Adapted Picture Exchange Communication System using tangible symbols for young learners with significant multiple disabilities

References

• Ali, E., MacFarland, S. Z., & Umbreit, J. (2011). Effectiveness of combining tangible symbols with the Picture Exchange Communication System to teach requesting skills to children with multiple disabilities including visual impairment. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 46, 425–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida, M., Piza, M., & LaMonica, D. (2005). Adaptation of the picture exchange communication system in a school context. Pro-fono: revista de atualizacao cientifica, 17, 233–240. doi:10.1590/s0104-56872005000200012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alsayedhassan, B., Banda, D. R., & Griffin-Shirley, N. (2016). A review of Picture Exchange Communication interventions implemented by parents and practitioners. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 38, 191–208. 1203135 doi:10.1080/07317107.2016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angermeier, K., Schlosser, R. W., Luiselli, J. K., Harrington, C., & Carter, B. (2008). Effects of iconicity on requesting with the Picture Exchange Communication System in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2, 430–446. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2007.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrios, B. A., & Hartmann, D. P. (1988). Recent developments in single-subject methodology: Methods for analyzing generalization, maintenance, and multicomponent treatments. In M. Hersen, R. M. Eisler, & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavior modification (Vol. 22, pp. 11–47). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. R. (2009). Research on the effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) has increased, but this review is not very systematic. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 3, 136–140. doi:10.1080/17489530903182228
   Google Scholar
• Bracken, M., & Rohrer, N. (2014). Using an adapted form of the Picture Exchange Communication System to increase independent requesting in deafblind adults with learning disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 269–277. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, S. M. (2005). The impact of congenital deafblindness on the struggle to symbolism. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 52, 233–251. doi:10.1080/10349120500252882
   Google Scholar
• Cosbey, J. E., & Johnston, S. (2006). Using a single-switch voice output communication aid to increase social access for children with severe disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 31, 144–156. doi:10.1177/154079690603100207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Didden, R. (2012). Participant and intervention characteristics influence the effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) for children with ASD. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 6, 174–176. doi:10.1080/17489539.2013.771885
   Google Scholar
• Erickson, K. A., & Geist, L. A. (2016). The profiles of students with significant cognitive disabilities and complex communication needs. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985), 32, 187–197. doi:10.1080/07434618.2016.1213312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flippin, M., Reszka, S., & Watson, L. (2010). Effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on communication and speech for children with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19, 178–195. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, L., & Bondy, A. S. (2002). The Picture Exchange Communication System training manual (2nd ed.). Newark, DE: Pyramid Educational Products.
   Google Scholar
• Ganz, J. B., Davis, J. L., Lund, E. M., Goodwyn, F. D., & Simpson, R. L. (2012). Meta-analysis of PECS with individuals with ASD: Investigation of targeted versus non-targeted outcomes, participant characteristics, and implementation phase. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33, 406–418. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.09.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz, J. B., Earles-Vollrath, T. L., Heath, A. K., Parker, R., Rispoli, M. J., & Duran, J. (2012). A meta-analysis of single case research studies on aided augmentative and alternative communication systems with individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 60–74. doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1212-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz, J. B., Mason, R. A., Goodwyn, F. D., Boles, M. B., Heath, A. K., & Davis, J. L. (2014). Interaction of participant characteristics and type of AAC with individuals with ASD: A meta-analysis. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 119, 516–535. doi:10.1352/1944-7558-119.6.516
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hart, S. L., & Banda, D. R. (2010). Picture Exchange Communication System with individuals with developmental disabilities: A meta-analysis of single subject studies. Remedial and Special Education, 31, 476–488. doi:10.1177/0741932509338354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner, R. D., & Baer, D. M. (1978). Multiple-probe technique: A variation on the multiple baseline. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 189–196. doi:10.1901/jaba.1978.11-189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 165–179. doi:10.1177/001440290507100203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivy, S. E., Hatton, D. D., & Hooper, J. D. (2014). Using the Picture Exchange Communication System with students with visual impairment. Exceptional Children, 80, 474–488. doi:10.1177/0014402914527239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb, R., Miller, D., Lamb, R., Akmal, T., & Hsiao, Y. (2018). Examination of the role of training and fidelity of implementation in the use of assistive communications for children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of the Picture Exchange Communication System. British Journal of Special Education, 45, 454–472. doi:10.1111/1467-8578.12243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, L. L., Fuller, D. R., & Arvidson, H. (Eds.). (1997). Augmentative and alternative communication: A handbook of principles and practices. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, S. K., & Troha, J. M. (2008). Teaching young people who are blind and have autism to make requests using a variation on the Picture Exchange Communication System with tactile symbols: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 719–730. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0439-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malandraki, G. A., & Okalidou, A. (2007). The application of PECS in a deaf child with Autism: A case study. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22, 23–32. doi:10.1177/10883576070220010301
   Google Scholar
• Parker, A., & Ivy, S. E. (2014). Communication development of children with visual impairments: A synthesis of intervention research. International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities: Current Issues in the Education of Students with Visual Impairments, 46, 101–143. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-420039-5.00006-X
   Google Scholar
• Parker, A. T. (2009). Measuring an adapted form of Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS) for young children with visual impairments and developmental disabilities (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX).
   Google Scholar
• Parker, A. T., Banda, D. R., Davidson, R. C., & Liu-Gitz, L. (2010). Adapting the Picture Exchange Communication System for a student with visual impairment and autism: A case study. Research and Practice in Visual Impairment and Blindness, 3, 2–11.
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, T., Poppe, K. J., Conlin, K., & Jahnel, K. (2005). Tactile connections kit: Symbols for communication. Louisville, KY: American Printing House for the Blind.
   Google Scholar
• Preston, D., & Carter, M. (2009). A review of the efficacy of the Picture Exchange Communication System intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1471–1486. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0763-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavendra, R. (2011). PECS promotes functional communication; however, more research is needed to investigate its efficacy in Phases IV to VI and its impact on speech and functional communication across contexts. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 5, 7–10. doi:10.1080/17489539.2011.586886
   Google Scholar
• Roche, L., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G. E., O’Reilly, M. F., Green, V. A., Sutherland, D., … Edrisinha, C. D. (2014). Tangible symbols as an AAC option for individuals with developmental disabilities: A systematic review of intervention studies. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985), 30, 28–39. doi:10.3109/07434618.2013.878958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland, C., & Schweigert, P. (1989). Tangible symbols: Symbolic communication for individuals with multisensory impairments. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 5, 226–234. doi:10.1080/07434618912331275276
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R. W. (1999). Social validation of interventions in augmentative and alternative communication. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 15, 234–247. doi:10.1080/07434619912331278775
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R. W. (2002). On the importance of being earnest about treatment integrity. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 18, 36–44. doi:10.1080/aac.18.1.36.44
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R. W., & Braun, U. (1994). Efficacy of AAC interventions: Methodologic issues in evaluating behavior change, generalization, and effects. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 10, 207–223. doi:10.1080/07434619412331276920
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R. W., & Lee, D. (2000). Promoting generalization and maintenance in augmentative and alternative communication: A meta-analysis of 20 years of effectiveness research. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 16, 208–227. doi:10.1080/07434610012331279074
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R. W., & Sigafoos, J. (2008). Editorial: Identifying ‘evidence-based practice’ versus empirically supported treatment. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2, 61–62. doi:10.1080/17489530802308924
   Google Scholar
• Sigafoos, J., Didden, R., Schlosser, R., Green, V. A., O’Reilly, M. F., & Lancioni, G. E. (2008). A review of intervention studies on teaching AAC to individuals who are deaf and blind. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 20, 71–99. doi:10.1007/s10882-007-9081-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, R. L. (2011). Meta-Analysis supports Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) as a promising method for improving communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorders. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 5, 3–6. doi:10.1080/17489539.2011.570011
   Google Scholar
• Simacek, J., Pennington, B., Reichle, J., & Parker-McGowan, Q. (2018). Aided AAC for people with severe to profound and multiple disabilities: A systematic review of interventions and treatment intensity. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2, 100–115. doi:10.1007/s41252-017-0050-4
   Google Scholar
• Stokes, T. F., & Baer, D. M. (1977). An implicit technology of generalization. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 349–367. doi:10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tincani, M., & Devis, K. (2011). Quantitative synthesis and component analysis of single-participant studies on the Picture Exchange Communication System. Remedial and Special Education, 32, 458–470. doi:10.1177/0741932510362494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trief, E., Bruce, S., Cascella, P., & Ivy, S. (2009). The development of a universal tangible symbol system. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 103, 425–430. doi:10.1177/0145482X0910300706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trief, E., Cascella, P. W., & Bruce, S. M. (2013). A field study of a standardized tangible symbol system for learners who are visually impaired and have multiple disabilities. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 107, 180–188. doi:10.1177/0145482X1310700303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, What Works Clearinghouse (2017). Standards handbook (Version 4.0). Retrieved from https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/Docs/referenceresources/wwc_standards_handbook_v4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Walker, V. L., & Snell, M. E. (2013). Effects of augmentative and alternative communication on challenging behavior: A meta-analysis. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985), 29, 117–131. doi:10.3109/07434618.2013.785020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, E. J., Meads, D., Lynch, Y., Randall, N., Judge, S., Goldbart, J., … Murray, J. (2019). What's important in AAC decision making for children? Evidence from a best-worst scaling survey. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985), 35, 80–94. doi:10.1080/07434618.2018.1561750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendt, O., & Boesch, M. C. (2010). Systematic review documents PECS effectiveness for exchange-based outcome variables, but effects on speech, social or challenging behavior remain unclear. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 4, 55–61. doi:10.1080/17489531003771753
   Google Scholar
• Yoder, P. J., & Lieberman, R. G. (2010). Brief report: Randomized test of the efficacy of Picture Exchange Communication System on highly generalized picture exchanges in children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 629–632. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0897-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar