Assessment of field fertilization success in the infaunal polychaete Arenicola marina (L.)

References

• Babcock , R. C. , Bull , G. D. , Harrison , P. L. , Heyward , A. J. , Wallace , C. C. and Willis , B. L. 1986 . Synchronous spawnings of 105 scleractinian coral species on the Great Barrier Reef. Mar . Biol. , 90 : 379 – 394 .
   Google Scholar
• Babcock , R. C. and Mundy , C. N. 1992 . Reproductive biology, spawning and field fertilization rates of Acanthaster planci . Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. , 43 : 525 – 534 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babcock , R. , Mundy , C. , Keesing , J. and Oliver , J. 1992 . Predictable and unpredictable spawning events: in situ behavioural data from free spawning coral reef invertebrates. . Invert. Reprod. Develop. , 22 : 213 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babcock , R. C. , Mundy , C. N. and Whitehead , D. 1994 . Fertilization in the free-spawning asteroid Acanthaster planci . Biol. Bull. , 186 : 17 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard , W. W. 1942 . The mechanism for synchronous spawning in Hydractinia and Pennaria . Biol. Bull. , 82 : 329 – 339 .
   Google Scholar
• Baumfalk , Y. A. 1979 . On the pumping activity of Arenicola marina . Neth. J. Sea. Res. , 13 : 422 – 427 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentley , M. G. and Pacey , A. A. 1989 . A scanning electron microscopical study of sperm development and activation in Arenicola marina L. (Annelida:Polychaeta). . Invert. Reprod. Develop. , 15 : 211 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley , M. G. , Clark , S. and Pacey , A. A. 1990 . The role of Arachidonic acid and Eicosatrienoic acids in the activation of spermatozoa in Arenicola marina L. (Annelida: Polychaeta). . Biol. Bull. , 178 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley , M. G. and Pacey , A. A. 1992 . “ Physiological and environmental control of reproduction in polychaetes. ” . In Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev Edited by: Barnes , M. , Ansell , A. D. and Gibson , R. N. Vol. 30 , 443 – 481 . London : UCL Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benzie , J. A.H. , Black , K. P. , Moran , P. J. and Dixon , P. 1994 . Small scale dispersion of eggs and sperm of the crown-of-thoms starfish (Acanthaster planci) in a shallow coral reef habitat. . Biol. Bull. , 186 : 153 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dan , K. and Kubota , H. 1960 . Data on the spawning of Comanthus japonica between 1937 and 1955. . Embryologia , 5 : 21 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Denny , M. W. and Shibata , M. F. 1989 . Consequences of surf-zone turbulence for settlement and external fertilization. . Am. Nat. , 134 : 859 – 889 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denny , M. , Dairiki , J. and Distefano , S. 1992 . Biological consequences of topography on wave swept rocky shores l. enhancement of external fertilization. . Biol. Bull. , 183 : 220 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , A. 1960 . The spawning of Arenicola marina in the British Isles. . Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , 134 : 137 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Farke , H. and Berghuis , E. M. 1979a . Spawning, larval development and migration behaviour of Arenicola marina in the laboratory. . Neth. J. Sea. Res. , 13 : 512 – 528 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farke , H. and Berghuis , E. M. 1979b . Spawning, larval development and migration of Arenicola marina under field conditions in the Wadden Sea. . Neth. J. Sea. Res. , 13 : 529 – 535 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giese , A. C. 1959 . Compararive physiology: annual reproductive cycles of marine invertebrates. . Ann. Rev. Physiol. , 21 : 547 – 576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giese , A. C. and Kanatani , H. 1987 . “ Maturation and spawning. ” . In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Vol, 9, General Aspects: Seeking Unity in Diversity Edited by: Giese , A. C. , Pearse , J. S. and Pearse , V. B. 251 – 329 . Blackwell Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• Hoppe , W. F. and Reichert , M. S.M. 1987 . Predictable annual mass release of gametes by the coral reef sponge Neofibularia nolitangere (Porifera, Demospongiae). . Mar. Biol. , 94 : 277 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howie , D. I.D. 1959 . The spawning of Arenicola marina (L.). . 1 The breeding season. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK. , 38 : 395 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howie , D. I.D. 1961a . The spawning of Arenicola marina (L.). . II Spawning under experimental conditions. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK. , 41 : 127 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howie , D. I.D. 1961b . The spawning of Arenicola marina (L.). . III Maturation and shedding of the ova. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. , 41 : 771 – 783 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurlbert , S. H. 1984 . Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. . Ecol. Monogr. , 52 : 187 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen , V. H. 1967 . The feeding of the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.). . Quantitative studies. Ophelia , 4 : 91 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Levitan , D. R. 1991 . Influence of body size and population density on fertilization success and reproductive output in a free spawning invertebrate. . Biol. Bull. , 181 : 261 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitan , D. R. , Sewell , M. A. and Chia , F. S. 1991 . Kinetics of fertilization in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus: interaction of gamete dilution, age and contact time. . Biol. Bull. , 181 : 371 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitan , D. R. , Sewell , M. A. and Chia , F. S. 1992 . How distribution and abundance influence fertilization success in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus . Ecology , 73 : 248 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitan , D. R. and Petersen , C. 1995 . Sperm limitation in the sea. . Trends Ecol. Evol. , 5 : 229 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Loosanoff , V. L. 1937 . Spawning of Venus mercenaris (L.). . Ecology , 18 : 506 – 515 .
   Google Scholar
• Meijer , L. 1979a . Hormonal control of oocyte maturation in Arenicola marina L. (Annelida Polychaeta) I. . Morphological study of oocyte maturation. Dev. Growth Differ. , 21 : 303 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer , L. 1979 . Hormonal control of oocyte maturation in Arenicola marina L. . II Maturation and fertilization. Dev. Growth Differ. , 21 : 315 – 329 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mileikovsky , S. A. 1958 . Lunar periodicity in spawning of littoral and upper sublittoral invertebrates of the White Sea and other seas. . Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR. , 123 : 564 – 567 .
   Google Scholar
• Newell , G. E. 1948 . A contribution to our knowledge of the life history of Arenicola marina L. . J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK. , 27 : 554 – 580 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olive , P. J.W. 1972a . Regulation and kinetics of spermatogonial proliferation in Arenicola marina I. . The annual cycle of mitotic activity in the testis. Cell Tissue Kinet. , 5 : 245 – 253 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olive , P. J.W. 1972b . Regulation and kinetics of spermatogonial proliferation in Arenicola marina II. . Kinetics. Cell Tissue Kinet. , 5 : 255 – 267 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olive , P. J.W. and Clark , R. B. 1978 . “ Physiology of reproduction. ” . In Physiology of Annelids Edited by: Mill , P. J. 271 – 368 . Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pacey , A. A. and Bentley , M. G. 1992 . The fatty acid 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid induces spawning in the male lugworm Arenicola marina . J. Exp. Biol. , 173 : 165 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennington , J. T. 1985 . The ecology of fertilization of Echinoid eggs: the consequences of sperm dilution, adult aggregation and synchronous spawning. . Biol. Bull. , 169 : 417 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirlot , J. M. 1933 . La ponte de l'Arenicola marina Linné à la Côte Belge. . Bull. mus. roy. Hist. nat. Belg. , 9 : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder , P. C. and Hermans , C. O. 1975 . “ Annelida: Polychaeta ” . In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Vol. 3, Annelids and Echiurans Edited by: Giese , A. C. and Pearse , J. S. 1 – 213 . Academic Press . New York
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , F. I.M. 1994 . Transport and mixing of gametes in three free-spawning polychaete annelids, Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes), Sabellaria cementarium (Moore), and Schizobranchia insignis (Bush). . J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , 179 : 11 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorson , G. 1946 . Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. . Medd. Komm. Havundersag. Kbh. Ser. Plankton , 4 : 1 – 523 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , G. 1940 . Laboratory ripening of Arbacia in winter. . Biol. Bull. , 79 : 363
   Google Scholar
• Vogel , H. , Czihak , G. , Chang , P. and Wolf , W. 1982 . Fertilization kinetics of sea urchin eggs. . Math. Biosc. , 58 : 189 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells , G. P. 1945 . The mode of life of Arenicola marina . J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK. , 26 : 170 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , W. H. 1991 . Sexual reproductive modes in polychaetes: classification and diversity. . Bull. Mar. Sci. , 48 : 500 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida , M. 1959 . Spawning in coelenterates. . Experentia , 15 : 11 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Yund , P. O. 1990 . An in situ measurement of sperm dispersal in a colonial marine hydroid. . J. Exp. Zool. , 253 : 102 – 106 .
   Google Scholar