida R, Moriya T, Akiyama M, Shibata S. 2001. Restricted feeding entrains liver clock without participation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Cells. 6:269–78.
  • Hutton JC, O’Brien RM. 2009. Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit gene family. J Biol Chem. 284:29241–45.
  • Ipp E, Dobbs RE, Arimura A, Vale W, Harris V, Unger RH. 1977. Release of immunoreactive somatostatin from the pancreas in response to glucose, amino acids, pancreozymin cholecystokinin, and tolbutamide. J Clin Invest. 60:760–65.
  • Ishihara A, Matsumoto E, Horikawa K, Kudo T, Sakao E, Nemoto A, Iwase K, Sugiyama H, Tamura Y, Shibata S, et al. 2007. Multifactorial regulation of daily rhythms in expression of the metabolically responsive gene Spot14 in the mouse liver. J Biol Rhythms. 22:324–34.
  • Iwakura H, Kangawa K, Nakao K. 2015. The regulation of circulating ghrelin: with recent updates from cell-based assays. Endocr J. 62:107–22.
  • Jang H, Lee GY, Selby CP, Lee G, Jeon YG, Lee JH, Cheng KKY, Titchenell P, Birnbaum MJ, Xu A, et al. 2016. SREBP1c-CRY1 signalling represses hepatic glucose production by promoting FOXO1 degradation during refeeding. Nat Commun. 7:12180.
  • Jensen TL, Kiersgaard MK, Sorensen DB, Mikkelsen LF. 2013. Fasting of mice: a review. Lab Anim. 47:225–40.
  • Kahn CR, Lauris V, Koch S, Crettaz M, Granner DK. 1989. Acute and chronic regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA by insulin and glucose. Mol Endocrinol. 3:840–45.
  • Kalsbeek A, van der Spek R, Lei J, Endert E, Buijs RM, Fliers E. 2012. Circadian rhythms in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 349:20–29.
  • Karamanlis A, Chaikornin R, Doran S, Bellon M, Bartholomeusz FD, Wishart JM, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK. 2007. Effects of protein on glycemic and incretin responses and gastric emptying after oral glucose in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 86:1364–68.
  • Kato H, Saito M. 1980. Diurnal variations in response of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity to food intake. Biochim Biophys Acta. 627:109–11.
  • Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Furukawa M, Honda KK, Nakashima A, Ueshima T, Usui E, Katsura Y, Fujimoto K, Honma S, et al. 2006. Effects of fasting and re-feeding on the expression of Dec1, Per1, and other clock-related genes. J Biochem. 140:401–08.
  • Kennaway DJ, Owens JA, Voultsios A, Boden MJ, Varcoe TJ. 2007. Metabolic homeostasis in mice with disrupted Clock gene expression in peripheral tissues. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 293:R1528–37.
  • Kennaway DJ, Varcoe TJ, Voultsios A, Boden MJ. 2013. Global loss of Bmal1 expression alters adipose tissue hormones, gene expression and glucose metabolism. PLoS One. 8:e65255.
  • Kettner NM, Mayo SA, Hua J, Lee C, Moore DD, Fu L. 2015. Circadian dysfunction induces leptin resistance in mice. Cell Metab. 22:448–59.
  • King DP, Zhao Y, Sangoram AM, Wilsbacher LD, Tanaka M, Antoch MP, Steeves TD, Vitaterna MH, Kornhauser JM, Lowrey PL, et al. 1997. Positional cloning of the mouse circadian clock gene. Cell. 89:641–53.
  • Kobayashi H, Oishi K, Hanai S, Ishida N. 2004. Effect of feeding on peripheral circadian rhythms and behaviour in mammals. Genes Cells. 9:857–64.
  • Kohsaka A, Laposky AD, Ramsey KM, Estrada C, Joshu C, Kobayashi Y, Turek FW, Bass J. 2007. High-fat diet disrupts behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in mice. Cell Metab. 6:414–21.
  • Koike N, Yoo SH, Huang HC, Kumar V, Lee C, Kim TK, Takahashi JS. 2012. Transcriptional architecture and chromatin landscape of the core circadian clock in mammals. Science. 338:349–54.
  • Kornmann B, Schaad O, Bujard H, Takahashi JS, Schibler U. 2007. System-driven and oscillator-dependent circadian transcription in mice with a conditionally active liver clock. PLoS Biol. 5:179–89.
  • Kudo T, Nakayama E, Suzuki S, Akiyama M, Shibata S. 2004. Cholesterol diet enhances daily rhythm of Pai-1 mRNA in the mouse liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 287:E644–51.
  • Lamia KA, Papp SJ, Yu RT, Barish GD, Uhlenhaut NH, Jonker JW, Downes M, Evans RM. 2011. Cryptochromes mediate rhythmic repression of the glucocorticoid receptor. Nature. 480:552–56.
  • Lamia KA, Storch K-F, Weitz CJ. 2008. Physiological significance of a peripheral tissue circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:15172–77.
  • Le Martelot G, Claudel T, Gatfield D, Schaad O, Kornmann B, Lo Sasso G, Moschetta A, Schibler U. 2009. REV-ERBα participates in circadian SREBP signaling and bile acid homeostasis. PLoS Biol. 7:e1000181.
  • Lejeune MPGM, Westerterp KR, Adam TCM, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. 2006. Ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, 24-h satiety, and energy and substrate metabolism during a high-protein diet and measured in a respiration chamber. Am J Clin Nutr. 83:89–94.
  • Marcheva B, Ramsey KM, Buhr ED, Kobayashi Y, Su H, Ko CH, Ivanova G, Omura C, Mo S, Vitaterna MH, et al. 2010. Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes. Nature. 466:627–31.
  • Massillon D, Arinze IJ, Xu C, Bone F. 2003. Regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression in cultured hepatocytes and H4IIE cells by short-chain fatty acids: role of hepatic nuclear factor-4α. J Biol Chem. 278:40694–701.
  • Massillon D, Barzilai N, Chen W, Hu M, Rossetti L. 1996. Glucose regulates in vivo glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression in the liver of diabetic rats. J Biol Chem. 271:9871–74.
  • Massillon D, Barzilai N, Hawkins M, Prus-Wertheimer D, Rossetti L. 1997. Induction of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression by lipid infusion. Diabetes. 46:153–57.
  • Matsumoto E, Ishihara A, Tamai S, Nemoto A, Iwase K, Hiwasa T, Shibata S, Takiguchi M. 2010. Time of day and nutrients in feeding govern daily expression rhythms of the gene for sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 in the mouse liver. J Biol Chem. 285:33028–36.
  • Meyer S, Hoppner W, Seitz HJ. 1991. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects of glucose on liver phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase gene expression. Eur J Biochem. 202:985–91.
  • Meyer-Kovac J, Kolbe I, Ehrhardt L, Leliavski A, Husse J, Salinas G, Lingner T, Tsang AH, Barclay JL, Oster H. 2017. Hepatic gene therapy rescues high-fat diet responses in circadian Clock mutant mice. Mol Metab. 6:512–23.
  • Migeon CJ, Tyler FH, Mahoney JP, Florentin AA, Castle H, Bliss EL, Samuels LT. 1956. The diurnal variation of plasma levels and urinary excretion on 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in normal subjects, night workers and blind subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 16:622–33.
  • Mlekusch W, Paletta B, Truppe W, Paschke E, Grimus R. 1981. Plasma concentrations of glucose, corticosterone, glucagon and insulin and liver content of metabolic substrates and enzymes during starvation and additional hypoxia in the rat. Horm Metab Res. 13:612–14.
  • Newman MEJ. 2003. The structure and function of complex networks. SIAM Rev. 45:167–256.
  • Nitsch D, Boshart M, Schutz G. 1993. Activation of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene is dependent on synergy between liver-specific and hormone-responsive elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:5479–83.
  • O’Brien RM, Streeper RS, Ayala JE, Stadelmaier BT, Hornbuckle LA. 2001. Insulin-regulated gene expression. Biochem Soc Trans. 29:552–58.
  • Oishi K, Ohkura N, Kadota K, Kasamatsu M, Shibusawa K, Matsuda J, Machida K, Horie S, Ishida N. 2006. Clock mutation affects circadian regulation of circulating blood cells. J Circad Rhythms. 4:13.
  • Oishi K, Uchida D, Itoh N. 2012. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet affects rhythmic expression of gluconeogenic regulatory and circadian clock genes in mouse peripheral tissues. Chronobiol Int. 29:799–809.
  • Oliver P, Ribot J, Rodriguez AM, Sanchez J, Pico C, Palou A. 2006. Resistin as a putative modulator of insulin action in the daily feeding/fasting rhythm. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol. 452:260–67.
  • Ørskov C, Wettergren A, Holst JJ. 1996. Secretion of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide correlates with insulin secretion in normal man throughout the day. Scand J Gastroenterol. 31:665–70.
  • Petrenko V, Saini C, Giovannoni L, Gobet C, Sage D, Unser M, Heddad Masson M, Gu G, Bosco D, Gachon F, et al. 2017. Pancreatic alpha- and beta-cellular clocks have distinct molecular properties and impact on islet hormone secretion and gene expression. Genes Dev. 31:383–98.
  • Phillips LJ, Berry LJ. 1970. Circadian rhythm of mouse liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Am J Physiol. 218:1440–44.
  • Pipeleers DG, Schuit FC, Van Schravendijk CFH, Van De Winkel M. 1985. Interplay of nutrients and hormones in the regulation of glucagon release. Endocrinology. 117:817–23.
  • Pizarro A, Hayer K, Lahens NF, Hogenesch JB. 2013. CircaDB: a database of mammalian circadian gene expression profiles. Nucleic Acids Res. 41:D1009–13.
  • Raben A, Agerholm-Larsen L, Flint A, Holst JJ, Astrup A. 2003. Meals with similar energy densities but rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, or alcohol have different effects on energy expenditure and substrate metabolism but not on appetite and energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 77:91–100.
  • Rajala MW, Lin Y, Ranalletta M, Yang XM, Qian H, Gingerich R, Barzilai N, Scherer PE. 2002. Cell type-specific expression and coregulation of murine resistin and resistin-like molecule-α in adipose tissue. Mol Endocrinol. 16:1920–30.
  • Rajas F, Gautier A, Bady I, Montano S, Mithieux G. 2002. Polyunsaturated fatty acyl coenzyme a suppress the glucose-6-phosphatase promoter activity by modulating the DNA binding of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. J Biol Chem. 277:15736–44.
  • Reimer MK, Pacini G, Ahren B. 2003. Dose-dependent inhibition by ghrelin of insulin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology. 144:916–21.
  • Rey G, Cesbron F, Rougemont J, Reinke H, Brunner M, Naef F. 2011. Genome-wide and phase-specific DNA-binding rhythms of BMAL1 control circadian output functions in mouse liver. PLoS Biol. 9:e1000595.
  • Roubos EW, Dahmen M, Kozicz T, Xu L. 2012. Leptin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress axis. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 177:28–36.
  • Rudic RD, McNamara P, Curtis AM, Boston RC, Panda S, Hogenesch JB, FitzGerald GA. 2004. BMAL1 and CLOCK, two essential components of the circadian clock, are involved in glucose homeostasis. PLoS Biol. 2:e377.
  • Ruiter M, La Fleur SE, van Heijningen C, van der Vliet J, Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM. 2003. The daily rhythm in plasma glucagon concentrations in the rat is modulated by the biological clock and by feeding behavior. Diabetes. 52:1709–15.
  • Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Barcelo A, Pierola J, de la Pena M, Valls J, Barbe F. 2014. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on the 24-h metabolic hormone profile. Sleep Med. 15:625–30.
  • Scheer FAJL, Hilton MF, Mantzoros CS, Shea SA. 2009. Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:4453–58.
  • Scheer FAJL, Shea SA. 2014. Human circadian system causes a morning peak in prothrombotic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) independent of the sleep/wake cycle. Blood. 123:590–93.
  • Schmutz I, Ripperger JA, Baeriswyl-Aebischer S, Albrecht U. 2010. The mammalian clock component PERIOD2 coordinates circadian output by interaction with nuclear receptors. Genes Dev. 24:345–57.
  • Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B, Ideker T. 2003. Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 13:2498–504.
  • Shavlakadze T, Anwari T, Soffe Z, Cozens G, Mark PJ, Gondro C, Grounds MD. 2013. Impact of fasting on the rhythmic expression of myogenic and metabolic factors in skeletal muscle of adult mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 305:C26–35.
  • Shea SA, Hilton MF, Orlova C, Ayers RT, Mantzoros CS. 2005. Independent circadian and sleep/wake regulation of adipokines and glucose in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90:2537–44.
  • Shojima N, Sakoda H, Ogihara T, Fujishiro M, Katagiri H, Anai M, Onishi Y, Ono H, Inukai K, Abe M, et al. 2002. Humoral regulation of resistin expression in 3T3-L1 and mouse adipose cells. Diabetes. 51:1737–44.
  • Sokolovic M, Wehkamp D, Sokolovic A, Vermeulen J, Gilhuijs-Pederson LA, van Haaften RIM, Nikolsky Y, Evelo CTA, van Kampen AHC, Hakvoort TBM, et al. 2007. Fasting induces a biphasic adaptive metabolic response in murine small intestine. BMC Genom. 8:361.
  • Spencer SJ, Emmerzaal TL, Kozicz T, Andrews ZB. 2015. Ghrelin’s role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response: implications for mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 78:19–27.
  • Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, Patel HR, Ahima RS, Lazar MA. 2001. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 409:307–12.
  • Stokkan KA, Yamazaki S, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Menaker M. 2001. Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science. 291:490–93.
  • Storch KF, Lipan O, Leykin I, Viswanathan N, Davis FC, Wong WH, Weitz CJ. 2002. Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart. Nature. 417:78–83.
  • Tiedgen M, Seitz HJ. 1980. Dietary control of circadian variations in serum insulin, glucagon and hepatic cyclic AMP. J Nutr. 110:876–82.
  • Toledo M, Batista-Gonzalez A, Merheb E, Aoun ML, Tarabra E, Feng D, Sarparanta J, Merlo P, Botrè F, Schwartz GJ, et al. 2018. Autophagy regulates the liver clock and glucose metabolism by degrading Cry1. Cell Metab. 28:268–81.
  • Turek FW, Joshu C, Kohsaka A, Lin E, Ivanova G, McDearmon E, Laposky A, Losee-Olson S, Easton A, Jensen DR, et al. 2005. Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice. Science. 308:1043–45.
  • Van Cauter E, Blackman JD, Roland D, Spire JP, Refetoff S, Polonsky KS. 1991. Modulation of glucose regulation and insulin secretion by circadian rhythmicity and sleep. J Clin Invest. 88:934–42.
  • Van de Craen B, Declerck PJ, Gils A. 2012. The biochemistry, physiology and pathological roles of PAI-1 and the requirements for PAI-1 inhibition in vivo. Thromb Res. 130:576–85.
  • Veldhuis JD, Keenan DM, Pincus SM. 2008. Motivations and methods for analyzing pulsatile hormone secretion. Endocrine Rev. 29:823–64.
  • Wahren J, Ekberg K. 2007. Splanchnic regulation of glucose production. Annu Rev Nutr. 27:329–45.
  • Yanagihara H, Ando H, Hayashi Y, Obi Y, Fujimura A. 2006. High-fat feeding exerts minimal effects on rhythmic mRNA expression of clock genes in mouse peripheral tissues. Chronobiol Int. 23:905–14.
  • Yin L, Wu N, Curtin JC, Qatanani M, Szwergold NR, Reid RA, Waitt GM, Parks DJ, Pearce KH, Wisely GB, et al. 2007. Rev-erbα, a heme sensor that coordinates metabolic and circadian pathways. Science. 318:1786–89.
  • Zani F, Breasson L, Becattini B, Vukolic A, Montani JP, Albrecht U, Provenzani A, Ripperger JA, Solinas G. 2013. PER2 promotes glucose storage to liver glycogen during feeding and acute fasting by inducing Gys2 PTG and GL expression. Mol Metab. 2:292–305.
  • Zhang EE, Liu Y, Dentin R, Pongsawakul PY, Liu AC, Hirota T, Nusinow DA, Sun X, Landais S, Kodama Y, et al. 2010. Cryptochrome mediates circadian regulation of cAMP signaling and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Nat Med. 16:1152–56.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.