An Investigation of the Relationship of Personality, Coping, and Grief Intensity Among Bereaved Mothers

References

• Arbuckle , N. W. & de Vries , B. ( 1995 ). The long-term effects of later-life spousal and parental bereavement on personal functioning . The Gerontologist , 35 , 637 – 647 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonanno , G. A. , Keltner , D. , Holen , A. , & Horowitz , M. J. ( 1995 ). When avoiding unpleasant emotion might not be such a bad thing: Verbal-autonomic response dissociation and midlife conjugal bereavement . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 , 975 – 989 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. , Jr. , Somerfield , M. R. , & McCrae , R. R. ( 1996 ). Personality and coping: A reconceptualization . In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 44 – 64 ). New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Dijkstra , I. , van den Bout , J. , Schut , H. , Stroebe , M. , & Stroebe , W. ( 1999 ). Coping with the death of a child . Gedrag & Gezondheid , 27 , 103 – 108 .
   Google Scholar
• Endler , N. S. & Parker , J. D. ( 1990 ). Coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS): Manual . Toronto : Multi-Health Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Endler , N. S. & Parker , J. D. ( 1994 ). Assessment of multidimensional coping: Task, emotion, and avoidance strategies . Psychological Assessment , 6 , 50 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck , H. J. ( 1975 ). Manual of the Eysenck personality Questionnaire . London : Hodder & Stoughton .
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck , H. J. & Eysenck , M. W. ( 1985 ). Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gass , K. A. & Chang , A. S. ( 1989 ). Appraisals of bereavement, coping, resources, and psychosocial health dysfunction in widows and widowers . Nursing Research , 28 , 31 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs , S. , Kasl , S. , Schaefer , C. , & Ostfeld , A. ( 1994 ). Conscious and unconscious coping with loss . Psychosomatic Medicine , 56 , 557 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , S. C. & Kim , K. ( 1990 ). Psychiatric complications of bereavement . Psychiatric Annals , 20 , 314 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman , R. ( 1989 ). Assumptive worlds and the stress of traumatic events: Applications of the schema construct . Social Cognition , 7 , 113 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klass , D. & Marwit , S. (1989). Toward a model of parental grief. Omega , 19, 31–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. & Folkman , S. ( 1984 ). The coping process: An alternative to traditional formulations . In Stress, appraisal, and coping (pp. 141 – 180 ). New York : Springer Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Lehman , D. R. , Wortman , C. B. , & Williams , A. F. ( 1987 ). Long-term effects of losing a spouse or child in a motor vehicle crash . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 , 218 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lev , E. , Munro , B. H. , & McCorkle , R. ( 1993 ). A shortened version of an instrument measuring bereavement . International Journal of Nursing Studies , 30 , 213 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mor , V. , McHorney , C. , & Sherwood , S. ( 1986 ). Secondary morbidity among the recently bereaved . American Journal of Psychiatry , 143 , 158 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meuser , T. M. ( 1997 ). An integrative model of personality, coping and appraisal for the prediction of grief involvement in adults: A dissertation study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1997) . Dissertation Abstracts International , 57 , 5336 .
   Google Scholar
• Meuser , T. M. , Davies , R. M. , & Marwit , S. J. ( 1995 ). Personality and conjugal bereavement in older widow(er)s . Omega , 30 , 223 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meuser , T. M. & Marwit , S. J. ( 2000 ). An integrative model of personality, coping, and appraisal for the prediction of grief involvement in adults . Omega , 40 , 375 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton , W. , Franzp , M. D. , Raphael , B. , Burnett , P. , & Martinek , N. ( 1997 ). Psychological distress and bereavement . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 185 , 447 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , S. A. , Johnson , C. , & Lohan , J. ( 2003 ). The effectiveness of coping resources and strategies used by bereaved parents 1 and 5 years after the violent deaths of their children . Omega , 47 , 25 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neimeyer , R. A. & Hogan , N. S. ( 2001 ). Quantitative or qualitative? Measurement issues in the study grief . In M. S. Stroebe , R. O. Hansson , W. Stroebe , & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 89 – 118 ). Washington , D.C. : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , J. A. & Endler , N. S. ( 1992 ). Coping with coping assessment: A critical review . European Journal of Personality , 6 , 321 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prigerson , H. G. & Jacobs , S. C. ( 2001 ). Traumatic grief as a distinct disorder: A rationale, consensus criteria, and a preliminary empirical test . In M. S. Stroebe , R. O. Hansson , W. Stroebe , & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 613 – 646 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Prigerson , H. G. , Shear , M. K. , Bierhals , A. J. , Pilkonis , P. A. , Wolfson , L. , et al. . ( 1997 ). Case histories of traumatic grief . Omega , 35 , 9 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rando , T. ( 1986 ). Parental bereavement: An exception to the general conceptualizations of mourning . In T. A. Rando (Ed.), Parental loss of a child (pp. 45 – 58 ). Champaigne , IL : Research Press Company .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , S. & Malkinson , R. ( 2001 ). Parental response to child loss across the life cycle: Clinical and research perspectives . In M. S. Stroebe , R. O. Hansson , W. Stroebe , & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 219 – 240 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , C. M. (1980). A comparison of adult bereavement in the death of a spouse, child, and parent. Omega , 10, 303–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schliefer , S. J. , Keller , S. E. , Camerino , M. , Thornton , J. C. , & Stein , M. ( 1983 ). Suppression of lymphocyte stimulation following bereavement . Journal of the American Medical Association , 250 , 374 – 377 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schut , H. , Stroebe , M. S. , van den Bout , J. , & Ternheggen , M. ( 2001 ). The efficacy of bereavement interventions: Determining who benefits . In M. S. Stroebe , R. O. Hansson , W. Stroebe , & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 705 – 737 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Sidmore , K. V. ( 2000 ). Parental bereavement: Levels of grief as affected by gender issues . Omega , 40 , 351 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder , C. R. ( 1999 ). Coping: Where are you going? In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 324 – 333 ). New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stroebe , M. S. & Schut , H. ( 2001 ). Models of coping with bereavement: A review . In M. S. Stroebe , R. O. Hansson , W. Stroebe , & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 375 – 403 ). Washington , D.C. : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Vachon , M. L. S. ( 1986 ). A comparison of the impact of breast cancer and bereavement: Personality, social support, and adaptation . In Stevan E. Hobfoll (Ed.), Stress, social support, and women. The series in clinical and community psychology (pp. 187 – 204 ). Washington , D.C. : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Van Heck , G. L. & De Ridder , D. T. ( 2001 ). Assessment of coping with loss: Dimensions and measurement . In M. S. Stroebe , R. O. Hansson , W. Stroebe , & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 449 – 470 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Videka-Sherman , L. ( 1982 ). Coping with the death of a child: A study over time . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 52 , 688 – 698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar