References
- Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217–237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Archer, J. (1999). The nature of grief: The evolution and psychology of reactions to loss. Routledge Press.
- Banich, M. T., Mackiewicz, K. L., Depue, B. E., Whitmer, A. J., Miller, G. A., & Heller, W. (2009). Cognitive control mechanisms, emotion and memory: A neural perspective with implications for psychopathology. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 33(5), 613–630. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.010
- Barry, L. C., Kasl, S. V., & Prigerson, H. G. (2002). Psychiatric disorders among bereaved persons: The role of perceived circumstances of death and preparedness for death. The American Journal of geriatric psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(4), 447–457.
- Boelen, P. A. (2010). A sense of “unrealness” about the death of a loved-one: An exploratory study of its role in emotional complications among bereaved individuals. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(2), 238–251.
- Boelen, P. A., de Keijser, J., van den Hout, M. A., & van den Bout, J. (2007). Treatment of complicated grief: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 75(2), 277–284. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.2.277
- Boelen, P. A., Kip, H. J., Voorsluijs, J. J., & van den Bout, J. (2004). Irrational beliefs and basic assumptions in bereaved university students: A comparison study. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 22(2), 111–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JORE.0000025441.39310.49
- Boelen, P. A., & Klugkist, I. (2011). Cognitive behavioral variables mediate the associations of neuroticism and attachment insecurity with prolonged grief disorder severity. Anxiety, Stress, and coping, 24(3), 291–307. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2010.527335
- Boelen, P. A., & Lenferink, L. I. (2019). Symptoms of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and depression in recently bereaved people: Symptom profiles, predictive value, and cognitive behavioural correlates. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55, 765–777.
- Boelen, P. A., & Lensvelt-Mulders, G. J. (2005). Psychometric properties of the grief cognitions questionnaire (GCQ). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 27(4), 291–303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-005-2409-5
- Boelen, P., & van den Bout, J. (2010). Anxious and depressive avoidance and symptoms of prolonged grief, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychologica Belgica, 50(1–2), 49–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-50-1-2-49
- Boelen, P. A., van den Bout, J., & van den Hout, M. A. (2003). The role of cognitive variables in psychological functioning after the death of a first degree relative. Behaviour Research and therapy, 41(10), 1123–1136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00259-0
- Boelen, P. A., van den Hout, M. A., & van den Bout, J. (2006). A cognitive behavioral conceptualization of complicated grief. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13(2), 109–128.
- Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 8(6), 591–612. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116
- Brent, D., Melhem, N., Donohoe, M. B., & Walker, M. (2009). The incidence and course of depression in bereaved youth 21 months after the loss of a parent to suicide, accident, or sudden natural death. The American Journal of psychiatry, 166(7), 786–794. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08081244
- Cesur, G. (2017). Karmaşık yas: Bilişsel-davranışçı model çerçevesinde bir inceleme [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ankara University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, Turkey.
- Cesur, G., & Durak-Batıgün, A. (2018). A Turkish adaptation of the grief cognitions questionnaire: reliability and validity. Current Psychology, 37, 1–9.
- Currier, J. M., Holland, J. M., Coleman, R. A., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2008). Bereavement following violent death: An assault on life and meaning. In R. G. Stevenson & G. R. Cox (Eds.), Death, value and meaning series. Perspectives on violence and violent death (pp. 177–202). Baywood Publishing.
- Currier, J. M., Holland, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2006). Sense-making, grief, and the experience of violent loss: Toward a mediational model. Death Studies, 30(5), 403–428. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180600614351
- Dijkstra, I. C. (2000). Living with loss: Parents grieving for the death of their child [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Utrecht University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, The Netherlands.
- Diminich, E. D., & Bonanno, G. A. (2014). Faces, feelings, words: Divergence across channels of emotional responding in complicated grief. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(2), 350–361.
- Djelantik, A. M. J., Smid, G. E., Mroz, A., Kleber, R. J., & Boelen, P. A. (2020). The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in bereaved individuals following unnatural losses: Systematic review and meta regression analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 146–156.
- Eisma, M. C., & Stroebe, M. S. (2020). Emotion regulatory strategies in complicated grief: A systematic review. Behavior Therapy. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.004
- Er, N., & Uçar, F. (2004). Yoğun Duygu yaşam olaylarında kişisel anı aktarımları ve referans noktaları aracılığıyla otobiyografik bellek örüntülerinin incelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni, 19(53), 1–18.
- Erdem Atak, İ., Beyazıt, U., Subay, N., Sarı, B, & Reyhan, B. (2012). Karmaşık yas envanteri (revize edilmiş formu)’nin Türkçe’ye çevirisi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Poster Bildiri, 17. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi 25–28 Nisan 2012.
- Field, N., & Sundin, E. (2001). Attachment style in adjustment to conjugal bereavement. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18(3), 347–361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407501183003
- Field, N. P., & Horowitz, M. J. (1998). Applying an empty-chair monologue paradigm to examine unresolved grief. Psychiatry, 61(4), 279–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1998.11024840
- Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Loss and bereavement: Attachment theory and recent controversies concerning “grief work” and the nature of detachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 735–759). Guilford Press.
- Gegieckaite, G., & Kazlauskas, E. (2020). Do emotion regulation difficulties mediate the association between neuroticism, insecure attachment, and prolonged grief? Death Studies. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1788667
- Golden, A. M., Dalgleish, T., & Mackintosh, B. (2007). Levels of specificity of autobiographical memories and of biographical memories of the deceased in bereaved individuals with and without complicated grief. Journal of abnormal psychology, 116(4), 786–795. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.116.4.786
- Goldsmith, B., Morrison, R. S., Vanderwerker, L. C., & Prigerson, H. G. (2008). Elevated rates of prolonged grief disorder in African Americans. Death Studies, 32(4), 352–365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180801929012
- Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
- Gupta, S., & Bonanno, G. A. (2011). Complicated grief and deficits in emotional expressive flexibility. Journal of abnormal psychology, 120(3), 635–643. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023541
- Hardison, H. G., Neimeyer, R. A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2005). Insomnia and complicated grief symptoms in bereaved college students. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 3(2), 99–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15402010bsm0302_4
- He, L., Tang, S., Yu, W., Xu, W., Xie, Q., & Wang, J. (2014). The prevalence, comorbidity and risks of prolonged grief disorder among bereaved Chinese adults. Psychiatry Research, 219(2), 347–352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.022
- Heeke, C., Kampisiou, C., Niemeyer, H., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2017). A systematic review and meta-analysis of correlates of prolonged grief disorder in adults exposed to violent loss. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup6), 1583524–1583520. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1583524
- Herberman Mash, H. B., Fullerton, C. S., & Ursano, R. J. (2013). Complicated grief and bereavement in young adults following close friend and sibling loss. Depression and anxiety, 30(12), 1202–1210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22068
- Holland, J. M., Klingspon, K. L., Lichtenthal, W. G., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2020). The Unfinished Business in Bereavement Scale (UBBS): Development and psychometric evaluation. Death Studies, 44(2), 65–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2018.1521101
- Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. Free Press.
- Kaltman, S., & Bonanno, G. A. (2003). Trauma and bereavement: Examining the impact of sudden and violent deaths. Journal of anxiety disorders, 17(2), 131–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00184-6
- Kauffman, J. (2002). Safety and the assumptive world. In J. Kauffman (Ed.), Loss of the assumptive world (pp. 205–211). Brunner-Routledge.
- Kersting, A., Brähler, E., Glaesmer, H., & Wagner, B. (2011). Prevalence of complicated grief in a representative population-based sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 131(1–3), 339–343. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.032
- Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford.
- Klingspon, K. L., Holland, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., & Lichtenthal, W. G. (2015). Unfinished business in bereavement. Death Studies, 39(7), 387–398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2015.1029143
- Kuo, C. J., Tang, H. S., Tsay, C. J., Lin, S. K., Hu, W. H., & Chen, C. C. (2003). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among bereaved survivors of a disastrous earthquake in Taiwan. Psychiatric Services, 54(2), 249–251. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.54.2.249
- Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press on Demand.
- Lehman, D. R., Wortman, C. B., & Williams, A. F. (1987). Long-term effects of losing a spouse or child in a motor vehicle crash. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 218–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.218
- Lundorff, M., Holmgren, H., Zachariae, R., Farver-Vestergaard, I., & O’Connor, M. (2017). Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 138–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.030
- Maccallum, F., & Bryant, R. A. (2010). Impaired autobiographical memory in complicated grief. Behaviour Research and therapy, 48(4), 328–334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.006
- Maccallum, F., & Bryant, R. A. (2013). A cognitive attachment model of prolonged grief: Integrating attachments, memory, and identity. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 713–727. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.001
- Nagy, D., & Szamosközi, Ş. (2014). The relationship between irrational cognitions, autobiographical memory, coping strategies and complicated grief. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 524–528. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.303
- Parkes, C. M. (2006). Love and loss: The roots of grief and its complications. Taylor & Francis.
- Parkes, C. M., & Prigerson, H. G. (2010). Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life (4th ed.). Routledge.
- Prigerson, H. G. (2004). Complicated grief: When the path of adjustment leads to a dead end. Bereavement Care, 23(3), 38–40.
- Prigerson, H. G., Bierhals, A. J., Kasl, S. V., Reynolds, C. F., Shear, M. K., Day, N., Beery, L. C., Newsom, J. T., & Jacobs, S. (1997). Traumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity. The American Journal of psychiatry, 154(5), 616–623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.5.616
- Prigerson, H. G., Frank, E., Kasl, S. V., Reynolds, C. F., Anderson, B., Zubenko, G. S., Houck, P. R., George, C. J., & Kupfer, D. J. (1995). Complicated grief and bereavement-related depression as distinct disorders: Preliminary empirical validation in elderly bereaved spouses. The American Journal of psychiatry, 152(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.1.22
- Prigerson, H. G., Horowitz, M. J., Jacobs, S. C., Parkes, C. M., Aslan, M., Goodkin, K., Raphael, B., Marwit, S. J., Wortman, C., Neimeyer, R. A., Bonanno, G. A., Bonanno, G., Block, S. D., Kissane, D., Boelen, P., Maercker, A., Litz, B. T., Johnson, J. G., First, M. B., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2009). Prolonged grief disorder: Psychometric validation of criteria proposed for DSM-V and ICD-11. PLoS Medicine, 6(8), e1000121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000121
- Prigerson, H. G., Maciejewski, P. K., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2000). Preliminary explorations of the harmful interactive effects of widowhood and marital harmony on health, health service use, and health care costs. The Gerontologist, 40(3), 349–357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/40.3.349
- Prigerson, H. G., Shear, M. K., Jacobs, S. C., Reynolds, C. F., Maciejewski, P. K., Davidson, J. R., Rosenheck, R., Pilkonis, P. A., Wortman, C. B., Williams, J. B., Widiger, T. A., Frank, E., Kupfer, D. J., & Zisook, S. (1999). Consensus criteria for traumatic grief. A preliminary empirical test. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 67–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.1.67
- Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (2000). Emotion regulation and memory: The cognitive costs of keeping one’s cool. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 410–424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.410
- Robinaugh, D. J., & McNally, R. J. (2013). Remembering the past and envisioning the future in bereaved adults with and without complicated grief. Clinical Psychological Science, 1(3), 290–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613476027
- Rugancı, R. N., & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(4), 442–455.
- Shanfield, S. B., Swain, B. J., & Benjamin, G. A. H. (1987). Parents’ responses to the death of adult children from accidents and cancer: A comparison. OMEGA – Journal of Death and Dying, 17(4), 289–298.
- Shear, K., & Shair, H. (2005). Attachment, loss, and complicated grief. Developmental Psychobiology, 47(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20091
- Shear, M. K. (2012). Grief and mourning gone awry: Pathway and course of complicated grief. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 14(2), 119–128.
- Shear, M. K., Frank, E., Houck, P. R., & Reynolds, C. F. (2005). Treatment of complicated grief: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(21), 2601–2608. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.21.2601
- Shirai, A., Nakajima, S., Maki, S., Tatsuno, B., & Konishi, S. (2010). Complicated grief and posttraumatic stress disorder among bereaved adults following violent death in Japan: Prevalence and risk factors. Rinsho Seishinigaku, 39, 1053–1062.
- Skritskaya, N. A., Mauro, C., Garcia de la Garza, A., Meichsner, F., Lebowitz, B., Reynolds, C. F., Simon, N. M., Zisook, S., & Shear, M. K. (2020). Changes in typical beliefs in response to complicated grief treatment. Depression and Anxiety, 37(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22981
- Smith, K. V., & Ehlers, A. (2020, January 7). Prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress disorder following the loss of a significant other: An ınvestigation of cognitive and behavioural differences. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ba5dn.
- Stroebe, M. S., & Schut, H. (1999). The Dual Process Model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23(3), 197–224.
- Stroebe, M. S., Schut, H., & Boerner, K. (2010). Continuing bonds in adaptation to bereavement: Toward theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 259–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.007
- Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (2010). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: A decade on. Omega, 61(4), 273–289. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/OM.61.4.b
- Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Finkenauer, C. (2001). The traumatization of grief? A conceptual framework for understanding the trauma-bereavement interface. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 38(3–4), 185–201.
- Wittouck, C., Van Autreve, S., De Jaegere, E., Portzky, G., & van Heeringen, K. (2011). The prevention and treatment of complicated grief: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.005
- World Health Organization. (2018). ICD-11 Beta Draft (joint linearization for mortality and morbidity statistics). http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en.
- Zeigarnik, B. (1927). On finished and unfinished tasks (Über das behalten von erledigten und unerledigten handlungen). Psychol Forsch, 9, 22–28.