Refining the Assessment of Hopelessness: An Improved Way to Look to the Future

References

• Alford , B. A. , Lester , J. M. , Patel , R. J. , Buchanan , J. P. , & Giunta , L. C. ( 1995 ). Hopelessness predicts future depressive symptoms: A prospective analysis of cognitive vulnerability and cognitive content specificity . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 51 , 331 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arria , A. M. , O'Grady , K. E. , Caldeira , K. M. , Vincent , K. B. , Wilcox , H. C. , & Wish , E. D. ( 2009 ). Suicide ideation among college students: A multivariate analysis . Archives of Suicide Research , 13 , 230 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkham , M. , Mullin , T. , Leach , C. , Stiles , W. , & Lucock , M. ( 2007 ). Stability of the CORE-OM and the BDI-I prior to therapy: Evidence from routine practice . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice , 80 , 269 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrios , L. C. , Everett , S. A. , Simon , T. R. , & Brener , N. D. ( 2000 ). Suicide ideation among US college students: Associations with other injury risk behaviors . Journal of American College Health , 48 , 229 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Brown , G. , Berchick , R. J. , Stewart , B. L. , & Steer , R. A. ( 1990 ). Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: A replication with psychiatric outpatients . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 , 190 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Rush , J. , & Shaw , B. F. ( 1979 ). Cognitive therapy of depression . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. , Ball , R. , & Ranieri , W. F. ( 1996 ). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients . Journal of Personality Assessment , 67 , 588 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. , & Brown , G. K. ( 1996 ). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II . San Antonio , TX : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. , & Garbin , M. G. ( 1988 ). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation . Clinical Psychology Review , 8 , 77 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Ward , C. H. , Mendelson , M. , Mock , J. , & Erbaugh , J. ( 1961 ). An inventory for measuring depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 4 , 561 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Weissman , A. , Lester , D. , & Trexler , L. ( 1974 ). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 42 , 861 – 865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradvick , L. , Mattisson , C. , Bogren , M. , & Nettelbladt , P. ( 2008 ). Long-term suicide risk of depression in the Lundby cohort 1947–1997—severity and gender . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 117 , 185 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , G. K. , Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. , & Grisham , J. R. ( 2000 ). Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 68 , 371 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , E. , Sanna , L. , Hirsch , J. , & Jeglic , E. (2010). Loneliness and negative life events as predictors of hopelessness and suicidal behaviors in Hispanics: Evidence for a diathesis-stress model. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 66, 1242–1253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , B. J. , Enns , M. W. , & Clara , I. P. ( 2004 ). Psychological dimensions associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 34 , 209 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisle , M. , & Holden , R. ( 2009 ). Differentiating between depression, hopelessness, and psychache in university undergraduates . Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development , 42 ( 1 ), 46 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozois , D. J. A. , Ahnberg , J. L. , & Dobson , K. S. ( 1998 ). Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II . Psychological Assessment , 10 , 83 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozois , D. J. A. , & Covin , R. ( 2004 ). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) . In M. Hersen (Series Ed.) , D. L. Segal & M. Hilsenroth (Vol. Eds.) , Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment: Vol. 2. Personality assessment and psychopathology (pp. 50 – 69 ). New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Furr , S. R. , Westefeld , J. S. , McConnell , G. N. , & Jenkinds , J. M. ( 2001 ). Suicide and depression among college students: A decade later . Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , 32 , 97 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gencoz , F. , Vatan , S. , Walker , R. L. , & Lester , D. ( 2007 ). Hopelessness and suicidality in Turkish and American respondents . Omega: Journal of Death and Dying , 55 , 311 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez , P. , Osman , A. , Kopper , B. , Barrios , F. , & Bagge , C. ( 2000 ). Suicide risk assessment in a college student population . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 47 , 403 – 413 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeppner , B. B. , Hoeppner , S. S. , & Campbell , J. F. ( 2009 ). Examining trends in intake rates, client symptoms, hopelessness, and suicidality in a university counseling center over 12 years . Journal of College Student Development , 50 , 539 – 550 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden , R. R. , & Fekken , G. C. ( 1988 ). Test-retest reliability of the hopelessness scale and its items in a university population . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 44 , 40 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeglic , K. L. , Pepper , C. M. , Vanderhoff , H. A. , & Ryabchenko , K. A. ( 2007 ). An analysis of suicidal ideation in a college sample . Archives of Suicide Research , 11 , 41 – 56 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joiner , T. E. ( 2003 ). Contagion of suicidal symptoms as a function of assortative relating and shared relationship stress in college roommates . Journal of Adolescence , 26 , 495 – 504 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner , T. E. , Alfano , M. S. , & Metalsky , G. I. ( 1992 ). When depression breeds contempt: Reassurance-seeking, self-esteem, and rejection of depressed college students by their roommates . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 101 , 165 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner , T. E. , Brown , J. S. , & Wingate , L. ( 2005 ). The psychology and neurobiology of suicidal behavior . Annual Review of Psychology , 56 , 287 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler , R. C. , Borges , G. , & Walters , E. E. ( 1999 ). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey . Archives of General Psychiatry , 56 , 617 – 626 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisch , J. , Leino , E. V. , & Silverman , M. M. (2005). Aspects of suicidal behavior, depression, and treatment in college students: Results from the Spring 2000 National College Health Assessment Survey. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 35, 3–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konick , L. C. , & Gutierrez , P. M. ( 2005 ). Testing a model of suicide ideation in college students . Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior , 35 , 181 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhinrichsen-Rohling , J. , Arata , C. , Bowers , D. , O'Brien , N. , & Morgan , A. ( 2004 ). Suicidal behavior, negative affect, gender, and self-reported delinquency in college students . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 34 , 255 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester , D. , & Walker , R. L. ( 2007 ). Hopelessness, helplessness, and haplessness as predictors of suicidal ideation . Omega: The Journal of Death and Dying , 55 , 321 – 324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan , D. , Gilbody , S. , Beresford , E. , & Neilly , L. ( 2007 ). Can we predict suicide and non-fatal self-harm with the Beck Hopelessness Scale? A meta-analysis . Psychological Medicine , 37 , 769 – 778 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metalsky , G. I. , & Joiner , T. E. ( 1997 ). The Hopelessness Depressions Symptom Questionnaire . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 21 , 359 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mystakidou , K. , Tsilika , E. , Parpa , E. , Pathiaki , M. , Galanos , A. , & Vlahos , L. ( 2008 ). The relationship between quality of life and levels of hopelessness and depression in palliative care . Depression and Anxiety , 25 , 730 – 736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver , J. M. , & Burkham , R. ( 1979 ). Depression in university students: Duration, relation to calendar time, prevalence, and demographic correlates . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 88 , 667 – 670 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pössel , P. , & Thomas , S. D. ( 2011 ). Cognitive triad as mediator in the hopelessness model? A three-wave longitudinal study . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 67 , 224 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman , M. M. , Meyer , P. M. , Sloane , F. , Raffel , M. , & Pratt , D. M. ( 1997 ). The Big Ten Student Study: A ten-year study of suicides on Midwestern university campuses . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 27 , 285 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. M. , Alloy , L. B. , & Abramson , L. Y. ( 2006 ). Cognitive vulnerability to depression, rumination, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation: Multiple pathways to self-injurious thinking . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 36 , 443 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steed , L. ( 2001 ). Further validity and reliability evidence for Beck Hopelessness Scale scores in a nonclinical sample . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 61 , 303 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. , & Fidell , L. S. ( 2007 ). Using multivariate statistics () , 5th ed. . Boston , MA : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Taliaferro , L. A. , Rienzo , B. A. , Pigg , M. , Miller , D. , & Dodd , V. J. ( 2009 ). Associations between physical activity and reduced rates of hopelessness, depression, and suicidal behavior among college students . Journal of American College Health , 57 , 427 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The American College Health Association . ( 2006 ). American College Health Association National College Health Assessment spring 2006 reference group data report (abridged) . Journal of American College Health , 55 , 195 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troister , T. , & Holden , R. R. (2010). Comparing psychache, depression, and hopelessness in their associations with suicidality: A test of Schneidman's theory of suicide. Personality and Individual Differences , 49, 689–693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valtonen , H. M. , Suominen , K. , Sokero , P. , Mantere , O. , Arvilommi , P. , Leppämäki , S. , & Isometsä , E. T. ( 2009 ). How suicidal bipolar patients are depends on how suicidal ideation is defined . Journal of Affective Disorders , 118 , 48 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzel , A. , Berchick , E. R. , Tenhave , T. , Halberstadt , S. , Brown , G. K. , & Beck , A. T. ( 2011 ). Predictors of suicide relative to other deaths in patients with suicide attempts and suicide ideation: A 30-year prospective study . Journal of Affective Disorders , 132 , 375 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westefeld , J. S. , Homaifar , B. , Spotts , J. , Furr , S. , Range , L. , & Werth , J. L. ( 2005 ). Perceptions concerning college student suicide: Data from four universities . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 35 , 640 – 645 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox , H. C. , Arria , A. M. , Caldeira , K. M. , Vincent , K. B. , Pinchevsky , G. M. , & O'Grady , K. E. ( 2010 ). Prevalence and predictors of persistent suicide ideation, plans, and attempts during college . Journal of Affective Disorders , 127 , 287 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , C. B. , Galanter , M. , Dermatis , H. , & Schwartz , V. ( 2008 ). The importance of hopelessness among university students seeking psychiatric counseling . Psychiatric Quarterly , 79 , 311 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , M. A. , Halper , I. S. , Clark , D. C. , Scheftner , W. A. , & Fawcett , J. ( 1992 ). An item-response theory evaluation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale . Cognitive Research and Therapy , 16 , 579 – 587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar