1,029
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
MAJOR ARTICLE

Perceptions of peer mental health: impact of race and student-athlete status

, PhD, , MC, , PhD, , MA & , PhD
Pages 626-638 | Received 20 May 2020, Accepted 21 Feb 2021, Published online: 08 Apr 2021

References

  • Xiao H, Carney DM, Youn SJ, et al. Are we in crisis? national mental health and treatment trends in college counseling centers. Psychol Serv. 2017; 14(4):407–415. doi:10.1037/ser0000130.
  • Lipson SK, Lattie EG, Eisenberg D. Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. College Students: 10-Year Population-Level Trends (2007-2017) ). Psychiatr Serv. 2019; 70(1):60–63. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800332.
  • Center for Collegiate Mental Health. 2018. Annual Report. University Park, PA: Penn State University; 2019. STA 19–180.
  • Nielsen TR, Vogel A, Phung TKT, Gade A, Waldemar G. Over- and under-diagnosis of dementia in ethnic minorities: a nationwide register-based study . Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011; 26(11):1128–1135. doi:10.1002/gps.2650.
  • Bailey RK, Patel M, Barker NC, Ali S, Jabeen S. Major depressive disorder in the African American population. J Natl Med Assoc. 2011; 103(7):548–557. doi:10.1016/S0027-9684(15)30380-1.
  • Barnes A. Race and schizophrenia diagnoses in four types of hospitals. J. Black Stud. 2013; 44(6):665–681. doi:10.1177/0021934713506116.
  • Gara MA, Minsky S, Silverstein SM, Miskimen T, Strakowski SA. Naturalistic study of racial disparities in diagnoses at an outpatient behavioral health clinic. PS. 2019; 70(2):130–134. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800223.
  • Lawrence SM, Harrison CK, Stone J. A day in the life of a male college athlete: a public perception and qualitative campus investigation. J Sport Manag. 2009; 23(5):591–614. doi:10.1123/jsm.23.5.591.
  • Wininger SR, White TA. An examination of the dumb jock stereotype in collegiate student-athletes: a comparison of student versus student-athlete perceptions. J Stud Sports Athletes Educ. 2015; 9(2):75–85. doi:10.1179/1935739715Z.00000000036.
  • Brey d, Musu C, McFarland L, et al.et al. Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups 2018. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics; 2019. NCES 2019–038.
  • Chao RCL, Mallinckrodt B, Wei M. Co-occurring presenting problems in African American college clients reporting racial discrimination distress. Professional Psychol Res Pract. 2012; 43(3):199–207. doi:10.1037/a0027861.
  • McGee EO, Martin DB. You would not believe what I have to go through to prove my intellectual value!” stereotype management among academically successful Black mathematics and engineering students. Am Educ Res J. 2011; 48(6):1347–1389. doi:10.3102/0002831211423972.
  • Haynes C, Bazner KJ. A message for faculty from the present-day movement for Black lives. Int J Qual Stud Educ. 2019; 32(9):1146–1161. doi:10.1080/09518398.2019.1645909.
  • Nasir NIS, Shah N. On defense: African American males making sense of racialized narratives in mathematics education. J Afr Am Males Educ. 2011; 2(1):24–45.
  • Holbrook C, Fessler DM, Navarrete CD. Looming large in others' eyes: racial stereotypes illuminate dual adaptations for representing threat versus prestige as physical size. Evol Human Behav. 2016; 37(1):67–78. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.08.004.
  • Atkins-Loria S, Macdonald H, Mitterling C. Young African American men and the diagnosis of conduct disorder: the neo-colonization of suffering. Clin Soc Work J. 2015; 43(4):431–441. doi:10.1007/s10615-015-0531-8.
  • Fadus MC, Ginsburg KR, Sobowale K, et al. Unconscious bias and the diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorders and ADHD in African American and Hispanic youth. Acad Psychiatry. 2020; 44(1):95–102. doi:10.1007/s40596-019-01127-6.
  • Schwartz RC, Blankenship DM. Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: a review of empirical literature. World J Psychiatry. 2014; 4(4):133–140. doi:10.5498/wjp.v4.i4.133.
  • Akinhanmi MO, Biernacka JM, Strakowski SM, et al. Racial disparities in bipolar disorder treatment and research: a call to action. Bipolar Disord. 2018; 20(6):506–514. doi:10.1111/bdi.12638.
  • Schwartz RC, Feisthamel KP, Smith SD. Differences in clinician anxiety and bipolar disorder diagnoses according to client race. Am J Soc Sci Res. 2015; 1(1):52–56.
  • Hoffman KM, Trawalter S, Axt JR, Oliver MN. Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between Blacks and Whites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016; 113(16):4296–4301. doi:10.1073/pnas.1516047113.
  • Stockdale SE, Lagomasino IT, Siddique J, McGuire T, Miranda J. Racial and ethnic disparities in detection and treatment of depression and anxiety among psychiatric and primary health care visits, 1995-2005. Med Care. 2008; 46(7):668–677. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181789496.
  • National Collegiate Athletic Association. Student-athletes. http://www.ncaa.org/student-athletes.
  • Wilkinson-Flicker S. Back to school by the numbers: 2019-2020 school year. https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/back-to-school-by-the-numbers-2019-20-school-year. National Center for Education Statistics. Published August 13, 2019.
  • Tran AGTT. Looking forward to student-athlete mental health: racial/ethnic trends from 2010-2015. J Am Coll Health. 2020:1–9. doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1725018.
  • Proctor SL, Boan-Lenzo C. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in male intercollegiate student-athletes and nonathletes. J Clin Sport Psychol. 2010; 4(3):204–220. doi:10.1123/jcsp.4.3.204.
  • Wolanin, A, Hong, E, Marks, D, Panchoo, K, Gross, M. Prevalence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms in college athletes and differences by gender and sport. Br J Sports Med. 2016; 50(3): 167–171. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095756.
  • Eisenberg D, Golberstein E, Hunt JB. Mental health and academic success in college. BE J Econ Anal Policy. 2009; 9(1):1–35. doi:10.2202/1935-1682.2191.
  • López RL, Levy JJ. Student athletes' perceived barriers to and preferences for seeking counseling. J Coll Counseling. 2013; 16(1):19–31. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2013.00024.x.
  • Comeaux E. Unmasking Athlete Microaggressions. J Intercollegiate Sport. 2012; 5(2):189–198. doi:10.1123/jis.5.2.189.
  • Beauchemin J. College student-athlete wellness: an integrative outreach model. Coll Student J. 2014; 48(2):268–280.
  • Tucker K, Morgan Bj Kirk O, Moore K, et al. Perceptions of college student-athletes. J Undergraduate Ethnic Minority Psychol. 2016; 2:27–33.
  • Anderson CC. Overprivileged, Self-Absorbed, Dumb Jocks: Exploration of Stereotypes of Student-Athletes (Thesis). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University; 2015.
  • Alosco ML, Fedor AF, Gunstad J. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for concussions in NCAA division-I athletes. Brain Injury. 2014; 28(4):472–474. doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.887145.
  • Ashmore RD, Del Boca FK, Beebe M. Alkie,” “frat brother,” and “jock”: perceived types of college students and stereotypes about drinking. J Appl Social Pyschol. 2002; 32(5):885–907. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00247.x.
  • Trawalter S, Hoffman KM, Waytz A. Racial bias in perceptions of others’ pain. PloS One. 2012; 7(11):e48546–8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048546.
  • Czopp AM. Studying is lame when he got game: racial stereotypes and the discouragement of Black student-athletes from schoolwork. Soc Psychol Educ. 2010; 13(4):485–498. doi:10.1007/s11218-010-9129-8.
  • King EB, Mendoza SA, Madera JM, Hebl MR, Knight JL. What's in a name? a multiracial investigation of the role of occupational stereotypes in selection decisions. J Appl Social Pyschol. 2006; 36(5):1145–1159. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00035.x.
  • Pedrelli P, Nyer M, Yeung A, Zulauf C, Wilens T. College Students: Mental Health Problems and Treatment Considerations. Acad Psychiatry. 2015; 39(5):503–511. doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0205-9.
  • Blanca MJ, Alarcón R, Arnau J, Bono R, Bendayan R. Effect of variance ratio on ANOVA robustness: might 1.5 be the limit? Behav Res Methods. 2018; 50(3):937–962. doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0918-2.
  • Blanca MJ, Alarcón R, Arnau J, Bono R, Bendayan R. Non-normal data: is ANOVA still a valid option? Psicothema. 2017; 29(4):552–557. doi:10.7334/psicothema2016.383.
  • American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment Survey IIc [Data and codebook]. https://www.acha.org/NCHA/ACHA-NCHA_Data/Research_Projects_and_Data_Access/NCHA/Data/Research_Projects_and_Data_Access.aspx.
  • Healthy Minds Network. Healthy Minds Study 2016-17 [Data and codebook]. https://healthymindsnetwork.org/research/data-for-researchers/. Published 2017.
  • Healthy Minds Network. Healthy Minds Study 2017-18 [Data and codebook]. https://healthymindsnetwork.org/research/data-for-researchers/. Published 2017.
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001; 16(9):606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
  • Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166(10):1092–1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
  • Morin CM, Belleville G, Bélanger L, Ivers H. The insomnia severity index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep. 2011; 34(5):601–608. doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.601.
  • McGee EO, Stovall D. Reimagining critical race theory in education: mental health, healing, and the pathway to liberatory praxis. Educ Theory. 2015; 65(5):491–511. doi:10.1111/edth.12129.
  • Masuda A, Anderson PL, Edmonds J. Help-seeking attitudes, mental health stigma, and self-concealment among African American college students. J Black Stud. 2012; 43(7):773–786. doi:10.1177/0021934712445806.
  • Williams DR, Gonzalez HM, Neighbors H, et al. Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites: results from the national survey of American life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007; 64(3):305–315. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.305.
  • Sheehan AE, Walsh RF, Liu RT. Racial and ethnic differences in mental health service utilization in suicidal adults: a nationally representative study. J Psychiatr Res. 2018; 107:114–119. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.019.
  • Zapolski TC, Pedersen SL, McCarthy DM, Smith GT. Less drinking, yet more problems: understanding African American drinking and related problems. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(1):188–223. doi:10.1037/a0032113.
  • Kanny D, Naimi TS, Liu Y, Lu H, Brewer RD. Annual total binge drinks consumed by US adults, 2015. Am J Prev Med. 2018; 54(4):486–496. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.021.
  • Lipari RN, Jean-Francois B. A day in the life of college students aged 18 to 22: Substance use facts. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2016. The CBHSQ report.
  • Cranford JA, Eisenberg D, Serras AM. Substance use behaviors, mental health problems, and use of mental health services in a probability sample of college students. Addict Behav. 2009; 34(2):134–145. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.09.004.
  • Chow G, Bird M, Gabana N, Cooper B, Swanbrow Becker MA. program to reduce stigma toward mental illness and promote mental health literacy and help-seeking in NCAA division I student-athletes. J Clin Sport Psychol. 2020; 1:1–21. doi:10.1123/jcsp.2019-0104.
  • Ballesteros J, Tran AG. Under the face mask: racial-ethnic minority student-athletes and mental health use. J Am Coll Health. 2020; 68(2):169–175. doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1536663.
  • de Souza NL, Esopenko C, Conway FN, Todaro SM, Buckman JF. Patterns of health behaviors affecting mental health in collegiate athletes. J Am Coll Health. 2019:1–8. doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1682591.
  • Eisenberg D, Hunt J, Speer N. Mental health in American colleges and universities: variation across student subgroups and across campuses. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013; 201(1):60–67. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827ab077.
  • Auerbach RP, Mortier P, Bruffaerts R, WHO WMH-ICS Collaborators, et al. WHO world mental health surveys international college student project: prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 2018;127(7):623–650. doi:10.1037/abn0000362.
  • Gruttadaro D, Crudo D. College Students Speak: A Survey Report on Mental Health. Madison, WI: National Alliance on Mental Illness; 2012.
  • Chiu I, Graham JA. The effect of a peer-based personal stories intervention on focus of anxiety and social distance towards people with mental illness. J Coll Student Dev. 2017; 58(1):101–107. doi:10.1353/csd.2017.0006.
  • Patalay P, Annis J, Sharpe H, et al. A pre-post evaluation of OpenMinds: a sustainable, peer-led mental health literacy programme in universities and secondary schools. Prev Sci. 2017; 18(8):995–1005. doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0840-y.
  • Yang LH, Anglin DM, Wonpat-Borja AJ, Opler MG, Greenspoon M, Corcoran CM. Public stigma associated with psychosis risk syndrome in a college population: implications for peer intervention. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(3):284–288. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.003782011.
  • Benuto LT, Singer J, Newlands RT, Casas JB. Training culturally competent psychologists: where are we and where do we need to go. ? Traind Educ Professional Psychol. 2019; 13(1):56–63. doi:10.1037/tep0000214.
  • Sontag-Padilla L, Dunbar MS, Ye F, et al. Strengthening college students’ mental health knowledge, awareness, and helping behaviors: the impact of active minds, a peer mental health organization. J Am Acad Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 2018; 57(7):500–507. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.019.
  • Wolsko C, Park B, Judd CM, Wittenbrink B. Framing interethnic ideology: effects of multicultural and color-blind perspectives on judgments of groups and individuals. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000; 78(4):635–654. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.635.
  • Richeson JA, Nussbaum RJ. The impact of multiculturalism versus color-blindness on racial bias. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2004; 40(3):417–423. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.09.002.
  • DeWall CN, Gilman R, Sharif V, Carboni I, Rice KG. Left out, sluggardly, and blue: low self-control mediates the relationship between ostracism and depression. Personality Individual Differences. 2012; 53(7):832–837. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.025.
  • Almeneessier AS, Alamri BN, Alzahrani FR, Sharif MM, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS. Insomnia in primary care settings: still overlooked and undertreated? J Nat Sci Med. 2018; 1(2):64–68. doi:10.4103/JNSM.JNSM_30_18.
  • Arria A, Wagley G. Addressing College Drinking and Drug Use: A Primer for Trustees, Administrators, and Alumni. Washington DC: American Council of Trustees and Alumni; 2019.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.