Mindfulness-based strengths practice improves well-being and retention in undergraduates: a preliminary randomized controlled trial

References

• Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Axinn WG, et al. Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2016;46(14):2955–2970. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leviness P, Bershad C, Gorman K. The Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors Annual Survey – Public Version 2018. 2017. https://www.aucccd.org/assets/2017%20aucccd%20survey-public-apr17.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gruttadaro D, Crudo D. College students speak: A survey report on mental health. 2012. https://www.nami.org/About-NAMI/Publications-Reports/Survey-Reports/College-Students-Speak_A-Survey-Report-on-Mental-H.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lounsbury JW, Fisher LA, Levy JJ, Welsh DP. An investigation of character strengths in relation to the academic success of college students. Individ Differ Res. 2009;7(1):52–69.
   Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn J. Full Catastrophe Living: The Program of the Stress Reduction Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. New York, NY: Delacorte; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Seligman MEP, Steen TA, Park N, Peterson C. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. Am Psychol. 2005;60(5):410–421. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa A, Serretti A. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: a review and meta-analysis. J Alternat Complement Med. 2009;15(5):593–600. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman P, Niemann L, Schmidt S, Walach H. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2004;57(1):35–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson LE, Garland SN. Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(4):278–285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1204_9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin PR, Gross JJ. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion. 2010;10(1):83–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irving JA, Dobkin PL, Park J. Cultivating mindfulness in health care professionals: A review of empirical studies of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2009;15(2):61–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.01.002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Bruin EI, Meppelink R, Bögels SM. Mindfulness in higher education: awareness and attention in university students increase during and after participation in a mindfulness curriculum course. Mindfulness. 2015;6(5):1137–1142. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0364-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch S, Gander M-L, Kohls N, Kudielka B, Walach H. Mindfulness-based coping with university life: a non-randomized wait-list-controlled pilot evaluation. Stress Health. 2011;27(5):365–375. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro SL, Brown KW, Astin J. Toward the integration of meditation into higher education: A review of research evidence. Teach Coll Rec. 2011;113(3):493–528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemiec R. Mindfulness and Character Strengths: A Practical Guide to Flourishing. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe Publishing; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Park N, Peterson C, Seligman M. Strengths of character and well-being. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2004;23(5):603–619. doi:https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson C, Seligman M. Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Schutte NS, Malouff JM. The impact of signature character strengths interventions: a meta-analysis. J Happiness Stud. 2019;20(4):1179–1196. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9990-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harzer C, Ruch W. When the job is a calling: The role of applying one’s signature strengths at work. J Posit Psychol. 2012;7(5):362–371. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.702784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littman-Ovadia H, Steger M. Character strengths and well-being among volunteers and employees: Toward an integrative model. J Posit Psychol. 2010;5(6):419–430. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.516765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gander F, Proyer RT, Ruch W, Wyss T. The good character at work: an initial study on the contribution of character strengths in identifying healthy and unhealthy work-related behavior and experience patterns. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012;85(8):895–904. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0736-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park N, Peterson C. Values in action (VIA) inventory of character strengths for youth. Adolesc Fam Health. 2006;4(1):35–40.
   Google Scholar
• Niemiec R, Rashid T, Spinella M. Strong mindfulness: integrating mindfulness and character strengths. J Mental Health Counsel. 2012;34(3):240–253. doi:https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.34.3.34p6328x2v204v21.
   Google Scholar
• Borghans L, Duckworth AL, Heckman JJ, Weel B. t. The economics and psychology of personality traits. J Human Resour. 2008;43(4):972–1059. doi:https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.43.4.972.
   Google Scholar
• Ivtzan I, Niemiec RM, Briscoe C. A study investigating the effects of Mindfulness-Based Strengths Practice (MBSP) on wellbeing. Int J Wellbeing. 2016;6(2):1–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i2.557.
   Google Scholar
• Seligman M. Flourish: A New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being – and How to Achieve Them. by Martin E.P. Seligman. New York, NY: Free Press; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Butler J, Kern ML. The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. Int J Wellbeing. 2016;6(3):1–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526.
   Google Scholar
• Seligman M. PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. J Posit Psychol. 2018;13(4):333–335. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giangrasso B. Psychometric properties of the PERMA-profiler as hedonic and eudaimonic well-being measure in an Italian context. Curr Psychol. 2018; doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0040-3.
   Google Scholar
• Umucu E, Wu J-R, Sanchez J, et al. Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler as a well-being measure for student veterans. J Am Coll Health. 2020;68(3):271–277. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vázquez-Colunga JC, Pando-Moreno M, Colunga-Rodríguez C. Psychometric properties of OPMH-40, a survey for the evaluation of the occupational positive mental health. Psychol. 2017;08(03):424–435. doi:https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.83026.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe K, Kawakami N, Shiotani T, et al. The Japanese workplace PERMA-profiler: A validation study among Japanese workers. J Occup Health. 2018;60(5):383–393. advpub. doi:https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.2018-0050-OA.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey JK, Wray-Lake L, Mashek D, Branand B. A multi-study examination of well-being theory in college and community samples. J Happiness Stud. 2016;17(1):187–211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9590-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. Profile of undergraduate students: Attendance, distance, and remedial education, degree program and field of study, demographics, financial aid, finacial literacy, employment, and military status. 2019. https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2019467.
   Google Scholar
• Appleton JJ, Christenson SL, Kim D, Reschly AL. Measuring cognitive and psychological engagement: Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument. J School Psychol. 2006;44(5):427–445. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoffstall DG, Arendt SW, Brown EA. Academic engagement of hospitality students. J Hosp Leis Sport Touri Educ. 2013;13:141–153. Complete(): doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webber KL, Krylow RB, Zhang Q. Does involvement really matter? Indicators of college student success and satisfaction. J Coll Stud Dev. 2013;54(6):591–611. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi M. Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Appleton JJ, Christenson SL, Furlong MJ. Student engagement with school: Critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct. Psychol Schs. 2008;45(5):369–386. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steger MF, Dik BJ, Duffy RD. Measuring meaningful work: The Work and Meaning Inventory (WAMI). J Career Assess. 2012;20(3):322–337. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711436160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold KA, Turner N, Barling J, Kelloway EK, McKee MC. Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: The mediating role of meaningful work. J Occupa Health Psychol. 2007;12(3):193–203. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks JR, Schenk JA. Explaining the effects of transformational leadership: An investigation of the effects of higher-order motives in multilevel marketing organizations. J Organiz Behav. 2001;22(8):849–869. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/job.116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle PA, Barnes LL, Buchman AS, Bennett DA. Purpose in life is associated with mortality among community-dwelling older persons. Psychosom Med. 2009;71(5):574–579. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a5a7c0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert FA, So T. Flourishing across Europe: application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Soc Indic Res. 2013;110(3):837–861. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes C. Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. Am. Psychol. 2007;62(2):95–108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg D, Lipson SK, Posselt J. Promoting resilience, retention, and mental health. New Dir Stud Serv.. 2016;2016(156):87–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.20194.
   Google Scholar
• Kalkbrenner MT, Jolley AL, Hays DG. Faculty views on college student mental health: implications for retention and student success. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 2019. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025119867639.
   Google Scholar
• Martin JM. It just didn’t work out: examining nonreturning students’ stories about their freshman experience. J Coll Stud Retent Res Theor Pract. 2017;19(2):176–198. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115611670.
   Google Scholar
• US News and World Report. Freshman Retention Rate National Universities. 2019. https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities/freshmen-least-most-likely-return.
   Google Scholar
• Raisman N. The Cost of College Attrition at Four-Year Colleges & Universities - An Analysis of 1669 US Institutions. Educational Policy Institute; 2013. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/83250. Accessed July 23, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Permzadian V, Credé M. Do first-year seminars improve college grades and retention? A quantitative review of their overall effectiveness and an examination of moderators of effectiveness. Rev Educ Res. 2016;86(1):277–316. doi:https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315584955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upcraft ML, Gardner JN, Barefoot BO. Challenging and Supporting the First-Year Student: A Handbook for Improving the First Year of College. Jossey-Bass: An Imprint of Wiley; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Seligman MEP, Ernst RM, Gillham J, Reivich K, Linkins M. Positive education: positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Rev Educ. 2009;35(3):293–311. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934563.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern ML, Waters LE, Adler A, White MA. A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. J Posit Psychol. 2015;10(3):262–271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.936962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustems-Carnicer J, Calderón C. Virtues and character strengths related to approach coping strategies of college students. Soc Psychol Educ. 2016;19(1):77–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-015-9305-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar