References
- Feehan CJ, Grace SP, Narvaez CA. 2019. Ecological feedbacks stabilize a turf-dominated ecosystem at the southern extent of kelp forests in the Northwest Atlantic. Sci Rep. 9:7078.
- Feehan CJ, Ludwig Z, Yu S, Adams DK. 2018. Synergistic negative effects of thermal stress and altered food resources on echinoid larvae. Sci Rep. 8:1–7.
- Filbee-Dexter K, Feehan C, Scheibling R. 2016. Large-scale degradation of a kelp ecosystem in an ocean warming hotspot. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 543:141–152.
- Filbee-Dexter K, Wernberg T, Grace SP, Thormar J, Fredriksen S, Narvaez CN, Feehan CJ, Norderhaug KM. 2020. Marine heatwaves and the collapse of marginal North Atlantic kelp forests. Sci Rep. 10:13388.
- Gall ML, Holmes SP, Campbell H, Byrne M. 2021. Effects of marine heatwave conditions across the metamorphic transition to the juvenile sea urchin (Heliocidaris erythrogramma). Mar Pollut Bull. 163:111914.
- García E, Hernández JC, Clemente S. 2018. Robustness of larval development of intertidal sea urchin species to simulated ocean warming and acidification. Mar Environ Res. 139:35–45.
- Gianguzza P. 2020. Arbacia. In: Lawrence JM, editor. Sea urchins: biology and ecology. Elsevier: Academic Press; p. 419–429.
- Gianguzza P, Visconti G, Gianguzza F, Vizzini S, Sarà G, Dupont S. 2014. Temperature modulates the response of the thermophilous sea urchin Arbacia lixula early life stages to CO2-driven acidification. Mar Environ Res. 93:70–77.
- Grace SP, Feehan CJ. 2020. Temperate urchins clear space for corals. Front Ecol Environ. 18:134
- Hart MW, Scheibling RE. 1988. Heat waves, baby booms, and the destruction of kelp beds by sea urchins. Mar Biol. 99:167–176.
- Hill SK, Lawrence JM. 2006. Interactive effects of temperature and nutritional condition on the energy budgets of the sea urchins Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). J Mar Biol Assoc UK. 86:783–790.
- Hobday AJ, Oliver ECJ, Gupta AS, Benthuysen JA, Burrows MT, Donat MG, Holbrook NJ, Moore PJ, Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, et al. 2018. Categorizing and naming marine heatwaves. Oceanography. 31:162–173.
- IPCC. 2019. IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate In: Pörtner HO, Roberts DC, Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Tignor M, Poloczanska E, Mintenbeck K, Alegría A, Nicolai M, Okem A, et al. editors. In press
- Oliver EC, Donat MG, Burrows MT, Moore PJ, Smale DA, Alexander LV, Benthuysen JA, Feng M, Gupta AS, Hobday AJ, et al. 2018. Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century. Nat Commun. 9:1324.
- Smale DA, Wernberg T, Oliver EC, Thomsen M, Harvey BP, Straub SC, Burrows MT, Alexander LV, Benthuysen JA, Donat MG, et al. 2019. Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. Nat Clim Chang. 9:306–312.
- Steneck RS, Bellwood DR, Hay ME. 2017. Herbivory in the marine realm. Curr Biol. 27:R484–R489.
- Strathmann MF. 1987. Reproduction and development of marine invertebrates of the northern Pacific coast: data and methods for the study of eggs, embryos, and larvae. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London.
- Thomsen MS, Mondardini L, Alestra T, Gerrity S, Tait L, South PM, Lilley SA, Schiel DR. 2019. Local extinction of bull kelp (Durvillaea spp.) due to a marine heatwave. Front Mar Sci. 6::84.
- Uthicke S, Schaffelke B, Byrne M. 2009. A boom–bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of density variations in echinoderms. Ecol Monogr. 79:3–24.
- Vaughn D, Allen JD. 2010. The peril of the plankton. Integr Comp Biol. 50:552–570.
- Visconti G, Gianguzza F, Butera E, Costa V, Vizzini S, Byrne M, Gianguzza P. 2017. Morphological response of the larvae of Arbacia lixula to near-future ocean warming and acidification. ICES J Mar Sci. 74:1180–1190.
- Wernberg T, Smale DA, Tuya F, Thomsen MS, Langlois TJ, De Bettignies T, Bennett S, Rousseaux CS. 2013. An extreme climatic event alters marine ecosystem structure in a global biodiversity hotspot. Nat Clim Change. 3:78–82.