Ultrasound assessment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a literature review for the primary care physician

References

• Ciotti M, Angeletti S, Minieri M, et al. COVID-19 outbreak: an overview. Chemotherapy. 2019;64(5–6):215–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (https://qap.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/COVID-19/COVID-19.html#global-overview-tab).
   Google Scholar
• Chevallier Lugon C, Kharat A, Soccal PM, et al. Implementing lung ultrasound in the outpatient management of COVID-19 pneumonia: a pilot study to update local guidelines. Front Med. 2021;8:774035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Via G, Melniker L, et al. Multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound for COVID-19 (PoCUS4COVID): international expert consensus. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Qi T, Liu L, et al. Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in shanghai, China. J Infect. 2020;80(5):e1–e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanael M. Point-of-care ultrasonography, primary care, and prudence. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(8):650–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wordsworth S, Scott A. Ultrasound scanning by general practitioners: is it worthwhile? J Public Health Med. 2002;24(2):88–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aakjaer Andersen C, Jensen MBB, Toftegaard BS, et al. Primary care physicians' access to in-house ultrasound examinations across Europe: a questionnaire study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e030958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmetz P, Oleskevich S. The benefits of doing ultrasound exams in your office. J Fam Pract. 2016;65(8):517–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen CA, Brodersen J, Rudbæk TR, et al. Patients' experiences of the use of point-of-care ultrasound in general practice – a cross-sectional study. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp J, Burke K, Daubaras SM, et al. The role of PoCUS in the assessment of COVID-19 patients. J Ultrasound. 2021;:1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ultrasound guidelines: emergency, point-of-care and clinical ultrasound guidelines in medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;69(5):e27–e54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollard CA, Morran MP, Nestor-Kalinoski AL. The COVID-19 pandemic: a global health crisis. Physiol Genomics. 2020;52(11):549–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johri AM, Galen B, Kirkpatrick JN, et al. ASE statement on point-of-Care ultrasound during the 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(6):670–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerici B, Muscatello A, Bai F, et al. Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection with nasopharyngeal swabs. Front Public Health. 2020;8:593491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sule WF, Oluwayelu DO. Real-time RT-PCR for COVID-19 diagnosis: challenges and prospects. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, et al. Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(8):4381–4389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polverino F, Stern DA, Ruocco G, et al. Comorbidities, cardiovascular therapies, and COVID-19 mortality: a nationwide, Italian Observational Study (ItaliCO). Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:585866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E32–E40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peixoto AO, Costa RM, Uzun R, et al. Applicability of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 diagnosis and evaluation of the disease progression: a systematic review. Pulmonology. 2021;27(6):529–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Gioia CC, Artusi N, Xotta G, et al. Lung ultrasound in ruling out COVID-19 pneumonia in the ED: a multicentre prospective sensitivity study. Emerg Med J. 2022;39(3):199-205.:
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner DS, Liu GY, Omron R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective cohort study. Ultrasound J. 2021;13(1):12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lichtenstein DA, Mezière GA. Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure: the BLUE protocol. Chest. 2008;134(1):117–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi S, Savinelli C, Paolucci E, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) in the early diagnosis of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in a first-level emergency department during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy: a real-life analysis. Intern Emerg Med. 2022;17(1):193–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin F, Douillet D, Hamel JF, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for risk stratification of non-critical COVID-19 patients on admission (POCUSCO): a study protocol of an international study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):e041118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narinx N, Smismans A, Symons R, et al. Feasibility of using point-of-care lung ultrasound for early triage of COVID-19 patients in the emergency room. Emerg Radiol. 2020;27(6):663–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen CA, Holden S, Vela J, et al. Point-of-Care ultrasound in general practice: a systematic review. Ann Fam Med. 2019;17(1):61–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1099–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zieleskiewicz L, Markarian T, Lopez A, et al. Comparative study of lung ultrasound and chest computed tomography scan in the assessment of severity of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(9):1707–1713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiler C, Klingberg C, Hårdstedt M. Lung ultrasound for identification of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19. J Ultrasound Med. 2021;40(11):2339–2351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpicelli G, Gargani L. Sonographic signs and patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia. Ultrasound J. 2020;12(1):22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Volpicelli G, Lamorte A, Villén T. What's new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(7):1445–1448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldati G, Copetti R, Sher S. Sonographic interstitial syndrome: the sound of lung water. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28(2):163–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichter Y, Topilsky Y, Taieb P, et al. Lung ultrasound predicts clinical course and outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(10):1873–1883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tana C, Ricci F, Coppola MG, et al. Prognostic significance of chest imaging by LUS and CT in COVID-19 inpatients: the ECOVID multicenter study. Respiration. 2022;101(2):122–131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratianni G, Malfatto G, Perger E, et al. Lung ultrasound in patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: correlations with chest computed tomography, respiratory impairment, and inflammatory Cascade. J Ultrasound Med. 2021 Sep 17. doi: 10.1002/jum.15831. Online ahead of print.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawit H, Absi M, Islam N, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging modalities for the detection of COVID-19. World J Radiol. 2022;14(2):47–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ökmen K, Yildiz DK, Soyaslan E, et al. Comparison of two different lung ultrasound imaging protocols in COVID-19 pneumonia. Ultrasonography. 2022;41(1):212–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nouvenne A, Zani MD, Milanese G, et al. Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia: correlations with chest CT on hospital admission. Respiration. 2020;99(7):617–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlandi D, Battaglini D, Robba C, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 phenotypes, lung ultrasound, chest computed tomography and clinical features in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021;47(12):3323–3332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Ardes D, Boccatonda A, Rossi I, et al. COVID-19 and RAS: unravelling an unclear relationship. IJMS. 2020;21(8):3003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagnesi M, Baldetti L, Beneduce A, et al. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Heart. 2020;106(17):1324–1331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck MR, Bularga A, Hahn RT, et al. Global evaluation of echocardiography in patients with COVID-19. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;21(9):949–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameli M, Pastore MC, Soliman Aboumarie H, et al. Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients. Echocardiography. 2020;37(8):1278–1286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosa I, Castelli A, Castelli M, et al. Response to COVID-19: was Italy (un)prepared? Health Econ Policy Law. 2022;17(1):1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romani G, Dal Mas F, Massaro M, et al. Population health strategies to support hospital and intensive care unit resiliency during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Italian experience. Popul Health Manag. 2021;24(2):174–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brocard E, Antoine P, Mélihan-Cheinin P, et al. COVID-19's impact on home health services, caregivers and patients: lessons from the French experience. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;8:100197.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yordanov Y, Dechartres A, Lescure X, et al. AP-HP/universities/inserm COVID-19 research collaboration. Covidom, a telesurveillance solution for home monitoring patients with COVID-19. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(10):e20748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Aguilar C, Casado-Aranda LA, Farrés Fernández M, et al. Has COVID-19 changed the workload for primary care physicians? The case of Spain. Fam Pract. 2021;38(6):780–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moro F, Buonsenso D, Moruzzi MC, et al. How to perform lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;55(5):593–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rykkje A, Carlsen JF, Nielsen MB. Hand-Held ultrasound devices compared with High-End ultrasound systems: a systematic review. Diagnostics. 2019;9(2):61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse KH, Luk WH, Lam MC. Pocket-sized versus standard ultrasound machines in abdominal imaging. Singapore Med J. 2014;55(6):325–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baribeau Y, Sharkey A, Chaudhary O, et al. Handheld point-of-care ultrasound probes: the new generation of POCUS. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34(11):3139–3145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zardi EM, Franceschetti E, Giorgi C, et al. Accuracy and performance of a new handheld ultrasound machine with wireless system. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):14599.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shokoohi H, Duggan NM, García-de-Casasola Sánchez G, et al. Lung ultrasound monitoring in patients with COVID-19 on home isolation. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(12):2759.e5–2759.e8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Götzinger F, Santiago-García B, Noguera-Julián A, et al. COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(9):653–661.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buonsenso D, Pata D, Chiaretti A. COVID-19 outbreak: less stethoscope, more ultrasound. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):e27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copetti R. Is lung ultrasound the stethoscope of the new millennium? Acta Med Acad. 2016;45(1):80–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buonsenso D, Parri N, De Rose C, et al. Toward a clinically based classification of disease severity for paediatric COVID- 19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hizal M, Aykac K, Yayla BCC, et al. Diagnostic value of lung ultrasonography in children with COVID-19. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021;56(5):1018–1025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanji MY, Ricci F, Patel RS, et al. Special article – the role of hand-held ultrasound for cardiopulmonary assessment during a pandemic. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(5):690–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci F, Aquilani R, Radico F, et al. Role and importance of ultrasound lung comets in acute cardiac care. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2015;4(2):103–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torres-Macho J, Aro T, Bruckner I, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound in internal medicine: a position paper by the ultrasound working group of the European Federation of Internal Medicine. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;73:67–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetrugno L, Baciarello M, Bignami E, et al. The "pandemic" increase in lung ultrasound use in response to covid-19: can we complement computed tomography findings? A narrative review. Ultrasound J. 2020;12(1):39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vetrugno L, Sala A, Orso D, et al. Lung ultrasound signs and their correlation with clinical symptoms in COVID-19 pregnant women: the "PINK-CO" observational study. Front Med. 2022;8:768261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetrugno L, Bove T, Orso D, et al. Lung ultrasound and the COVID-19 "pattern": not all that glitters today is gold tomorrow. J Ultrasound Med. 2020;39(11):2281–2282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari S, Juneja S, Ghosal A, et al. Antibacterial and antiviral high-performance nanosystems to mitigate new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2022;21:100363.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaushik A. Manipulative magnetic nanomedicine: the future of COVID-19 pandemic/endemic therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2021;18(5):531–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar