DSM-5 substance use disorders among college-age young adults in the United States: Prevalence, remission and treatment

References

• Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD. Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(8):757–766. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant BF, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(1):39–47. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Monitoring Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
   Google Scholar
• Blanco C, Okuda M, Wright C, et al. Mental health of college students and their non–college-attending peers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(12):1429–1437. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miech RA, Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE, Patrick ME. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2016: Volume I Secondary School Students; Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Wu L-T, Pilowsky DJ, Schlenger WE, Hasin D. Alcohol use disorders and the use of treatment services among college-age young adults. Psychiatr Serv. 2007;58(2):192–200. doi: 10.1176/ps.2007.58.2.192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The NSDUH Report. Nonmedical Use of Adderall ® among Full-Time College Students. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI). NSDUH Report 20847-2345.
   Google Scholar
• Connor JP, Gullo MJ, White A, Kelly AB. Polysubstance use: diagnostic challenges, patterns of use and health. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014;27(4):269–275. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe SE, West BT. The 3-year course of multiple substance use disorders in the United States: a national longitudinal study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(5):e537–e544. doi: 10.4088/JCP.16m10657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White W. Recovery/Remission from Substance Use Disorders: An Analysis of Reported Outcomes in 415 Scientific Reports, 1868-2011. Drug & Alcohol Findings Review Analysis. Pittsburgh, PA: Philadelphia Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services and the Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• McCabe SE, Kloska DD, Veliz P, Jager J, Schulenberg JE. Developmental course of non-medical use of prescription drugs from adolescence to adulthood in the United States: national longitudinal data. Addiction 2016;111(12):2166–2176. doi: 10.1111/add.13504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulenberg JE, Merline AC, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Laetz VB. Trajectories of Marijuana use during the transition to adulthood: the big picture based on national panel data. J Drug Issues. 2005;35(2):255–280. doi: 10.1177/002204260503500203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugbee BA, Caldeira KM, Soong AM, Vincent KB, Arria AM. Collegiate Recovery Programs: A Win-Win Proposition for Students and Colleges. College Park, MD: Center on Young Adult Health and Development; 2016. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21549.08160.
   Google Scholar
• Lipari RN, Park-Lee E, Van Horn S. America’s Need for and Receipt of Substance Use Treatment in 2015. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2017. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Grant BF, Chu A, Sigman R. Source and Accuracy Statement for the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Hasin DS, Greenstein E, Aivadyan C, et al. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Procedural validity of substance use disorders modules through clinical re-appraisal in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;148:40–46. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Smith SM, et al. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Reliability of substance use and psychiatric disorder modules in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;148:27–33. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennhardt AA, Murphy JG. Prevention and treatment of college student drug use: a review of the literature. Addict Behav. 2013;38(10):2607–2618. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• General S, General S. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health Human Services; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Fanshawe TR, Halliwell W, Lindson N, Aveyard P, Livingstone-Banks J, Hartmann-Boyce J. Tobacco cessation interventions for young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;23(8):CD003289. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003289.pub6.
   Google Scholar
• Wang TW, Tynan MA, Hallett C, et al. Smoke-free and tobacco-free policies in colleges and universities: United States and territories, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(24):686–689. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6724a4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Americans for Non-smokers’ Rights Foundation and Americans for Non-smokers’ Rights Foundation. Smokefree and Tobacco-Free US and Tribal Colleges and Universities. American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Abé C, Mon A, Durazzo TC, Pennington DL, Schmidt TP, Meyerhoff DJ. Polysubstance and alcohol dependence: unique abnormalities of magnetic resonance-derived brain metabolite levels. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;130(1-3):30–37. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinotti G, Carli V, Tedeschi D, et al. Mono- and polysubstance dependent subjects differ on social factors, childhood trauma, personality, suicidal behaviour, and comorbid Axis I diagnoses. Addict Behav. 2009;34(9):790–793. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.04.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt J, Eisenberg D, Kilbourne AM. Consequences of receipt of a psychiatric diagnosis for completion of college. Psychiatr Serv. 2010;61(4):399–404. doi: 10.1176/ps.2010.61.4.399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arria AM, Wilcox HC, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Garnier-Dykstra LM, O'Grady KE. Dispelling the myth of “smart drugs”: Cannabis and alcohol use problems predict nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for studying. Addict Behav. 2013;38(3):1643–1650. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldeira KM, Arria AM, O'Grady KE, Vincent KB, Wish ED. The occurrence of cannabis use disorders and other cannabis-related problems among first-year college students. Addict Behav. 2008;33(3):397–411. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.10.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson DA, Grant BF, Stinson FS, Chou PS. Psychopathology associated with drinking and alcohol use disorders in the college and general adult populations. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;77(2):139–150. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagman BT, Cohn AM, Schonfeld L, Moore K, Barrett B. College students who endorse a sub-threshold number of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder criteria: alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in DSM-5 diagnostic orphans. Am J Addict. 2014;23(4):378–385. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12120.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerridge BT, Pickering RP, Saha TD, et al. Prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and DSM-5 substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders among sexual minorities in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;170:82–92. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medley G, Lipari RN, Bose J, et al. Sexual Orientation and Estimates of Adult Substance use and Mental Health: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. NSDUH Data Review; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr D, Ding K, Burke A, Ott-Walter K. An Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use comparison of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual undergraduate women. Subst Use Misuse. 2015;50(3):340–349. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.980954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswalt SB, Lederer AM, Chestnut-Steich K, Day C, Halbritter A, Ortiz D. Trends in college students’ mental health diagnoses and utilization of services, 2009–2015. J Am Coll Heal. 2018;1–11. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1515748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner JC, Keller A. College health surveillance network: epidemiology and health care utilization of college students at US 4-year universities. J Am Coll Heal. 2015;63(8):530–538. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1055567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldeira KM, Kasperski SJ, Sharma E, et al. College students rarely seek help despite serious substance use problems. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009;37(4):368–378. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2009.04.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton WM, Dawson D, Duffy SQ, Grant BF. The effect of inmate populations on estimates of DSM-IV alcohol and drug use disorders in the United States. Am J Psychiatry 2010;167(4):473–474. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09081087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar