Economic Instruments for Water Management in the Middle East and North Africa

References

• Abdel-Gawad, S. (2006) Virtual water in the Arab world. Paper presented at the 4th World Water Forum: Local Actions for a Global Challenge, Mexico City, Mexico, 16–22 March.
   Google Scholar
• Abu Safieh , Y. 2004 . “ Water resources, protection and management in Palestine ” . In Water in the Middle East and in North Africa , Edited by: Zereini , F. and Jaeschke , W. 87 – 99 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Allan , T. 2001 . The Middle East Water Question: Hydropolitics and the Global Economy , London : I.B. Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Allan , T. 2004 . “ Why no Middle East water wars: global solutions to local deficits? ” . In Water in the Middle East and in North Africa , Edited by: Zereini , F. and Jaeschke , W. 111 – 125 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , R. C. 2002 . Incentive-Based Policies for Environmental Management in Developing Countries, Issue Brief 02–07 , Washington DC : Resources for the Future .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , R. C. and Lohof , A. Q. 1997 . The United States Experience with Economic Incentives in Environmental Pollution Control Policy , Washington DC : Environmental Law Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Arab Water Council (2006) Middle East and North Africa regional document. Paper presented at the 4th World Water Forum Local Actions for a Global Challenge, Mexico City, Mexico, 16–22 March.
   Google Scholar
• Bakir, H. (2001) Water Demand Management & Pollution Control: Key to Securing and Safeguarding the Water Supplies of MENA in the 21st Century, Beirut. Lebanon, 9–13 April.
   Google Scholar
• Baroudy , E. , Lahlou , A. A. and Attia , B. 2005 . Managing Water Demand: Policies, Practices, and Lessons from the Middle East and North Africa Forums , London : IWA Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Beaumont , P. 2002 . Water policies for the Middle East in the 21st century: the new economic realities . Water Resources Development , 18 : 315 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman , A. 2006 . Economic incentives to control water pollution in developing countries: how well has Colombia's wastewater discharge fee program worked and why? . Resources , 161 : 20 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Blackman , A. and Harrington , W. 2000 . The use of economic incentives in developing countries: lessons from international experience with industrial air pollution . Journal of Environment and Development , 9 : 5 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Blanco , J. and Guzmán , Z. 2006 . “ Water pollution charges: Columbian experience ” . In Water Quality Management in the Americas , Edited by: Biswas , A. K. , Tortajada , C. , Braga , B. and Rodriquez , D. J. 253 – 283 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Breetz , H. L. , Fisher-Vanden , K. , Garzon , L. , Jacobs , H. , Kroetz , K. and Terry , R. 2004 . Water Quality Trading and Offset Initiatives in the US: A Comprehensive Survey , Hanover, NH : Dartmouth College Rockefeller Center .
   Google Scholar
• Bromley , D. W. 2000 . “ Property regimes and pricing regimes in water resource management ” . In The Political Economy of Water Pricing Reforms , Edited by: Dinar , A. 29 – 48 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks , D. 1996 . “ Between the great rivers: water in the heart of the Middle East ” . In Water Management in Africa and the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities , Edited by: Rached , E. , Rathgeber , E. and Brooks , D. Ottawa : International Development Research Center .
   Google Scholar
• Carey , J. M. and Zilberman , D. 2002 . A model of investment under uncertainty: modern irrigation technology and emerging markets in water . American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 84 : 171 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlton , J. 2004 . Is water too cheap? As contract renewals loom, environmentalists, tax groups call for farmers to pay more . Wall Street Journal , 17 March, p. B-1
   Google Scholar
• Caswell , M. and Zilberman , D. 1985 . The choices of irrigation technologies in California . American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 67 : 223 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caswell , M. and Zilberman , D. 1986 . The effects of well depth and land quality on the choice of irrigation technology . American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 68 : 798 – 811 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, C. D., Roberts, D. C. & Park, W. (2006) A GIS-based assessment of potential water quality trading markets in Tennessee. Paper presented at 2nd National Water Quality Trading Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, 23–25 May.
   Google Scholar
• Cornish , G. , Bosworth , B. , Perry , C. and Burke , J. 2004 . Water Charging in Irrigated Agriculture: An Analysis of International Experience , Rome : FAO Land and Water Development Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Cowan , S. 1998 . Water pollution and abstraction and economic instruments . Oxford Review of Economic Policy , 14 : 40 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit , M. and Stankiewicz , J. 2006 . Changes in surface water supply across Africa with predicted climate change . Science , 311 : 1917 – 1921 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinar , A. , ed. 2000 . The Political Economy of Water Pricing Reforms , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dinar , A. and Subramanian , A. , eds. 1997 . Water Pricing Experiences: An International Perspective , Washington DC : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development . World Bank Technical Paper No. 386
   Google Scholar
• Dinar , A. and Yaron , D. 1990 . Influence of quality and scarcity of inputs on the adoption of modern irrigation technologies . Western Journal of Agricultural Economics , 15 : 224 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Dinar , A. and Zilberman , D. 1991 . “ Effects of input quality and environmental conditions on selection of irrigation technologies ” . In The Economics and Management of Water and Drainage in Agriculture , Edited by: Dinar , A. and Zilberman , D. New York : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Donoso , G. and Melo , O. 2006 . “ Water quality management in Chile: use of economic instruments ” . In Water Quality Management in the Americas , Edited by: Biswas , A. K. , Tortajada , C. , Braga , B. and Rodriquez , D. J. 229 – 251 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 2002 . Crops and Drops: Making the Best Use of Water for Agriculture , Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Golub , A. and Gurwich , E. 1997 . Cambridge, MA : Harvard Institute for International Development . Options for revising the systems of pollution charges in Russia: results of an aggregate modeling analysis. Environment Discussion Paper No. 21
   Google Scholar
• Gopalakrishnan , C. 1973 . The doctrine of prior appropriation and its impact on water development . American Journal of Economics and Sociology , 32 : 61 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulder , L. H. , Parry , I. W. H. , Williams III , R. C. and Burtraw , D. 1999 . The cost-effectiveness of alternative instruments for environmental protection in a second-best setting . Journal of Public Economics , 72 : 329 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , G. P. and Hamilton , J. R. 2000 . Water allocation transfers and conservation: links between policy and hydrology . Water Resources Development , 16 : 197 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , G. and Sunding , D. 1997 . Land allocation, soil quality, and the demand for irrigation technology . Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics , 22 : 367 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , G. , Sunding , D. , Zilberman , D. and Parker , D. 1996 . Explaining irrigation technology choices: a microparameter approach . American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 78 : 1064 – 1072 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, L., Tyner, W. E., Doukkali, R. & Siam, G. (2005) Strategic policy options to improve water allocation efficiency: analysis on Egypt and Morocco, paper presented at AAEA Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 24–27 July.
   Google Scholar
• Hoag , D. L. and Popp , J. S. 1997 . Theory and practice of pollution credit trading in water quality management . Review of Agricultural Economics , 19 : 252 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Huber , M. , Ruitenbeek , J. and Seroa da Motta , R. 1999 . Market based instruments for environmental policymaking in Latin American and the Caribbean: lessons from eleven countries . Environment and Development Economics , 4 : 177 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• ILO . 2006 . Global Employment Trends Brief, January 2006 , Geneva : International Labour Office .
   Google Scholar
• Kemper , K. E. and Olson , D. 2000 . “ Water pricing: the dynamics of institutional change in Mexico and Ceará, Brazil ” . In The Political Economy of Water Pricing Reforms , Edited by: Dinar , A. 339 – 358 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• King , D. 2005 . Crunch time for water quality trading . Choices , 20 : 71 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• King, D. (2006) Monitoring and verification: focus on information issues. Paper presented at Environmental Credits Generated through Land Use Changes, Baltimore, MD, 8–9 March.
   Google Scholar
• Kozeltsev , M. and Markandia , A. 1997 . Cambridge, MA : Harvard Institute for International Development . Pollution charges in Russia: the experience of 1990–1995. Environment Discussion Paper No. 15
   Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg , E. 1989 . Land quality, irrigation development, and cropping patterns in the northern high plains . American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 71 : 187 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margat, J., Frenken, K. & Faur, J-M. (2005) Key water resources in AQUASTAT: FAO's Global Information System on water and agriculture. Paper presented at IWG-Env, International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, 20–22 June.
   Google Scholar
• Matoussi , M. S. 1996 . “ Sources of strain and alternatives for relief in the most stressed water systems ” . In Water Management in Africa and the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities , Edited by: Rached , E. , Rathgeber , E. and Brooks , D. B. Ottawa : International Development Research Center .
   Google Scholar
• McCracken , J. and Abaza , H. , eds. 2000 . Economic Instruments for Environmental Management: A Worldwide Compendium of Case Studies , London : UNEP and Earthscan Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Michelsen , A. M. , McGuckin , J. T. and Stumpf , D. 1999 . Non-price water conservation programs as a demand management tool . Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 35 : 593 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milliman , S. R. and Prince , R. 1989 . Firm incentives to promote technological change in pollution control . Journal of Environmental Economics and Management , 17 : 247 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery , W. E. 1972 . Markets in licenses and efficient pollution control programmes . Journal of Economic Theory , 5 : 395 – 418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOWR . 2005 . Integrated Water Resources Management Plan , Cairo : Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation, Arab Republic of Egypt .
   Google Scholar
• Naji , F. 2004 . “ Water resources management in Palestine: political, technical and financial obstacles ” . In Water in the Middle East and in North Africa , Edited by: Zereini , F. and Jaeschke , W. 239 – 249 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Negri , D. and Brooks , D. 1990 . Determinants of irrigation technology choice . Western Journal of Agricultural Economics , 15 : 213 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Nieswiadomy , M. 1988 . Input substitution in irrigated agriculture in the high plains of Texas, 1970–80 . Western Journal of Agricultural Economics , 13 : 63 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Ogg , C. W. and Gollehon , N. R. 1989 . Western irrigation response to pumping costs: a water demand analysis using climatic regions . Water Resources Research , 25 : 767 – 773 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Population Reference Bureau . 2005 . 2005 World Population Reference Sheet , Washington DC : Population Reference Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Rached , E. , Rathgeber , E. and Brooks , D. B. 1996 . Water Management in Africa and the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities , Ottawa : International Development Research Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Renzetti , S. 2000 . “ An empirical perspective on water pricing reforms ” . In The Political Economy of Water Pricing Reforms , Edited by: Dinar , A. 123 – 140 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , C. S. and Clark , C. D. 2006 . “ Economic instruments and non-point source water pollution ” . In Water Quality Management in the Americas , Edited by: Biswas , A. K. , Tortajada , C. , Braga , B. and Rodriquez , D. J. 17 – 45 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , C. S. and Shin , B-S. 1996a . “ Public utility pricing: theory and practical limitations ” . In An Application and Evaluation of Competing Marginal Cost Pricing Approximations , Edited by: Hall , D. C. 141 – 164 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , C. S. and Shin , B-S. 1996b . “ Public utility pricing: theory and practical limitations ” . In Marginal Cost Rate Design and Wholesale Water Markets , Edited by: Hall , D. C. 123 – 139 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , C. S. and Vaughan , W. J. 2003 . “ The choice of pollution control policy instruments in developing countries: arguments, evidence and suggestions ” . In The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2003/2004: A Survey of Current Issues , Edited by: Folmer , H. and Tietenberg , T. 331 – 371 . Cheltenham : Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Schiffler , M. 1998 . The Economics of Groundwater Management in Arid Countries: Theory, International Experience and a Case Study from Jordan , London : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Schuck , E. C. and Green , G. P. 2001 . Field attributes, water pricing, and irrigation technology adoption . Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 56 : 293 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, C., Faruqui, N. I. & Raschid-Sally, L. (2004) Wastewater Use in Irrigated Agriculture: Confronting the Livelihood and Environmental Realities (Wallingford, UK: CAB International).
   Google Scholar
• Seroa da Motta , R. , Rudas , G. and Ramírez , J. M. 2000 . “ Water pollution taxes in Colombia ” . In Economic Instruments for Environmental Management: A Worldwide Compendium of Case Studies , Edited by: Rietbergen-McCracken , J. and Hussein , A. 167 – 177 . London : UNEP and Earthscan Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Shrestha , R. and Gopalakrishnan , C. 1993 . Adoption and diffusion of drip irrigation technology: an econometric analysis . Economic Development and Cultural Change , 41 : 407 – 418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stavins , R. N. 2003 . “ Market-based environmental policies: what can we learn from US experience (and related research)? ” . Washington DC : Resources for the Future . Discussion Paper 03-43
   Google Scholar
• Strand , J. 2000 . “ A political economy analysis of water pricing in Honduras's capital, Tegucigalpa ” . In The Political Economy of Water Pricing Reforms , Edited by: Dinar , A. 237 – 258 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tietenberg , T. H. 1985 . Emissions Trading: An Exercise in Reforming Pollution Policy , Washington DC : Resources for the Future .
   Google Scholar
• Tropp , H. and Jägerskog , A. 2006 . Stockholm : Stockholm International Water Institute . Water scarcity challenges in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Draft paper
   Google Scholar
• USEPA . 2001 . The United States Experience with Economic Incentives for Protecting the Environment , Washington DC : Office of the Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency . EPA-240-R-01-001
   Google Scholar
• USEPA . 2004 . International Experiences with Economic Incentives for Protecting the Environment , Washington DC : National Center for Environmental Economics, Office of Policy, Economics and Innovation, United States Environmental Protection Agency . EPA-236-R-04-001
   Google Scholar
• von Amsberg, J. (1995) Selected experiences with the use of economic instruments for pollution control in non-OECD countries. Available at http://www.vonamsberg.net/joachim/econw.htm
   Google Scholar
• Wagdy, A. (2006) Virtual water in the Arab region. Paper presented at the 4th World Water Forum, Local Actions for a Global Challenge, Mexico City, Mexico, 16–22 March.
   Google Scholar
• Ward , C. 2000 . “ The political economy of water pricing reform in Yemen ” . In The Political Economy of Water Pricing Reforms , Edited by: Dinar , A. 381 – 394 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Whittington , D. 2002 . Municipal Water Pricing and Tariff Design: A Reform Agenda for Cities in Developing Countries , Washington DC : Resources for the Future . Issue Brief 02–29
   Google Scholar
• Wichelns , D. 1991 . “ Increasing block-rate prices for irrigation water motivate drain water reduction ” . In The Economics and Management of Water and Drainage in Agriculture , Edited by: Dinar , A. and Zilberman , D. New York : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Woodward , R. T. and Kaiser , R. A. 2002 . Market structures for US water quality trading . Review of Agricultural Economics , 24 : 366 – 383 .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 2003 . Wastewater Reuse: Water Resources and Environment Technical Note , Washington DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar