Ultrasonic Feature Prediction of Large-Number Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Clinically Node-Negative Solitary Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

References

• Chen AY, Jemal A, Ward EM. Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States, 1988-2005. Cancer. 2009;115(16):3801–3807. doi:10.1002/cncr.24416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(1):7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen BD, Zhang Z, Wang KK, et al. A multivariable model of BRAF(V600E) and ultrasonographic features for predicting the risk of central lymph node metastasis in cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Cancer Manage Res. 2019;11:7211–7217. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S199921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moo TA, Umunna B, Kato M, et al. Ipsilateral versus bilateral central neck lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2009;250(3):403–408. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b3adab.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shindo M, Wu JC, Park EE, et al. The importance of central compartment elective lymph node excision in the staging and treatment of papillary thyroid cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132(6):650–654. doi:10.1001/archotol.132.6.650.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feng JW, Yang XH, Wu BQ, et al. Predictive factors for central lymph node and lateral cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol. 2019;21(11):1482–1491. doi:10.1007/s12094-019-02076-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Deng Y, Liu T, et al. Lymph node metastasis prediction of papillary thyroid carcinoma based on transfer learning radiomics. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):4807. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18497-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American thyroid association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1–133. doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho AS, Luu M, Shafqat I, et al. Predictive impact of metastatic lymph node burden on distant metastasis across papillary thyroid cancer variants. Thyroid. 2021;31(10):1549–1557. doi:10.1089/thy.2021.0131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randolph GW, Duh QY, Heller KS, et al. The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension. Thyroid. 2012;22(11):1144–1152. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khokhar MT, Day KM, Sangal RB, et al. Preoperative high-resolution ultrasound for the assessment of malignant central compartment lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015;25(12):1351–1354. doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Zhang L, Liu Y, et al. Ultrasonography for the prediction of high-volume lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma: should surgeons believe ultrasound results? World J Surg. 2020;44(12):4142–4148. doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05755-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiwang L, Yahong L, Kai L, et al. Clinicopathologic factors and preoperative ultrasonographic characteristics for predicting central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a single center retrospective study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;88(1):36–45. doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai YF, Wang QX, Ni CJ, et al. A scoring system is an effective tool for predicting central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a case-control study. World J Surg Oncol. 2016;14(1):45. doi:10.1186/s12957-016-0808-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen J, Li XL, Zhao CK, et al. Conventional ultrasound, immunohistochemical factors and BRAFV600E mutation in predicting central cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2018;44(11):2296–2306. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.06.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KE, Kim EK, Yoon JH, et al. Preoperative prediction of central lymph node metastasis in thyroid papillary microcarcinoma using clinicopathologic and sonographic features. World J Surg. 2013;37(2):385–391. doi:10.1007/s00268-012-1826-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant EG, Tessler FN, Hoang JK, et al. Thyroid ultrasound reporting Lexicon: white paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2015;12(12 Pt A):1272–1279. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2015.07.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu JM, Xu HX, Li XL, et al. A risk model for predicting central lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma including conventional ultrasound and acoustic radiation force impulse elastography. Med. 2016;95(3):e2558. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamaya A, Tahvildari AM, Patel BN, et al. Sonographic detection of extracapsular extension in papillary thyroid cancer. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(12):2225–2230. doi:10.7863/ultra.15.02006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell FE Jr., Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996;15(4):361–387. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361:AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh HS, Park S, Kim M, et al. Young age and male sex are predictors of large-volume central neck lymph node metastasis in clinical N0 papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. Thyroid. 2017;27(10):1285–1290. doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Song Y, Soh EY. Prognostic significance of the number of metastatic lymph nodes to stratify the risk of recurrence. World J Surg. 2014;38(4):858–862. doi:10.1007/s00268-013-2345-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luster M, Aktolun C, Amendoeira I, et al. European perspective on 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: proceedings of an interactive international symposium. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):7–26. doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Chen S, Lin X, et al. Clinical analysis of cervical lymph node metastasis risk factors and the feasibility of prophylactic central lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Endocrinol. 2021;2021:6635686. doi:10.1155/2021/6635686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raffaelli M, Sessa L, De Crea C, et al. Is it possible to intraoperatively modulate the extent of thyroidectomy in small papillary thyroid carcinoma? Surgery. 2021;169(1):77–81. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng Y, Min Y, Chen H, et al. Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in classic papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(10):2203–2211. doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01524-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z, Heng Y, Lin J, et al. Nomogram for predicting central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study of two clinical centers. Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1010–1018. doi:10.4143/crt.2020.254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam MA, Pura J, Goffredo P, et al. Presence and number of lymph node metastases are associated with compromised survival for patients younger than age 45 years with papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(21):2370–2375. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.59.8391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla N, Osazuwa-Peters N, Megwalu UC. Association between age and nodal metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;165(1):43–49. doi:10.1177/0194599820966995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito Y, Fukushima M, Higashiyama T, et al. Tumor size is the strongest predictor of microscopic lymph node metastasis and lymph node recurrence of N0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr J. 2013;60(1):113–117. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ12-0311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taşkın O, Armutlu A, Ağcaoğlu O, et al. Tumor border pattern and size help predict lymph node status in papillary microcarcinoma: a clinicopathologic study. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2020;48:151592. doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannessen JV, Sobrinho-Simões M. The origin and significance of thyroid psammoma bodies. Lab Invest. 1980;43:287–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das DK, Sheikh ZA, George SS, Al-Baquer T, Francis IM. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: evidence for intracytoplasmic formation of precursor substance for calcification and its release from well-preserved neoplastic cells. Diagn Cytopathol. 2008;36(11):809–812. doi:10.1002/dc.20898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai Y, Zhou G, Nakamura M, et al. Survival impact of psammoma body, stromal calcification, and bone formation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2009;22(7):887–894. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar