Relationships between physical fitness, health behaviors, and occupational outcomes in students, faculty, and staff of an American university

References

• Blair SN, Kohl HW, Paffenbarger RS, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women. JAMA 1989;262(17):2395–2401. doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430170057028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britton KA, Massaro JM, Murabito JM, Kreger BE, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. Body Fat Distribution, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(10):921–925. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald SJ, Barlow CE, Kampert JB, Morrow JR, Jr, Jackson AW, Blair SN. Muscular fitness and all-cause mortality: prospective observations. J Phys Act Health. 2004;1(1):7–18. doi:10.1123/jpah.1.1.7.
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan R, He JR, Ponsonby AL, et al. Objectively measured physical activity and all cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2021;143:106356. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riebe D, Ehrman JK, Liguori G, Magal M. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 10th ed. Philadephia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Chang S, Chen Y. Relationships between sleep quality, physical fitness and body mass index in college freshmen. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(10):1234–1241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126–131. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1424733/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He L, Biddle SJ, Lee JT, et al. The prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with physical activity and sleep duration in middle aged and elderly adults: a longitudinal analysis from China. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021;18(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01150-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard C, Perusse L. Heredity, Activity Level, Fitness, and Health. In: Vol 24. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1994:106–118.
   Google Scholar
• Kaminsky LA, Arena R, Myers J. Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(11):1515–1523. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross R, Blair SN, Arena R, Stroke Council, et al. Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016;134(24):e653–e699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai X, Ye M, Gu Q, et al. The relationship between physical fitness and academic performance among Chinese college students. J Am Coll Health. 2022;70(2):395–403. doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1751643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amirhosseini M, Ghaleh OS, Heydari F, Hami M, Shahriari B. Influence of Physical Fitness on Job Burnout and Mental Health among Female Physical Education Teachers. J Hunan Univ Nat Sci. 2021;48(8):130–133.
   Google Scholar
• McFarland J, Hussar B, Wang X, et al. The condition of education 2018 (NCES 2018-144). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: Nation Center for Education Statistics. Available at: https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2018144. Published 2018. Accessed January, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Ginder SA, Kelly-Reid JE, Mann FB. Enrollment and employees in postsecondary institutions, Fall 2017; and financial statistics and academic libraries, Fiscal Year 2017: First look (provisional data) (NCES 2019-021rev). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Available at: http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch. Published 2018. Accessed January, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Dinger MK, Brittain DR, Hutchinson SR. Associations Between Physical Activity and Health-Related Factors in a National Sample of College Students. J Am Coll Health. 2014;62(1):67–74. doi:10.1080/07448481.2013.849710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper K, Barton GC. An exploration of physical activity and wellbeing in university employees. Perspect Public Health. 2016;136(3):152–160. doi:10.1177/1757913915593103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, Prichard JR. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(2):124–132. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teker AG, Luleci NE. Sleep quality and anxiety level in employees. North Clin Istanb. 2018;5(1):31–36. doi:10.14744/nci.2017.58855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim AY, Gieng JH, Osako Luna S, Mauldin K. Physical activity and sleep quality correlations with anthropometric measurements in young adults. J Am Coll Health. 2021. doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1926262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson PB, Richter L. Research note: what if we’re wrong? Some possible implications of systematic distortions in adolescents’ self-reports of sensitive behaviors. J Drug Issues. 2004;34(4):951–970. doi:10.1177/002204260403400412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raphael K. Recall bias: a proposal for assessment and control. Int J Epidemiol. 1987;16(2):167–170. doi:10.1093/ije/16.2.167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Ekelund U, et al. Accelerometer data collection and processing criteria to assess physical activity and other outcomes: a systematic review and practical considerations. Sports Med. 2017;47(9):1821–1845. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0716-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purta R, Mattingly S, Song L, et al. Experiences measuring sleep and physical activity patterns across a large college cohort with fitbits. In: ACM; 2016:28–35. doi:10.1145/2971763.2971767.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn PD, Duckworth AL. Happiness and academic achievement: Evidence for reciprocal causality. In: Vol 24. Citeseer; 2007:2007.
   Google Scholar
• Boehm JK, Lyubomirsky S. Does happiness promote career success? J Career Assess. 2008;16(1):101–116. doi:10.1177/1069072707308140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Cabrera MC, Domenech E, Viña J. Moderate exercise is an antioxidant: upregulation of antioxidant genes by training. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44(2):126–131. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Ariza A, Grao-Cruces A, de Loureiro NEM, Martinez-Lopez EJ. Influence of physical fitness on cognitive and academic performance in adolescents: A systematic review from 2005–2015. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2017;10(1):108–133. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2016.1184699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opel N, Martin S, Meinert S, et al. White matter microstructure mediates the association between physical fitness and cognition in healthy, young adults. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1–9. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49301-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stephens MB, Dong T, Durning SJ. Physical Fitness and Academic Performance: A Pilot Investigation in USU Medical Students. Mil Med. 2015;180(suppl_4):77–78. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brignac A, Bellar D, Judge L, Smith J, Mazerat N, Trosclair D. The Relationship of BMI to Grade Point Average, Age and Multiple Fitness Tests. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:S121. doi:10.1097/01.JSC.0000395773.04439.e0.
   Google Scholar
• Wattles MG, Harris C. The relationship between fitness levels and employee’s perceived productivity, job satisfaction, and absenteeism. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2003;6(1):24–32.
   Google Scholar
• Qualtrics. Qualtrics.; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381–1395. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds IC, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220–233. doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown HE, Burton N, Gilson ND, Brown W. Measuring presenteeism: which questionnaire to use in physical activity research? J Phys Act Health. 2014;11(2):241–248. doi:10.1123/jpah.2011-0307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce RA, Blackmon JR, Jones JW, Strait G. Exercising testing in adult normal subjects and cardiac patients. Pediatrics. 1963;32(4):742–756. doi:10.1542/peds.32.4.742.
   Google Scholar
• España-Romero V, Artero EG, Santaliestra-Pasias AM, Gutierrez A, Castillo MJ, Ruiz JR. Hand Span Influences Optimal Grip Span in Boys and Girls Aged 6 to 12 Years. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33(3):378–384. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.11.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries HA. Physiology of Exercise in Physical Education and Athletics. Dubuque, IA: Wm C. Brown.; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology-Physical Activity Training for Health (CSEP-PATH). Ottawa, ON: Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Hashim A. Objectivity, reliability, and validity of the 90° push-ups test protocol among male and female students of sports science program. J Phys Educ Sport. 2012;12(1):103.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson AW, Baker AA. The Relationship of the Sit and Reach Test to Criterion Measures of Hamstring and Back Flexibility in Young Females. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1986;57(3):183–186. doi:10.1080/02701367.1986.10605395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo M, Faith MS, Pietrobelli A, Heymsfield SB. Percentage of body fat cutoffs by sex, age, and race-ethnicity in the US adult population from NHANES 1999–2004. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(3):594–602. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.025171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorpLLC; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Lee CD, Blair SN, Jackson AS. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(3):373–380. doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.3.373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Hammond-Bennett A, Hypnar A, Mason S. Health-related physical fitness and physical activity in elementary school students. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5107-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Cauwenberghe E, Labarque V, Trost SG, de Bourdeaudhuij I, Cardon G. Calibration and comparison of accelerometer cut points in preschool children. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011;6(2-2):e582–e589. doi:10.3109/17477166.2010.526223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covassin N, Singh P, McCrady-Spitzer SK, et al. Effects of experimental sleep restriction on energy intake, energy expenditure, and visceral obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(13):1254–1265. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.01.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Hand GA, et al. Association between actigraphic sleep metrics and body composition. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(10):773–778. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim ST, Lee E. Association of Sleep Quality with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male High School Students. Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(11):954–954. doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03261-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee A, Lin W. Association between sleep quality and physical fitness in female young adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2007;47(4):462–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Chen W. A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness. J Happiness Stud. 2019;20(4):1305–1322. doi:10.1007/s10902-018-9976-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderon R, Jr, Pupanead S, Prachakul W, Kim G. Happiness, perceived stress, psychological well-being, and health behaviors of Thai university students: Preliminary results from a multinational study on well-being. J Am Coll Health. 2021;69(2):176–184. doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1657871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels BT, Human AE, Gallagher KM, Howie EK. Relationships between grit, physical activity, and academic success in university students: Domains of physical activity matter. J Am Coll Health. Published Online. 2021:1–9. doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1950163.
   Google Scholar