Language learning in conflictual contexts: a study of Turkish Cypriot adolescents learning Greek in Cyprus

References

• Abrams, Z. I. (2002). Surfing to cross-cultural awareness: Using internet-mediated projects to explore cultural stereotypes. Foreign Language Annals, 35, 141–160. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2002.tb03151.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ager, E., Muskens, G., & Wright, P. (1993). Language education for intercultural communication. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, H. W. (2010). Language-learning motivation during short-term study abroad: An activity theory perspective. Foreign Language Annals, 43, 27–49. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01058.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alred, G., & Byram, M. (2002). Becoming an intercultural mediator: A longitudinal study of residence abroad. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23, 339–352. doi: 10.1080/01434630208666473
   Google Scholar
• Asmussen, J. (2004). Limmasol 1912–Dali 1922: Cypriots in nationalist conflict. Journal of Cyprus Studies, 22, 72–92.
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Tal, D. (1996). Development of social categories and stereotypes in early childhood: The case of “The Arab” concept formation stereotype and attitudes by Jewish children in Israel. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 341–370. doi: 10.1016/0147-1767(96)00023-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton, A. (1997). Boys’ under-achievement in GCSE modern languages: Reviewing the reasons. The Language Learning Journal, 16, 11–16. doi: 10.1080/09571739785200211
   Google Scholar
• Bartram, B. (2006). An examination of perceptions of parental influence on attitudes to language learning. Educational Research, 48, 211–221. doi: 10.1080/00131880600732298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman, B. E. (2004). Achieving affective and behavioral outcomes in cultural learning: The case of the ethnographic interviews. Foreign Language Annals, 37(2), 240–253. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2004.tb02197.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beacco, C., & Byram, M. (2003). Guide for the development of language education policies in Europe: From linguistic diversity to plurilingual education. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Bernaus, M., & Gardner, R. C. (2008). Teacher motivation strategies, student perceptions, student motivation, and English achievement. The Modern Language Journal, 92, 387–401. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00753.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosh, H. (1996). Perceived characteristics of the effective second language teacher. Foreign Language Annals, 29, 125–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.1996.tb02322.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching. White Plains, NY: Pearson Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, O. (2004). Imagining the modern: The cultures of nationalism in Cyprus. London: I.B. Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Byram, M., & Feng, A. (2006). Living and studying abroad. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Cairns, E. (1996). Children and political violence. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, G. (1999). Motivating language learners. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Charalambous, C., & Rampton, B. (2010). Other-language learning and intercultural communication in contexts of conflict. Working Papers in Urban Languages & Literacies, 60, 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Charalambous, P. (2009). Learning the language of ‘the other’: A linguistic ethnography of Turkish-language classes in a Greek-Cypriot school (Unpublished PhD thesis). King's College, London.
   Google Scholar
• Choi, J. (2003). Language attitudes and the future of bilingualism: The case of Paraguay. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 6(2), 81–94. doi: 10.1080/13670050308667774
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, J. L., McCallum, R. S., & Bell, S. M. (2010). Three A's: How do attributions, attitudes, and aptitude contribute to foreign language learning? Foreign Language Annals, 43, 566–582. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01102.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortés, K. H. (2002). Youth and the study of foreign languages: An investigation of attitudes. Foreign Language Annals, 34, 301–317.
   Google Scholar
• Court, K. (2001). Why are boys opting out? A study of situated masculinities and foreign language learning. Retrieved from http://ling.lancs.ac.uk/groups/crile/crile57/court.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Csizér, K., Komros, J., & Sarkadi, A. (2010). The dynamics of language learning attitudes and motivation: Lessons from an interview study of dyslexic language learners. The Modern Language Journal, 94, 470–487. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4781.2010.01054.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey, D. P. (2004). Connections between teacher and student attitudes regarding script choice in first-year Japanese language classrooms. Foreign Language Annals, 37, 567–577. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2004.tb02423.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donista-Schmidt, S., Inbar, O., & Shohamy, E. (2004). The effects of teaching spoken Arabic on students’ attitudes and motivation in Israel. The Modern Language Journal, 88, 217–228. doi: 10.1111/j.0026-7902.2004.00226.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dőrnyei, Z. (1998, March). Demotivation in foreign language learning. Paper presented at the annual TESOL conference, Seattle, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Dőrnyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Dőrnyei, Z. (2009). The psychology of second language acquisition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dőrnyei, Z., Csizér, K., & Németh, N. (2006). Motivation, language attitudes and globalization: A Hungarian perspective. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Dőrnyei, Z., & Schmidt, R. (2001). Motivation and second language acquisition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa.
   Google Scholar
• Dőrnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2008). Motivation, language identity and the L2 self. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, R. C. (1973). Attitudes and motivation: Their role in second language acquisition. In J. W. Oller and J. C. Richards (Eds.), Focus on the learner: Pragmatic perspectives for the language teacher (pp. 235–246). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, R. C. (2001). Integrative motivation and second language acquisition. In Z. Dőrnyei and R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 1–19). Honolulu, HI: National Foreign Language Resource Center.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, R. C., Masgoret, A.-M., & Tremblay, P. F. (1999). Home background characteristics and second language learning. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 86, 104–113.
   Google Scholar
• Gottfried, A. E., Fleming, J. S., & Gottfried, A. W. (1994). Role of parental motivational practices in children's academic intrinsic motivation and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 104–113. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greek Cypriot Ministry of Education and Culture. (2008). F:7.1.05.21, Objectives of the school year 2009–2009. Nicosia: Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Cyprus (in Greek).
   Google Scholar
• Hertel, T. J., & Sunderman, G. (2009). Student attitudes toward native and non-native language instructors. Foreign Language Annals, 42, 468–482. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2009.01031.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inbar, O., Donista-Schmidt, S., & Shohamy, E. (2001). Students’ motivation as a function of language learning: The teaching of Arabic in Israel. In Z. Dőrnyei and R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 297–311). Honolulu, HI: National Foreign Language Resource Center.
   Google Scholar
• Kaikkonen, P. (1997). Learning a culture and a foreign language at school – aspects of intercultural learning. The Language Learning Journal, 15, 47–51. doi: 10.1080/09571739785200111
   Google Scholar
• Karyolemou, M. (2003). ‘Keep your language and I will keep mine’: Politics, language, and the construction of identities in Cyprus. In D. Nelson & M. Dedaic-Nelson (Eds.), At war with words (pp. 359–384). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. G. (1992). The role of attitudes and motivation in learning a heritage language: A study of Korean language maintenance in Toronto (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Toronto, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Kraemer, R. (1993). Social psychological factors related to the study of Arabic among Israeli high school students. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15, 83–105. doi: 10.1017/S0272263100011670
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, M. (2004). Integrative motivation in a globalizing world. System, 32, 3–19. doi: 10.1016/j.system.2003.04.002
   Google Scholar
• Levine, G. S. (2003). Student and instructor beliefs and attitudes about target language use, first language use, and anxiety: Report of a questionnaire study. The Modern Language Journal, 87, 343–364. doi: 10.1111/1540-4781.00194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S. C., Clément, R., Donovan, L. A. (2002). Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students. Language Learning, 52, 537–564. doi: 10.1111/1467-9922.00194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavratsas, C. (2004). National identity and consciousness in everyday life: Towards a sociology of knowledge of Greek-Cypriot nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, 5, 91–104. doi: 10.1111/j.1354-5078.1999.00091.x
   Google Scholar
• Moore, S. J., Walton, A. R., & Lambert, R. D. (1992). Introducing Chinese into high schools: The Dodge initiative. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.
   Google Scholar
• Noels, K. A. (2005). Orientations to learning German: Heritage language learning and motivational substrates. Canadian Modern Language Review, 62, 285–312. doi: 10.3138/cmlr.62.2.285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega, L. (2009). Understanding second language acquisition. London: Hodder Education.
   Google Scholar
• Oskamp, S. (1977). Attitudes and opinions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Oxford, R. L. (1996). Language learning strategies around the world: Cross-cultural perspectives. Honolulu, HI: National Foreign Language Resource Center.
   Google Scholar
• Papadakis, Y. (2008). Report: A comparison of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot schoolbooks on the “history of Cyprus”. Oslo: IInstitutt for fredforskning/International Peace Research Institute (PRIO).
   Google Scholar
• Perry, L. B., & Southwell, P. (2011). Developing intercultural understanding and skills: Models and approaches. Intercultural Education, 22(6), 453–466. doi: 10.1080/14675986.2011.644948
   Google Scholar
• Phipps, A. M., & Gonzalez, M. (2004). Modern languages: Learning and teaching in an intercultural field. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Polat, N. (2009). Matches in beliefs between teachers and students, and success in L2 attainment: The Georgian example. Foreign Language Annals, 42, 229–249. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2009.01019.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, H., & Padilla, A. (1998). Student motivation, parental attitudes, and involvement in the learning of Asian languages in elementary and secondary schools. The Modern Language Journal, 82, 205–216. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4781.1998.tb01193.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinsley, T., & Parker, L. (2006). How will you communicate in the global marketplace? Times Educational Supplement, 4685, 23.
   Google Scholar
• Ushioda, E. (1998). Effective motivational thinking: A cognitive theoretical approach to the study of language learning motivation. In E. A. Soler & V. C. Espurz (Eds.), Current issues in English language methodology (pp. 77–89). Spain: Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana.
   Google Scholar
• Ushioda, E. (2001). Language learning at university: Exploring the role of motivational thinking. In Z. Dőrnyei and R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 93–125). Honolulu, HI: National Foreign Language Resource Center.
   Google Scholar
• Wesely, P. M. (2012). Learner attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs in language learning. Foreign Language Annals, 45, s98–s117. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2012.01181.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, A. S. (1994). Motivational state and process within the socio-linguistic context (Unpublished PhD thesis). Birmingham Aston University.
   Google Scholar
• Zembylas, M., Charalambous, C., Charalambous, P., & Kendeou, P. (2011). Promoting peaceful coexistence in conflict-ridden Cyprus: Teachers’ difficulties and emotions towards a new policy initiative. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27, 332–341. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar