Sleep problems are associated with academic performance in a national sample of collegiate athletes

References

• Ruthig JC, Haynes TL, Stupnisky RH, et al. Perceived academic control: mediating the effects of optimism and social support on college students’ psychological health. Soc Psychol Educ. 2009;12:233–249. doi:10.1007/s11218-008-9079-6.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson MC, Story M, Larson NI, et al. Emerging adulthood and college-aged youth: an overlooked age for weight-related behavior change. Obesity. 2008;16:2205–2211. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: understanding the new way of coming of age. In: Arnett JJ, Tanner JL, eds. Emerging Adults in America: Coming of Age in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: American Psychological Asssociation; 2006:3–19.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor DJ, Bramoweth AD, Grieser EA, et al. Epidemiology of insomnia in college students: relationship with mental health, quality of life, and substance use difficulties. Behav Ther. 2013;44:339–348. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.12.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandner MA. Sleeping disorders. In: Brown GT, ed. Mind, Body, and Sport: Understanding and Supporting Student-Athlete Mental Wellness. Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 2014:51–53.
   Google Scholar
• Curcio G, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10:323–337. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buboltz WC Jr, Brown F, Soper B. Sleep habits and patterns of college students: a preliminary study. J Am Coll Health. 2001;50:131–135. doi:10.1080/07448480109596017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, et al. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:124–132. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forquer LM, Camden AE, Gabriau KM, et al. Sleep patterns of college students at a public university. J Am Coll Health. 2008;56:563–565. doi:10.3200/JACH.56.5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroshus E, Wagner J, Wyrick D, et al. Wake up call for collegiate athlete sleep: narrative review and consensus recommendations from the NCAA Interassociation Task Force on Sleep and Wellness. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:731–736. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon CL, Hainline B, Aron CM, et al. Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:667–699. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copenhaver EA, Diamond AB. The value of sleep on athletic performance, injury, and recovery in the young athlete. Pediatr Ann. 2017;46:e106–e111. doi:10.3928/19382359-20170221-01.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler P, Adler PA. From idealism to pragmatic detachment: the academic performance of college athletes. Sociol Educ. 1985;58:241–250. doi:10.2307/2112226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent C, Halson S, Roach GD. Sleep or swim? Early-morning training severely restricts the amount of sleep obtained by elite swimmers. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14:310–315. doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.696711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenne D. Sleep of athletes – problems and possible solutions. Biol Rhythm Res. 2009;40:45–52. doi:10.1080/09291010802067023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killgore WD. Effects of sleep deprivation on cognition. Prog Brain Res. 2010;185:105–129. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00007-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College health assessment II: reference group executive summary spring 2014. ACHA technical report. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association; 2014. Available at: https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/ACHA-NCHA-II_ReferenceGroup_ExecutiveSummary_Spring2014.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Buxton OM, Marcelli E. Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71:1027–1036. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee S, Patel SR, Kales SN, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: the importance of healthy sleep. Recommendations and future priorities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:1450–1458. doi:10.1164/rccm.201504-0767ST.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenney SR, Lac A, LaBrie JW, et al. Mental health, sleep quality, drinking motives, and alcohol-related consequences: a path-analytic model. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74:841–851. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.897953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta L, Morgan K, Gilchrist S. Does elite sport degrade sleep quality? A systematic review. Sports Med. 2017;47:1317–1333. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0650-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins JE, Madrigal L, Stanley CT. Retrospective remorse: college athletes’ reported regrets from a single season. J Sport Behav. 2015;38:212–233.
   Google Scholar
• Walters PH, College W. Sleep, the athlete, and performance. Strength Cond J. 2002;24:17–24. doi:10.1519/00126548-200204000-00005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penn Schoen Berland. Student-athlete time demands. Penn Schoen Berland technical report; Washington, DC: Penn Schoen Berland; 2015. Available at: http://sports.cbsimg.net/images/Pac-12-Student-Athlete-Time-Demands-Obtained-by-CBS-Sports.pdf. Accessed May 30, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Simons HD, Rheenen DV, Covington MV. Academic motivation and the student athlete. J Coll Stud Dev. 1999;40:151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosnoe R. Academic and health-related trajectories in adolescence: the intersection of gender and athletics. J Health Soc Behav. 2002;43:317–335. doi:10.2307/3090207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum JE, DeLuca S, Miller SR, et al. Pathways into work: short- and long-term effects of personal and institutional ties. Sociol Educ. 1999;72:179–196. doi:10.2307/2673228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum S, Payea K. Education pays 2004: the benefits of higher education for individual and society. College Board technical report. New York, NY: The College Board; Available at: https://trends.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/education-pays-2004-full-report.pdf. Accessed May 30, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Leslie LL, Brinkman PT. The Economic Value of Higher Education. New York, NY: Macmillian Publishing; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Trockel MT, Barnes MD, Egget DL. Health-related variables and academic performance among first-year college students: implications for sleep and other behaviors. J Am Coll Health. 2000;49:125–131. doi:10.1080/07448480009596294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lack LC. Delayed sleep and sleep loss in university students. J Am Coll Health. 1986;35:105–110. doi:10.1080/07448481.1986.9938970.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hosick MB. College athletes graduate at record high rates. NCAA. November 14, 2018. Available at: http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/college-athletes-graduate-record-high-rates. Accessed May 29, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Bonnar D, Bartel K, Kakoschke N, et al. Sleep interventions designed to improve athletic performance and recovery: a systematic review of current approaches. Sports Med. 2018;48:683–703. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0832-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leproult SK, L’Hermite-Baleriaux M, Copinschi G, et al. Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships and sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyroptin. J Clin Endrocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5762–5771. doi:10.120/jc.2004-1003.
   Google Scholar
• Benington JH, Heller HC. Restoration of brain energy metabolism as the function of sleep. Prog Neurobiol. 1995;45:347–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullagar HH, Skorski S, Duffield R, et al. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med. 2015;45:161–186. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly T, Piercy M. The effect of partial sleep deprivation on weight-lifting performance. Ergonomics. 1994;37:107–115. doi:10.1080/00140139808963628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min H. The risk factors of abusive relationships for nontraditional students. J Am Coll Health. 2019;67:174–179. doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1468333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp LP. Stata Surv Data Ref Man Release, 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Hanton S, Fletcher D, Coughlan G. Stress in elite sport performers: a comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors. J Sports Sci. 2005;23:1129–1141. doi:10.1080/02640410500131480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comeaux E. Mentoring as an intervention strategy. J Study Sports Athletes Educ. 2010;4:257–275. doi:10.1179/ssa.2010.4.3.257.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer SK. NCAA academic reforms: maintaining the balance between academics and athletics. In: Phi Kappa Phi Forum. Vol. 85. Baton Rouge, LA: Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi; 2005:15–19.
   Google Scholar
• Simons HD, Bosworth C, Fujita S, et al. The athlete stigma in higher education. Coll Stud J. 2007;41:251–274.
   Google Scholar
• Turner RW, Southall RM, Eckard W. Athlete graduation rate gaps at Division-I state flagship universities: an exploratory analysis emphasizing Black males. Spectr J Black Men. 2015;3:1–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner RW II. Not for Long: The Life and Career of the NFL Athlete. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Fenton GB. Athletes and Academia: The Effect of the NCAA 2003 Academic Standards on University Support Services [dissertation]. Irvine, CA: University of California; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Watson JC. College student-athletes’ attitudes toward help-seeking behavior and expectations of counseling services. J Coll Stud Dev. 2005;46:442–449. doi:10.1353/csd.2005.0044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics. A call to action: reconnecting college sports and higher education. Knight Foundation technical report. Miami, FL: John S. and James L. Knight Foundation; 2001. Available at: https://www.knightcommission.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/2001_knight_report.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Maniar SD, Curry LA, Sommers-Flanagan J, et al. Student-athlete preferences in seeking help when confronted with sport performance problems. Sport Psychol. 2001;15:205–223. doi:10.1123/tsp.15.2.205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Petitpas AJ, et al. Newspaper portrayals of sport psychology in the United States, 1985-1993. Sport Psychol. 1998;12:89–94. doi:10.1123/tsp.12.1.89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenspan M, Andersen MB. Providing psychological services to student athletes: a developmental psychology model. In: Sport Psychology Interventions. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1995:177–191.
   Google Scholar
• Broughton E, Neyer M. Advising and counseling student athletes. New Dir Stud Serv. 2001;93:47–53. doi:10.1002/ss.4.
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher TB, Benshoff JM, Richburg MJ. A systems approach to understanding and counseling college student-athletes. J Coll Couns. 2003;6:35–45. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2003.tb00225.x.
   Google Scholar
• Nédélec M, Halson S, Abaidia A-E, et al. Stress, sleep and recovery in elite soccer: a critical review of the literature. Sports Med. 2015;45:1387–1400. doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0358-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrian J, Rogers NL, Dinges DF. Psychomotor vigilance performance: neurocognitive assay sensitive to sleep loss. UPA. 2005;39–69.
   Google Scholar
• Drummond SPA, Anderson DE, Straus LD, et al. The effects of two types of sleep deprivation on visual working memory capacity and filtering efficiency. PLoS One. 2012;7:1–8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.003565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfson AR, Spaulding NL, Dandrow C, et al. Middle school start times: the importance of a good night’s sleep for young adolescents. Behav Sleep Med. 2007;5:194–209. doi:10.1080/15402000701263809.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selby R, Weinstein HM, Bird TS. The health of university athletes: attitudes, behaviors, and stressors. J Am Coll Health. 1990;39:11–18. doi:10.1080/07448481.1990.9936208.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choe EK, Consolvo S, Watson NF, et al. Opportunities for computing technologies to support healthy sleep behaviors. CHI 2011 - 29th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Conference Proceedings and Extended Abstracts 2011; 2011:3053–3062; British Columbia, Canada: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
   Google Scholar