Psychometric properties of the German version of the Pre-loss Grief Questionnaire (PG-12-R)

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2022). (Ed.). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR. (5th ed., text revision). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Areia, N. P., Fonseca, G., Major, S., & Relvas, A. P. (2019). Psychological morbidity in family caregivers of people living with terminal cancer: Prevalence and predictors. Palliative & Supportive Care, 17(3), 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951518000044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashouri, A., Yousefi, S., & Prigerson, H. G. (2023). Psychometric properties of the PG-13-R scale to assess prolonged grief disorder among bereaved Iranian adults. Palliative & Supportive Care, 22(1), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951523000202
   Google Scholar
• Barry, L. C., Kasl, S. V., & Prigerson, H. G. (2002). Psychiatric disorders among bereaved persons: The role of perceived circumstances of death and preparedness for death. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(4), 447–457. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019442-200207000-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boelen, P. A., & Kolchinska, Y. (2023). Prolonged grief disorder: Nature, risk-factors, assessment, and cognitive-behavioural treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice, 7(2), e0702375. https://doi.org/10.26766/pmgp.v7i2.375
   Google Scholar
• Breen, L. J., Aoun, S. M., O’Connor, M., Johnson, A. R., & Howting, D. (2020). Effect of caregiving at end of life on grief, quality of life and general health: A prospective, longitudinal, comparative study. Palliative Medicine, 34(1), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216319880766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caserta, M. S., Utz, R. L., & Lund, D. A. (2013). Spousal bereavement following cancer death. Illness, Crises, and Loss, 21(3), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.2190/IL.21.3.b
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coelho, A., Silva, C., & Barbosa, A. (2017). Portuguese validation of the Prolonged Grief Disorder Questionnaire–Predeath (PG–12): Psychometric properties and correlates. Palliative & Supportive Care, 15(5), 544–553. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951516001000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cristobal, E., Flavián, C., & Guinalíu, M. (2007). Perceived e‐service quality (PeSQ): Measurement validation and effects on consumer satisfaction and web site loyalty. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 17(3), 317–340. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520710744326
   Google Scholar
• Eisma, M. C. (2023). Prolonged grief disorder in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR: Challenges and controversies. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 57(7), 944–951. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674231154206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, A. J. (1994). Anticipatory grief: A theoretical challenge. Palliative Medicine, 8(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/026921639400800211
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Feißt, M., Hennigs, A., Heil, J., Moosbrugger, H., Kelava, A., Stolpner, I., Kieser, M., & Rauch, G. (2019). Refining scores based on patient reported outcomes – Statistical and medical perspectives. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19(1), 167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0806-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Field, A. P. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics: And sex and drugs and rock ‘n’roll. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fulton, R. (2003). Anticipatory mourning: A critique of the concept. Mortality, 8(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.080/13576270310001613392
   Google Scholar
• Gilliland, G., & Fleming, S. (1998). A comparison of spousal anticipatory grief and conventional grief. Death Studies, 22(6), 541–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/074811898201399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman, L. (1954). Some necessary conditions for common-factor analysis. Psychometrika, 19(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289162
   Google Scholar
• Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, P. L., Thomas, K., Trauer, T., Remedios, C., & Clarke, D. (2011). Psychological and social profile of family caregivers on commencement of palliative care. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 41(3), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersting, A., Brähler, E., Glaesmer, H., & Wagner, B. (2011). Prevalence of complicated grief in a representative population-based sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 131(1-3), 339–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiely, D. K., Prigerson, H. G., & Mitchell, S. L. (2008). Health care proxy grief symptoms before the death of nursing home residents with advanced dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(8), 664–673. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181784143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokou‐Kpolou, C. K., Lenferink, L. I. M., Brunnet, A. E., Park, S., Megalakaki, O., Boelen, P., & Cénat, J. M. (2022). The ICD‐11 and DSM‐5‐TR prolonged grief criteria: Validation of the Traumatic Grief Inventory‐Self Report Plus using exploratory factor analysis and item response theory. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 29(6), 1950–1962. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenger, M. K., Neergaard, M. A., Guldin, M.-B., & Nielsen, M. K. (2020). Poor physical and mental health predicts prolonged grief disorder: A prospective, population-based cohort study on caregivers of patients at the end of life. Palliative Medicine, 34(10), 1416–1424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216320948007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindemann, E. (1944). Symptomatology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry, 101(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.101.2.141
   Google Scholar
• Mohsenabadi, H., Shabani, M. J., Assarian, F., & Zanjani, Z. (2020). Psychometric properties of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure: a psychological measure of mindfulness in youth. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14(1), e79986. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.79986
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, M. K., Neergaard, M. A., Jensen, A. B., Bro, F., & Guldin, M.-B. (2016). Do we need to change our understanding of anticipatory grief in caregivers? A systematic review of caregiver studies during end-of-life caregiving and bereavement. Clinical Psychology Review, 44, 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, M. K., Neergaard, M. A., Jensen, A. B., Vedsted, P., Bro, F., & Guldin, M.-B. (2017a). Predictors of complicated grief and depression in bereaved caregivers: A nationwide prospective cohort study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 53(3), 540–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.09.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, M. K., Neergaard, M. A., Jensen, A. B., Vedsted, P., Bro, F., & Guldin, M.-B. (2017b). Preloss grief in family caregivers during end-of-life cancer care: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Psycho-oncology, 26(12), 2048–2056. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J., Levine, H., & Galvin, J. E. (2022). Factor structure of Pre‐Loss Grief‐12 in caregivers of people living with dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 8(1), e12322. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12322
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pohlkamp, L., Kreicbergs, U., Prigerson, H. G., & Sveen, J. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) in bereaved Swedish parents. Psychiatry Research, 267, 560–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prigerson, H. G., & Maciejewski, P. (2008). Prolonged grief disorder (PG-13) scale. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Prigerson, H. G., Boelen, P. A., Xu, J., Smith, K. V., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2021). Validation of the new DSM‐5‐TR criteria for prolonged grief disorder and the PG‐13‐ Revised (PG‐13‐R) scale. World Psychiatry, 20(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rando, T. A. (1988). Anticipatory grief: The term is a misnomer but the phenomenon exists. Journal of Palliative Care, 4(1-2), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0825859788004001-223
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosner, R. (2021). PG-13-R (German). Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://endoflife.weill.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/file_uploads/pg13-r-german.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rosner, R., Comtesse, H., Vogel, A., & Doering, B. K. (2021). Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 287, 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, V., Kaiser, J., Treml, J., & Kersting, A. (2022). The relationship between pre-loss grief, preparedness and psychological health outcomes in relatives of people with cancer. Omega, 302228221142675. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228221142675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekowski, M., & Prigerson, H. G. (2021). Associations between interpersonal dependency and severity of prolonged grief disorder symptoms in bereaved surviving family members. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 108, 152242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shear, M. K., Simon, N., Wall, M., Zisook, S., Neimeyer, R., Duan, N., Reynolds, C., Lebowitz, B., Sung, S., Ghesquiere, A., Gorscak, B., Clayton, P., Ito, M., Nakajima, S., Konishi, T., Melhem, N., Meert, K., Schiff, M., O’Connor, M.-F., … Keshaviah, A. (2011). Complicated grief and related bereavement issues for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28(2), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, J., Roberts, K. E., McLean, E., Fadalla, C., Coats, T., Rogers, M., Wilson, M. K., Godwin, K., & Lichtenthal, W. G. (2022). An examination and proposed definitions of family members’ grief prior to the death of individuals with a life-limiting illness: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 36(4), 581–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692163221074540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theut, S. K., Jordan, L., Ross, L. A., & Deutsch, S. I. (1991). Caregiver’s anticipatory grief in dementia: A pilot study. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 33(2), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.2190/4KYG-J2E1-5KEM-LEBA
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomarken, A., Holland, J., Schachter, S., Vanderwerker, L., Zuckerman, E., Nelson, C., Coups, E., Ramirez, P. M., & Prigerson, H. G. (2008). Factors of complicated grief pre-death in caregivers of cancer patients. Psycho-oncology, 17(2), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topp, C. W., Østergaard, S. D., Søndergaard, S., & Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 well-being index: A systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(3), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1159/000376585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treml, J., Brähler, E., & Kersting, A. (2022). Prevalence, factor structure and correlates of DSM-5-tr criteria for prolonged grief disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 880380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.880380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treml, J., Nagl, M., Braehler, E., Boelen, P. A., & Kersting, A. (2021a). Psychometric properties of the German version of the Depressive and Anxious Avoidance in Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (DAAPGQ). PloS One, 16(8), e0254959. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treml, J., Schmidt, V., Nagl, M., & Kersting, A. (2021b). Pre-loss grief and preparedness for death among caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 284, 114240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 56–75). Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2018). ICD-11—International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision). https://icd.who.int/en
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1998). Wellbeing measures in primary health care/the DEPCARE project: Report on a WHO meeting. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/130750/E60246.pdf
   Google Scholar