‘Progress will not occur if we continually adopt positions of principle’: Irish republican prisoners and strategic reorientation, c.1976–1998

References

• Alonso, R. (2007). The IRA and Armed Struggle. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht. (30 April 1998). IRA statement.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht. (23 April 1998). Preparing for a new phase of struggle.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht/Republican News. (12 January 1989). Mála Poist.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht/Republican News. (16 April 1992). Lessons to be learned.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht/Republican News. (16 March 1989). Women’s Day protest at Durham “hell-hole”.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht/Republican News. (19 May 1979). Blanket-man beats Brits.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht/Republican News. (23 April 1992). Easter Commemorations.
   Google Scholar
• An Phoblacht/Republican News. (7 November 1985). Electoral strategy.
   Google Scholar
• Aretxaga, B. (1995). Dirty protest: Symbolic overdetermination and gender in Northern Ireland ethnic violence. Ethos, 23, 123–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnlis, P. (16 September 1982). The War Will Go On. An Phoblacht/Republican News.
   Google Scholar
• Augusteijn, J. (2003). Political violence and democracy: An analysis of the tensions within Irish republican strategy, 1914–2002. Irish Political Studies, 18, 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Bean, K., & Hayes, M. (2001). Republican Voices. Monaghan: Seesyu Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bean, K., & Hayes, M. (2009). Sinn Féin and the new republicanism in Ireland: Electoral progress, political stasis, and ideological failure. Radical History Review, 2009, 126–142.
   Google Scholar
• Beresford, D. (1987). Ten Men Dead: The Story of the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike. London: Grafton.
   Google Scholar
• Bosi, L. (2012). Explaining pathways to armed activism in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, 1969–1972. Social Science History, 36, 347–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson, A., McEvoy, K., & Albert, A. (2021). Political prisoners and the Irish conflict 100 years on. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 60, 79–91.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, B., McKeown, L., & O’Hagan, F. (eds.). (1994). Nor Meekly Serve my Time: The H-Block Struggle, 1976–1981. Belfast: Beyond the Pale.
   Google Scholar
• Clubb, G. (2016). Selling the end of terrorism: A framing approach to the IRA’s disengagement from armed violence. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 27, 608–635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coogan, T. P. (1980). The H-Block Story. Dublin: Ward River Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coogan, T. P. (2002). The IRA. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran, M. S. (2006). Out of Order: The Political Imprisonment of Women in Northern Ireland, 1972-1998. Cullompton: Willan.
   Google Scholar
• Darragh, S. (2011). ‘John Lennon’s Dead’: Stories of Protest, Hunger Strikes and Resistance. Belfast: Beyond the Pale.
   Google Scholar
• English, R. (2003). Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Fáilte Cluain Eois. (2015). Their Prisons, Our Stories. Castleblayney: Fáilte Cluain Eois.
   Google Scholar
• Fermanagh Herald. (17 May 1986). P.O.W. support.
   Google Scholar
• Fermanagh Herald. (30 April 1997). “Give us a voice” says McHugh.
   Google Scholar
• Fermanagh Herald. (9 June 1984). Vote Sinn Fein say prisoners.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrity, G. (21 January 1995). Prisoners support. Ulster Herald.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, B. (2011). Pawns in the Game: Irish Hunger Strikes, 1912–1981. London: Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, R. (1986). Jailed IRA men back Provos’ drive for Dail. The Times. 1 September 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Free the people. (1973). Letter from The Internees, Long Kesh Concentration Camp. Bridge End, County Donegal: published by the authors.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, P. (1995). An oral history of the imprisoned female Irish Republican Army (Unpublished MPhil thesis). Trinity College Dublin.
   Google Scholar
• Gallen, L. (1998). Historic visit. The Captive Voice/An Glór Gafa, 9(2).
   Google Scholar
• Grimes, P. (9 April 1992). Peace is central to SF manifesto and how to achieve it. Irish Press.
   Google Scholar
• H6 resolutions for the Sinn Féin ard-fheis. (1981). Slides PA0144. Northern Ireland Political Collection. Belfast: Linen Hall Library.
   Google Scholar
• H-block prison comm from PRO for the 1983 hunger strike commemoration. (1983). Slides PA0147. Northern Ireland Political Collection. Belfast: Linen Hall Library.
   Google Scholar
• Hegarty, A. (2006). Kevin Lynch and the Irish Hunger Strike. Belfast: Camlane Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hepworth, J. (2020). “‘We’re getting the victory we fought for’, we were told”: retrospective subjectivities in oral histories of Irish republicanism. Oral History, 48, 68–79.
   Google Scholar
• Hepworth, J. (2021). ‘The Age-Old Struggle’: Irish Republicanism from the Battle of the Bogside to the Belfast Agreement, 1969-1998. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hick, S. (February 1989). Towards a mass movement. Iris Bheag, 18.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, S. (2014). The chronicles of Long Kesh: Provisional Irish republican memoirs and the contested memory of the hunger strikes. Memory Studies, 7, 425–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horgan, G. (1988, May). What are SF and SDLP talks about? Socialist Worker.
   Google Scholar
• Ireland Information Fact File. (October 1994). Struggle entering ‘a new phase'.
   Google Scholar
• Iris Bheag. (August 1988). Towards a broader base: Report of a Wing Discussion – H Block.
   Google Scholar
• Iris Bheag. (January 1989). Towards a mass movement.
   Google Scholar
• Irish Examiner. (24 October 1977). Ard-Fheis dodges Euro-vote.
   Google Scholar
• Irish Press. (21 January 1980). Plan for economic resistance launched.
   Google Scholar
• Irish republican P.O.W.s, Full Sutton Prison. (1995, May). Release all political prisoners now. Phoenix News: Bulletin of the Phoenix Support Group, 7.
   Google Scholar
• Keenan, B. (December 1982). Letters from Irish POWs incarcerated in prisons in England. P.O.W.: Bulletin of the Irish Political Prisoners in Britain.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, G. (2013). The Escape: The Inside Story of the 1983 Escape from Long Kesh Prison. Belfast: M&G Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kerrigan, G. (September 1984). The IRA has to do what the IRA has to do. Magill.
   Google Scholar
• Kerryman. (14 June 1985). Prisoners in Portlaoise say: vote Sinn Fein.
   Google Scholar
• Lafferty, M., & Hannigan, M. (18 June 1998). Make your vote count. Strabane Chronicle.
   Google Scholar
• League of Communist Republicans. (1987). Congress ‘86. Leninist, 27 December 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Leahy, T. (2020). The Intelligence War Against the IRA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Living Marxism. (January 1989). “The hawks have won”.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, K. (6 June 1987). Support Sinn Fein. Fermanagh Herald.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, S. (1987). No middle ground. Fermanagh Herald, 6 June 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, S., Murray, B., & Maguire, G. (8 May 1993). Republican prisoners urge vote for local SF candidates. Fermanagh Herald.
   Google Scholar
• Lynn, B. (2002). Tactic or principle? The evolution of republican thinking on abstentionism in Ireland, 1970–1998. Irish Political Studies, 17, 74–94.
   Google Scholar
• Mac Uaid, A. (19 November 1982). Why no S.F. Candidates. New Ross Standard.
   Google Scholar
• Magee, P. (July 1989). The mass movement. Iris Bheag, 21.
   Google Scholar
• Marxist Forum: Official Journal of the Socialist Revolutionary Group of Ireland. (Spring 1990). What is Marxism?
   Google Scholar
• McCafferty, N. (1981). The Armagh Women. Dublin: Co-op Books.
   Google Scholar
• McConville, S. (2021). Irish Political Prisoners, 1960–2000: Braiding Rage and Sorrow. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McDermott, N., & Brady, J. (9 July 1998). Keep prisoners’ issue on agenda. Strabane Chronicle.
   Google Scholar
• McEvoy, K. (2001). Paramilitary Imprisonment in Northern Ireland: Resistance, Management, and Release. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McGlinchey, M. (2019). Unfinished Business: The Politics of ‘Dissident’ Irish Republicanism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre, A. (2008). Good Friday: The Death of Irish Republicanism. New York: Ausubo Press.
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre, A., & McMullan, M. (January-February 1987). Ideas from Long Kesh. Ainriail: A Belfast Anarchist Bi-Monthly.
   Google Scholar
• McKearney, T. (20 June 1988). The Irish struggle. Leninist, 75.
   Google Scholar
• McKeown, L. (2001). Out of Time: Irish Republican Prisoners in Long Kesh, 1972–2000. Belfast: Beyond the Pale.
   Google Scholar
• McKeown, L., Lynch, K., & McMullan, M. (January 1988). Iris Bheag – Directions. Iris Bheag, 6.
   Google Scholar
• Meehan, B. (9 June 1984). Message from Long Kesh to the electorate. Nenagh Guardian.
   Google Scholar
• Moloney, E. (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, D. (1999). Then the Walls Came Down: A Prison Journal. Cork: Mercier Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, J. F. (2013). A time to think, a time to talk: Irish republican prisoners in the Northern Irish peace process. In A. Silke (Ed.), Prisons, Terrorism and Extremism: Critical Issues in Management, Radicalisation and Reform (pp. 75–86). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Nationwide. (1981). London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 17 September 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Ó Conghalaigh, T. (1996). Letter to An Phoblacht/Republican News, 28 March 1996.
   Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, R. (2012). Special Category: The IRA in English Prisons, vol. 1, 1968-1978. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, R. (2015). Special Category: The IRA in English Prisons, vol. 2, 1978-1985. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ó Dúill, P. (1981). Hunger Strike: The Children of ‘69. Dublin: published by the author.
   Google Scholar
• Olive, J. (18 June 1987). Strip march hits Durham. Palatinate.
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheimer, R. (2014). “Inhuman conditions prevailing”: The significance of the dirty protest in the Irish republican prison war, 1978–81. Éire-Ireland, 49, 142–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Rawe, R. (2005). Blanketmen: An Untold Story of the H-Block Hunger Strike. Dublin: New Island.
   Google Scholar
• O’Rawe, R. (2010). Afterlives: The Hunger Strike and the Secret Offer That Changed Irish History. Dublin: Lilliput Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Ruairc, L. (2001). The League of Communist Republicans, 1986-1991. Belfast: published by the author.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, H. (1990). Gerry Adams and the modernisation of republicanism. Conflict Quarterly, 10, 5–23.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, H. (2007). Ireland Since 1939: The Persistence of Conflict. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• POWs H-5. (June 1988). A pan-nationalist alliance? Iris Bheag, 11.
   Google Scholar
• PRO Republican POWs, Portlaoise Prison. (1994). Volunteer Jim Lynagh Lecture 1994: Peace strategy debated in Portlaoise.
   Google Scholar
• Provos: The IRA and Sinn Fein. (14 October 1997). Episode 4: Endgame. London: British Broadcasting Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Reinisch, D. (2016). Political prisoners and the Irish language: A north-south comparison. Studi Irlandesi: A Journal of Irish Studies, 6, 239–258.
   Google Scholar
• Reinisch, D. (2018). Performing resistance: Sport and Irish republican identity in internment camps and prisons. In D. Dahlmann, G. Feindt, & A. Hilbrenner (Eds.), Sport Under Unexpected Circumstances: Violence, Discipline, and Leisure in Penal and Internment Camps (pp. 245–266). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
   Google Scholar
• Reinisch, D. (2020). Prisoners as leaders of political change: Cage 11 and the peace process in Northern Ireland. In M. Gutmann (Ed.), Historians on Leadership and Strategy: Case Studies from Antiquity to Modernity (pp. 55–75). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Reinisch, D. (2021a). The fight for political status in Portlaoise Prison, 1973-1977: Prologue to the H-blocks struggle. War & Society, 40, 134–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinisch, D. (2021b). Debating politics during confinement: newly discovered notebooks of the Sinn Féin Portlaoise prison cumann, 1979-1985. Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association, 56, 99–122.
   Google Scholar
• Republican Bulletin: Iris Na Poblachta. (January-February 1987). Long Kesh support.
   Google Scholar
• Republican News. (1 April 1978). Letter from H-block mother.
   Google Scholar
• Republican News. (11 February 1978). A letter to the editor: On Behalf of the Prisoners on the Blanket in H-Block.
   Google Scholar
• Republican News. (9 December 1978). IRA geared to a long war.
   Google Scholar
• Republican POWs, H-Blocks. (1994). Prisoners’ Address to Sinn Féin Ard Fheis, The Captive Voice/An Glór Gafa, Summer 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Rolston, B. (2013). Prison as a liberated zone: The murals of Long Kesh, Northern Ireland. State Crime, 2, 149–172.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, F. S. (2011). Smashing H-Block: The Rise and Fall of the Popular Campaign Against Criminalisation, 1976-1982. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sànchez-Cuenca, I. (2007). The dynamics of nationalist terrorism: ETA and the IRA. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19, 289–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saoirse Campaign USA. (1994). Leo Green. December 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Saoirse: Irish Freedom. (April 1992). John Hayes free after 16 years in British jails.
   Google Scholar
• Saoirse: Irish Freedom. (October 1987). Faoi ghlas ag gallaibh.
   Google Scholar
• S. Armagh/Newry Republican POW’s, Long Kesh statement. (1995). Copy in author’s possession.
   Google Scholar
• Shirlow, P., Tonge, J., McAuley, J., & McGlynn, C. (2010). Abandoning Historical Conflict? Former Political Prisoners and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Short Strand 1980–81 Committee. (2001). Prison Letters on the 1981 Hunger Strike. Belfast: Short Strand 1980–81 Committee.
   Google Scholar
• Sile na Gig: Nuacht Ceantar. (May 1996). St James’s & District P.O.W. statement.
   Google Scholar
• Sinn Féin. (1992). Towards a Lasting Peace in Ireland. Dublin: Sinn Féin.
   Google Scholar
• Sinn Féin H-block cumann. (1994). Towards a negotiated settlement, 9 December 1994. Copy in author’s possession.
   Google Scholar
• Sinn Féin Publicity Department. (1988). Signposts to Independence and Socialism. Dublin: Sinn Féin Publicity Department.
   Google Scholar
• Sinn Féin Publicity Department. (1989). The Sinn Féin-SDLP Talks, January-September 1988. Dublin: Sinn Féin Publicity Department.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. L. R. (1995). Fighting for Ireland? The Military Strategy of the Irish Republican Movement. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• S/Strand, Markets & L/Ormeau Rd Republican Prisoners statement. (1994). Copy in author’s possession.
   Google Scholar
• The Captive Voice/An Glór Gafa. (Summer 1998). 1998 Sinn Féin Ard Fheis. The Captive Voice/An Glór Gafa, 9(2).
   Google Scholar
• The Irish Prisoner. (December-January 1980). News from the Six Counties’ jails.
   Google Scholar
• The Irish Prisoner. (July-August 1981). Criminalisation and the H Block Struggle: Two interviews.
   Google Scholar
• The Irish Prisoner. (no date [1979]). Noel Jenkinson to Jackie Kaye, 19 July 1976.
   Google Scholar
• The Spirit of Freedom: The uncensored voice of West Belfast. (April 1992).
   Google Scholar
• The Spirit of Freedom: The uncensored voice of West Belfast. (March 1992). Your vote counts.
   Google Scholar
• Tierney, J., & Byrne, E. (1987). We call for a congress. Congress ‘86: Special Supplement (no date [1987]).
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. (1995). Popular Contention in Great Britain, 1758–1834. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tonge, J. (2004). 'They haven't gone away, you know': Irish republican 'dissidents' and 'armed struggle'. Terrorism and Political Violence, 16, 671–693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrone P.O.W.’s, H. Blocks. (4 April 1992). Make people sit up and listen. Ulster Herald.
   Google Scholar
• Tyrone POWs, Long Kesh and Maghaberry. (8 January 1998). Prisoners support for Brogan. Ulster Herald.
   Google Scholar
• Tyrone (Remand) R.P.O.W.S., H-Blocks, Long Kesh. (28 January 1995). Prisoners make their case. Strabane Chronicle.
   Google Scholar
• Ulster Herald. (12 August 1978). Inhuman and degrading conditions at H-block – Archbishop O’Fiaich.
   Google Scholar
• Ulster Herald. (16 October 1982). Prisoners support Sinn Fein.
   Google Scholar
• Whalen, L. (2006). “Our barbed wire ivory tower": The prison writings of Gerry Adams. New Hibernia Review, 10, 123–139.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, P. (August 1999). Unity of purpose. The Captive Voice/An Glór Gafa, 10(1).
   Google Scholar
• Young, C. (26 June 2019). One of the IRA’s most influential leaders during the Troubles has died. Irish News.
   Google Scholar