Bereavement of Israeli Arab Muslim widows: Determinants of adjustment and supporting attributes

References

• Aaker, J. L., & Schmitt, B. (2001). Culture-dependent assimilation and differentiation of the self: Preferences for consumption symbols in the United States and China. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 561–576. doi:10.1177/0022022101032005003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amirkhan, J. H., & Greaves, H. (2003). Sense of coherence and stress: The mechanics of a healthy disposition. Psychology and Health, 18, 31–62. doi:10.1080/0887044021000044233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the Sense of Coherence Scale. Social Science & Medicine, 36, 725–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayaz, T., Karanchi, A. N., & Aker, A. T. (2014). The reliability and validity studies of the Turkish version of Two-Track Model of Bereavement Questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry.
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Nadav, O., & Rubin, S. S. (2016). Love and bereavement: Life functioning and relationship to partner and spouse in bereaved and non-bereaved young women. Omega—Journal of Death and Dying, 74(1), 62–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 7, 151–169.
   Google Scholar
• Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1981). The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 139–157. doi:10.1007/bf00844267
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boelen, P. A., & Prigerson, H. (2007). The influence of symptoms of prolonged grief disorder, depression, and anxiety on quality of life among bereaved adults: A prospective study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 257, 444–452. doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0744-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Cahir, N., & Morris, R. D. (1991). The psychology student stress questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 414–417. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<414::aid-jclp2270470314>3.0.co;2-m
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debats, D. L., van der Lubbe, P. M., & Wezeman, F. R. A. (1993). On the psychometric properties of the life regard index (LRI): A measure of meaningful life. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 337–345. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90132-m
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L. R., & Savitz, K. L. (2000). The SCL-90-R and brief symptom inventory (BSI) in primary care. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), Handbook of psychological assessment in primary care settings (pp. 297–334). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34–43. doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwairy, M., & Van-Sickle, T. (1996). Western psychotherapy in traditional Arab societies. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 231–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyregrov, A., Gjestad, R., & Raundalen, M. (2002). Children exposed to warfare: A longitudinal study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 59–68. doi:10.1023/a:1014335312219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebert, S. A., Tucker, D. C., & Roth, D. L. (2002). Psychological resistance factors as predictors of general health status and physical symptom reporting. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 7, 363–375. doi:10.1080/13548500220139449
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, M., & Lindstrom, B. (2005). Validity of Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale: A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiological Community Health, 59, 460–466. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.018085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, N. P., & Friedrichs, M. (2004). Continuing bonds in coping with the death of a husband. Death Studies, 28, 597–620. doi:10.1080/07481180490476425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man’s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. New York, NY: Washington Square Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia, standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. London, England: Hogarth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbar, O., & Ben-Zur, H. (2002). Cancer and the family caregiver: Distress and coping. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Haj-Yahia, M. M. (2003). Beliefs about wife beating among Arab men from Israel: The influence of their patriarchal ideology. Journal of Family Violence, 18, 193–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilu-Munir, N. (2007). Self-differentiation, collectivity-individuality, and satisfaction with marriage among Arab Israelis (Ph.D. Thesis). Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz, M., Wilner, N. J., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of events scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209–218. doi:10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, S. A., & O'Regan, J. (1994). Stress and the graduate psychology student. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50(6), 973–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isik, E., & Bulduk, S. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Differentiation of self inventory-revised in Turkish adults. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 41(1), 102–112. doi:10.1111/jmft.12022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation: An approach based on Bowen theory. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• King, L. A., & Napa, C. K. (1998). What makes good life? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 156–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause, N. (2007). Evaluating the stress-buffering function of meaning in life among older people. Journal of Aging and Health, 19, 792–812. doi:10.1177/0898264307304390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, C. M., & Chan-So, P. C. Y. (2015). Validation of the Chinese version of differentiation of the self inventory (C-DSI). Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 41(1), 86–101. doi:10.1111/jmft.12031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson, G., & Kallenberg, K. O. (1999). Dimensional analysis of sense of coherence using structural equation modeling. European Journal of Personality, 13, 51–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layous, K., Nelson, S. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). What is the optimal way to deliver a positive activity intervention? The case of writing about one’s best possible selves. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 635–654. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9346-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrom, T. C. (1999). Coping with bereavement in relation to different feminine gender roles. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 33–41. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopata, H. Z. (1996). Widowhood and husband sanctification. In I. D. Klass, P. R. Silverman, & S. L. Nickman (Eds.), Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief (pp. 149–162). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Lotterman, J. H., Bonanno, G. A., & Galatzer-Levi, I. (2014). The heterogeneity of long-term grief reactions. Journal of Affective Disorders, 167(1), 12–19. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkinson, R., & Rubin, S. S. (2007). The Two-Track Model of Bereavement: A balanced model. In R. Malkinson (Ed.), Cognitive grief therapy: Constructing arational meaning to life following loss (pp. 23–43). New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Mehria, Y., Salaria, S. M., Langroudi, M. S., & Baharamizadeha, H. (2011). The relationship between differentiation of self and aspects of identity. Paper presented at the 2nd World Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Guidance. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.143
   Google Scholar
• Neimeyer, R., Keese, N. J., & Fortner, B. V. (2000). Loss and meaning reconstruction: Propositions and procedures. In R. Malkinson, S. S. Rubin, & E. Witztum (Eds.), Traumatic and nontraumatic loss and bereavement: Clinical theory and practice (pp. 197–230). Madison, CT: Psychological Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, J.-K., Keung Wong, D. F., Joubert, L., & Wan Chan, C. L. (2008). The protective function of meaning of life on life satisfaction among Chinese students in Australia and Hong Kong: A cross-cultural comparative study. Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 221–231. doi:10.3200/jach.57.2.221-232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkes, C. M. (2006). Symposium on complicated grief. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 52, 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, S., Aunola, K., Feldt, T., Leinonen, R., & Ruoppila, I. (2005). The relationship between generalized resistance resources, sense of coherence, and health among Finnish people aged 65–69. European Psychologist, 10, 244–253. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.10.3.244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S. (1981). A Two-Track Model of Bereavement: Theory and research. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 101–109. doi:10.1111/j.19390025.1981.tb01352.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S., (1984). Maternal attachment and child death: On adjustment, relationship and resolution. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 15, 347–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S. (1985). The resolution of bereavement: A clinical focus on the relationshipto the deceased. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 22, 231–235. doi:10.1037/h0085499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S., (1993). The death of a child is forever: The life course impact of child loss. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.). Handbook of bereavement: Theory, research and intervention (pp. 285–299). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S. (1999). The Two-Track Model of Bereavement: Overview, retrospectand prospect. Death Studies, 23, 681–714. doi:10.1080/074811899200731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S., Bar Nadav, O., Malkinson, R., Koren, D., Goffer-Shnarch, M., & Michaeli, E. (2009). The Two-Track Model of Bereavement Questionnaire (TTBQ): Development and validation of a relational measure, Death Studies, 33(4), 305–333. doi:10.1080/07481180802705668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S., Malkinson, R., & Witztum, E. (2008). Clinical aspects of a DSM complicated grief diagnosis: Challenges, dilemmas, and opportunities. In M. Stroebe, R. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schuts (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention (pp. 187–206). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, S. S., Malkinson, R., & Witztum, E. (2012). Working with the bereaved: Multiple lenses on loss and mourning. New York, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2013.845726
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397–427. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.6.1069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnarch, D. M. (1998). Passionate marriage: Love, sex and intimacy in emotionally committed relationships. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Schut, H. A. W., DeKeijser, J., van den Bout, J., & Stroebe, M. (1996). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in the first years of conjugal bereavement. Anxiety Research, 4, 225–234.
   Google Scholar
• Skoworn, E. A., Wester, S. R., & Azen, R. (2004). Differentiation of self -mediates college stress and adjustment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82, 69–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80–93. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroebe, M. S., Gergen, M. M., Gergen, K. J., & Stroebe, W. (1992). Broken hearts or broken bonds. American Psychologist, 47, 1205–1212. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.47.10.1205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations andempirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1–18. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thabet, A. A., & Vostanis, P. (2000). Post-traumatic stress disorder reactions in children of war: A longitudinal study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 291–298. doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00127-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikan, U. (1988). Bereavement and loss in two Muslim communities: Egypt and Bali compared. Social Sciences and Medicine, 27(5), 451–460. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90368-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasien-Esmael, H. (2016). Coping with widowhood among Arab-Moslem women in the light of the Two-Track Model of Bereavement (Ph.D. Thesis). University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
   Google Scholar
• Yasien-Esmael, H., & Rubin, S. S. (2005). The meaning structures of Muslim bereavement in Israel: Religious traditions, mourning practices and human experience. Death Studies, 29, 495–518. doi:10.1080/07481180590962668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeidner, M. (2006). Gender group differences in coping with chronic terror: The Israeli scene. Sex Roles, 54, 297–310. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9346-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar