References
- Adamczak-Ratajczak A, Kupsz J, Owęcki M, Zielonka D, Sowińska A, Chęcińska-Maciejewska Z, Krauss H, Michalak S, Gibas-Dorna M. 2017. Circadian rhythms of melatonin and cortisol in manifest Huntington’s disease and in acute cortical ischemic stroke. J Physiol Pharmacol. 68:539–546. PMID: 29151070.
- Auld F, Maschauer EL, Morrison I, Skene DJ, Riha RL. 2017. Evidence for the efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of primary adult sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 34:10–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2016.06.005. PMID: 28648359.
- Benloucif S, Burgess HJ, Klerman EB, Lewy AJ, Middleton B, Murphy PJ, Parry BL, Revell VL. 2008. Measuring melatonin in humans. J Clin Sleep Med. 4:66–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.27083. PMID: 18350967.
- Benloucif S, Guico MJ, Reid KJ, Wolfe LF, L’hermite-balériaux M, Zee PC. 2005. Stability of melatonin and temperature as circadian phase markers and their relation to sleep times in humans. J Biol Rhythms. 20:178–188. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730404273983. PMID: 15834114.
- Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Hooton N, Pandya R, Tjosvold L, Hartling L, Vohra S, Klassen TP, Baker G. 2006. Efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and sleep disorders accompanying sleep restriction: Meta-analysis. BMJ. 332:385–393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38731.532766.F6. PMID: 16473858.
- Campbell SS, Murphy PJ, van Den Heuvel CJ, Roberts ML, Stauble TN. 1999. Etiology and treatment of intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 3:179–200. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1087-0792(99)90001-1. PMID: 15310474.
- Carvalho LA, Gorenstein C, Moreno R, Pariante C, Markus RP. 2009. Effect of antidepressants on melatonin metabolite in depressed patients. J Psychopharmacol. 23:315–321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108089871. PMID: 18562432.
- Cone EJ. 1993. Saliva testing for drugs of abuse. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 694:91–127. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18346.x. PMID: 8215090.
- Crowley SJ, Suh C, Molina TA, Fogg LF, Sharkey KM, Carskadon MA. 2016. Estimating the dim light melatonin onset of adolescents within a 6-h sampling window: The impact of sampling rate and threshold method. Sleep Med. 20:59–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.11.019. PMID: 27318227.
- Culnan E, McCullough LM, Wyatt JK. 2019. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake phase disorders. Neurol Clin. 37:527–543. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2019.04.003. PMID: 31256787.
- Cutando A, Gómez-Moreno G, Arana C, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Reiter RJ. 2007. Melatonin: Potential functions in the oral cavity. J Periodontol. 78:1094–1102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060396. PMID: 17539724.
- Darwish IA. 2006. Immunoassay methods and their applications in pharmaceutical analysis: basic methodology and recent advances. Int J Biomed Sci. 2: 217–235. PMID: 23674985.
- Deutschbein T, Broecker-Preuss M, Flitsch J, Jaeger A, Althoff R, Walz MK, Mann K, Petersenn S, et al. 2012. Salivary cortisol as a diagnostic tool for Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal insufficiency: Improved screening by an automatic immunoassay. Eur J Endocrinol. 166:613–618. doi:https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0945. PMID: 22214924.
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Scientific opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to melatonin and reduction of sleep onset latency (ID 1698, 1780, 4080) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA panel on dietetic products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). EFSA Journal. 9: 2241. Published 30 June 2011. doi:https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2241.
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). July 21 2011. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Guideline on bioanalytical method validation. (EMEA/CHMP/EWP/192217/2009 Rev. 1 Corr. 2**). London. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-bioanalytical-method-validation_en.pdf
- Faassen M, Bischoff R, Kema IP. 2017. Relationship between plasma and salivary melatonin and cortisol investigated by LC-MS/MS. Clin Chem Lab Med. 55:1340–1348. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2016-0817. PMID: 27997348.
- Fatima G, Sharma VP, Verma NS. 2016. Circadian variations in melatonin and cortisol in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 54:364–367. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2015.176. PMID: 26572605.
- Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH. 2013. Meta-analysis: Melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PLoS One. 8:e63773. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063773. PMID: 23691095.
- Gooneratne NS, Metlay JP, Guo W, Pack FM, Kapoor S, Pack AI. 2003. The validity and feasibility of saliva melatonin assessment in the elderly. J Pineal Res. 34:88–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2003.02945.x. PMID: 12562499.
- Heo JY, Kim K, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Papakostas GI, Kim MJ, Kim DJ, Chang KJ, Oh Y, Yu BH, et al. 2017. Effects of smartphone use with and without blue light at night in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled comparison. J Psychiatr Res. 87:61–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.010. PMID: 28017916.
- Jensen MA, Hansen AM, Abrahamsson P, Nørgaard AW. 2011. Development and evaluation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of salivary melatonin, cortisol and testosterone. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 879:2527–2532. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.005. PMID: 21803007.
- Keijzer H, Smits MG, Duffy JF, Curfs LM. 2014. Why the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) should be measured before treatment of patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 18:333–339. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2013.12.001. PMID: 24388969.
- Keijzer H, Smits MG, Peeters T, Looman CW, Endenburg SC, Gunnewiek JM. 2011. Evaluation of salivary melatonin measurements for dim light melatonin onset calculations in patients with possible sleep-wake rhythm disorders. Clin Chim Acta. 412:1616–1620. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.014. PMID: 21601566.
- Kennaway DJ. 2019. A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present. J Pineal Res. 67:e12572. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12572. PMID: 30919486.
- Kuczyńska J, Karaś-Ruszczyk K, Zakrzewska A, Dermanowski M, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I, Bieńkowski P, Konopko M, Dominiak M, Mierzejewski P. 2019. Comparison of plasma, saliva, and hair lamotrigine concentrations. Clin Biochem. 74:24–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.09.009. PMID: 31672648.
- Laakso ML, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Alila A, Stenberg D, Johansson G. 1990. Correlation between salivary and serum melatonin: Dependence on serum melatonin levels. J Pineal Res. 9:39–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079x.1990.tb00692.x. PMID: 2231272.
- Leibenluft E, Feldman-Naim S, Turner EH, Schwartz PJ, Wehr TA. 1996. Salivary and plasma measures of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 40:731–735. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)00488-2. PMID: 8894065.
- Lewy AJ, Cutler NL, Sack RL. 1999. The endogenous melatonin profile as a marker for circadian phase position. J Biol Rhythms. 14:227–236. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/074873099129000641. PMID: 10452335.
- Lewy AJ, Sack RL. 1989. The dim light melatonin onset as a marker for circadian phase position. Chronobiol Int. 6(1):93–102. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528909059144
- Manetti L, Rossi G, Grasso L, Raffaelli V, Scattina I, Del Sarto S, Cosottini M, Ianelli A, Gasperi M, Bogazzi F, et al. 2013. Usefulness of salivary cortisol in the diagnosis of hypercortisolism: Comparison with serum and urinary cortisol. Eur J Endocrinol. 168:315–321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-12-0685. PMID: 23211575.
- McIntyre IM, Norman TR, Burrows GD, Armstrong SM. 1987. Melatonin rhythm in human plasma and saliva. J Pineal Res. 4:177–183. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079x.1987.tb00854.x. PMID: 3598852.
- Molina TA, Burgess HJ. 2011. Calculating the dim light melatonin onset: The impact of threshold and sampling rate. Chronobiol Int. 28:714–718. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2011.597531. PMID: 21823817.
- Mundey K, Benloucif S, Harsanyi K, Dubocovich ML, Zee PC. 2005. Phase-dependent treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome with melatonin. Sleep. 28:1271–1278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/28.10.1271. PMID: 16295212.
- Nagtegaal JE, Kerkhof GA, Smits MG, Swart AC, Van Der Meer YG. 1998. Delayed sleep phase syndrome: A placebo-controlled cross-over study on the effects of melatonin administered five hours before the individual dim light melatonin onset. J Sleep Res. 7:135–143. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.1998.00102.x. PMID: 9682186.
- Nowak R, McMillen IC, Redman J, Short RV. 1987. The correlation between serum and salivary melatonin concentrations and urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulphate excretion rates: Two non-invasive techniques for monitoring human circadian rhythmicity. Clin Endocrinol. 27:445–452. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1987.tb01172.x. PMID: 3436070.
- Pandi-Perumal SR, Smits M, Spence W, Srinivasan V, Cardinali DP, Lowe AD, Kayumov L. 2007. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO): A tool for the analysis of circadian phase in human sleep and chronobiological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 31:1–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.020. PMID: 16884842.
- Pullman RE, Roepke SE, Duffy JF. 2012. Laboratory validation of an in-home method for assessing circadian phase using dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Sleep Med. 13:703–706. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.11.008. PMID: 22445311.
- Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, Bjorvatn B, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Colin AE, Garcia-Borreguero D, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, et al. 2017. European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. J Sleep Res. 26:675–700. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep2040030. PMID: 33118525.
- Sack RL, Auckley D, Auger RR, Carskadon MA, Wright KP Jr, Vitiello MV, Zhdanova IV. 2007. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: Part I, basic principles, shift work and jet lag disorders. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine review. Sleep. 30:1460–1483. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/30.11.1460. PMID: 18041480.
- Sletten TL, Segal AY, Flynn-Evans EE, Lockley SW, Rajaratnam SM. 2015. Inter-Individual differences in neurobehavioural impairment following sleep restriction are associated with circadian rhythm phase. PLoS One. 10:e0128273. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128273. PMID: 26043207.
- Stoschitzky K, Sakotnik A, Lercher P, Zweiker R, Maier R, Liebmann P, Lindner W. 1999. Influence of beta-blockers on melatonin release. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 55:111–115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050604. PMID: 10335905.
- Voultsios A, Kennaway DJ, Dawson D. 1997. Salivary melatonin as a circadian phase marker: Validation and comparison to plasma melatonin. J Biol Rhythms. 12:457–466. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/074873049701200507. PMID: 9376644.
- Wichniak A, Jankowski KS, Skalski M, Skwarło-Sońta K, Zawilska JB, Żarowski M, Poradowska E, Jernajczyk W. 2017. Treatment guidelines for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders of the polish sleep research society and the section of biological psychiatry of the polish psychiatric association. Part I. Physiology, assessment and therapeutic methods. Psychiatr Pol. 51:793–814. doi:https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/66810. PMID: 29289962.
- Zhao H, Wang Y, Jin Y, Liu S, Xu H, Lu X. 2016. Rapid and sensitive analysis of melatonin by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study in dogs. Asian J Pharm Sci. 11:273–280. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2015.08.004