References
- Buesgen, M. (2008). Environmental NGOs’ role in expanding social spaces – Diversification with Chinese characteristics: A case study of ENGOs’ opposition to the Nujiang dam in China’s Yunnan Province. China Journal of Social Work, 1(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17525090802086380
- Chen, D. (2017). Local distrust and regime support: Sources and effects of political trust in China. Political Research Quarterly, 70(2), 314–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912917691360
- Chien, S. S., & Hong, D. L. (2018). River leaders in China: Party–state hierarchy and transboundary governance. Political Geography, 62(Suppl. C), 58–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.10.001
- Cooper, C. M. (2006). ‘This is our way in’: The civil society of environmental NGOs in South-West China. Government and Opposition, 41(1), 109–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00173.x
- Dai, L. P. (2015). A new perspective on water governance in China: Captain of the river. Water International, 40(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2014.986702
- Dai, J., & Spires, A. J. (2018). Advocacy in an authoritarian state: How grassroots environmental NGOs influence local governments in China. The China Journal, 79, 62–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/693440
- Douglas, M. (1986). How institutions think. Syracuse University Press.
- Economy, E. C. (2010). The river runs black: The environmental challenge to China’s future. Cornell University Press.
- Gao, B. (2000). Problems related to the legitimization of associations in China. Social Sciences in China, 2, 100–109 (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZSHK200002009.htm
- Gao, X., & Teets, J. (2021). Civil society organizations in China: Navigating the local government for more inclusive environmental governance. China Information, 35(1), 46–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X20908118
- Giordano, M., & Shah, T. (2014). From IWRM back to integrated water resources management. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 30(3), 364–376. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2013.851521
- Han, H. (2014). Policy deliberation as a goal: The case of Chinese ENGO activism. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 19(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-014-9288-0
- Hildebrandt, T. (2011). The political economy of social organization registration in China. The China Quarterly, 208(208), 970–989. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741011001093
- Ho, P. (2001). Greening without conflict? Environmentalism, NGOs and civil society in China. Development and Change, 32(5), 893–921. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00231
- Ho, P. (2007). Embedded activism and political change in a semi-authoritarian context. China Information, 21(2), 187–209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X07079643
- Ho, P., & Edmonds, R. L. (2007). Perspectives of time and change: Rethinking embedded environmental activism in China. China Information, 21(2), 331–344. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X07079649
- Hsu, J. Y. J., & Hasmath, R. (2014). The local corporatist state and NGO relations in China. Journal of Contemporary China, 23(87), 516–534. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2013.843929
- Hsu, C. L., & Jiang, Y. Z. (2015). An institutional approach to Chinese NGOs: State alliance versus state avoidance resource strategies. The China Quarterly, 221, 100–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741014001568
- Huang, P. C. C. (1993). “Public Sphere “/”Civil Society” in China?:The third realm between state and society. Modern China, 19(2), 216–240. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049301900207
- Huang, Q. D., & Xu, J. J. (2019). Rethinking environmental bureaucracies in River Chiefs System (RCS) in China: A critical literature study. Sustainability, 11(6), 1608. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061608
- Kahn, M. E., Li, P., & Zhao, D. (2015). Water pollution progress at borders: The role of changes in China’s political promotion incentives. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(4), 223–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20130367
- Kang, X., & Han, H. (2008). Graduated controls: The state–society relationship in contemporary China. Modern China, 34(1), 36–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700407308138
- Keech-Mark, S. (2008). Airing dirty laundry in public: Anti-domestic violence activism in Beijing. In J. Unger (Ed.), Associations and the Chinese state: Contested spaces (pp. 175–198). Routledge.
- Li, L. J. (2004). Political trust in rural China. Modern China, 30(2), 228–258. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700403261824
- Liu, D. (2020). Advocacy channels and political resource dependence in authoritarianism: Nongovernmental organizations and environmental policies in China. Governance - An International Journal of Policy Administration and Institutions, 33(2), 323–342. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12431
- Liu, H., Chen, Y. D., Liu, T., & Lin, L. (2019). The river chief system and river pollution control in China: A case study of Foshan. Water, 11(8), 1606. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081606
- Liu, N. N., Lo, C. W. H., Zhan, X. Y., & Wang, W. (2015). campaign-style enforcement and regulatory compliance. Public Administration Review, 75(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12285
- Liu, Q., & Wang, R. Y. (2019). Peasant resistance beyond the state: Peasant–NGO interactions in post Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction, China. Journal of Contemporary China, 28(115), 151–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2018.1497917
- Liu, Q., Wang, R. Y., & Dang, H. (2018). The hidden gaps in rural development: Examining Peasant–NGO relations through a post-earthquake recovery project in Sichuan, China. The China Quarterly, 233, 43–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741017001722">
- Liu, T., Zhang, W., & Wang, R. Y. (2020). How does the Chinese government improve connectivity in water governance? A qualitative systematic review. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2020.1755955">
- Lo, C. W. H., & Leung, S. W. (2000). Environmental agency and public opinion in Guangzhou: The limits of a popular approach to environmental governance. The China Quarterly, 163(163), 677–704. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014612">
- Ma, Q. S. (2002). The governance of NGOs in China since 1978: How much autonomy? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(3), 305–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764002313001">
- Olsson, P., Folke, C., & Berkes, F. (2004). Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social–ecological systems. Environmental Management, 34(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0101-7">
- Ren, M. (2015). The river chief system: An approach of inter-departmental coordination in the Chinese government. Journal of Beijing Administrative College, 3, 25–31 (in Chinese).https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.16365/j.cnki.11-4054/d.2015.03.004">
- Saich, T. (2000). Negotiating the state: The development of social organizations in China. The China Quarterly, 161(161), 124–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000003969">
- Schwartz, J. (2004). Environmental NGOs in China: Roles and limits. Pacific Affairs, 77(1), 28–49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40022273
- She, Y., Liu, Y., Jiang, L., & Yuan, H. (2019). Is China’s river chief policy effective? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 220, 919–930. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.031">
- Spires, A. J. (2011). Contingent symbiosis and civil society in an authoritarian state: Understanding the survival of China’s grassroots NGOs. American Journal of Sociology, 117(1), 1–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/660741">
- Stalley, P., & Yang, D. N. (2006). An emerging environmental movement in China? The China Quarterly, 186, 333–356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S030574100600018X">
- State Council. (2016a). Opinions on full implementation of the river chief system across the country. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-12/11/content_5146628.htm
- State Council. (2016b). Regulation on registration and administration of social organizations. http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/gk/fg/shzzgl/201812/20181200013490.shtml
- Teets, J. (2009). Post-earthquake relief and reconstruction efforts: The emergence of civil society in China? The China Quarterly, 198(198), 330–347. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741009000332">
- Teets, J. (2013). Let many civil societies bloom: The rise of consultative authoritarianism in China. The China Quarterly, 213, 19–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741012001269">
- Teets, J. (2018). The power of policy networks in authoritarian regimes: Changing environmental policy in China. Governance – An International Journal of Policy Administration and Institutions, 31(1), 125–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12280">
- Tian, J., Wu, Y., & Zeng, W. (2018). The mode of cooperation between local governments and social organizations in China’s river environment governance and its problems and countermeasures. Chinese Public Administration, 401(11), 64–69 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19735/j.issn.1006-0863.2018.11.08
- Wan, T., & Hao, Y. (2020). Hierarchical accountability: The political expression of shaping enduring water governance through the river chief system. Journal of Guangxi University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 42(4), 86–91(in Chinese). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13624/j.cnki.jgupss.2020.04.033
- Wang, Y. H., & Chen, X. N. (2020). River chief system as a collaborative water governance approach in China. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 36(4), 610–630. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1680351
- Wang, R. Y., Chen, T. P., & Wang, O. B. (2021). Institutional Bricolage in irrigation governance in rural Northwest China: Diversity, legitimacy, and persistence. Water Alternatives, 14(2), 350–370. https://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol14/v14issue2/632-a14-2-10/file
- Wang, R. Y., & Liu, Q. (2021). Probing NGO–community interactions through village cadres and principal–agent relationships: Local effects on the operation of NGO projects in rural China. Journal of Contemporary China, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2021.1966904
- Wang, R. Y., Liu, T., & Dang, H. P. (2018). Bridging critical institutionalism and fragmented authoritarianism in China: An analysis of centralized water policies and their local implementation in semi-arid irrigation districts. Regulation & Governance, 12(4), 451–465. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12198
- Wu, F. (2009). Environmental politics in China: An issue area in review. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 14(4), 383–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-009-9072-8
- Wu, F., & Chan, K. M. (2012). Graduated control and beyond: The evolving government–NGO relations. China Perspectives, 3, 9–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.5928
- Xie, L. (2011). China’s environmental activism in the age of globalization. Asian Politics & Policy, 3(2), 207–224. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2011.01256.x
- Xu, J., & Byrne, J. (2021). Explaining the evolution of China’s government–environmental NGO relations since the 1990s: A conceptual framework and case study. Asian Studies Review, 45(4), 615–634. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2020.1828824
- Yang, G. B. (2005). Environmental NGOs and institutional dynamics in China. The China Quarterly, 181, 46–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741005000032
- Yew, W. L. (2017). Disembedding lawful activism in contemporary China: The confrontational politics of a green NGO’s legal mobilization. China Information, 32(2), 224–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X17744545
- Yuen, S. (2018). Negotiating service activism in China: The impact of NGOs’ institutional embeddedness in the local state. Journal of Contemporary China, 27(111), 406–422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2018.1410976
- Zhan, X. Y., & Tang, S. Y. (2013). Political opportunities, resource constraints and policy advocacy of environmental NGOs in China. Public Administration, 91(2), 381–399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.02011.x
- Zhu, M. (2017). Practices and progress of the river chief system. Environmental Protection, 45(Z1), 58–61 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2017.02.012