A. E. Nordenskiöld in Swedish memory: the origin and uses of Arctic heroism

References

• Andrée, Salomon August. 1906. “Andrées egen skildring af polarfärdens förberedelse och början.” In S.A. Andrée: Hans följeslagare och hans polarfärd 1896–1897, edited by Gunnar Andersson, 109–253. Stockholm: Swedish Society of Anthropology and Geography.
   Google Scholar
• Åselius, Gunnar. 1994. The “Russian Menace” to Sweden: The Belief System of a Small Power Security Élite in the Age of Imperialism. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International.
   Google Scholar
• Atkins, Gareth. 2015. “Christian Heroes, Providence, and Patriotism in Wartime Britain, 1793–1815.” The Historical Journal 58: 393–414. doi:10.1017/S0018246X14000338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berghei, Jan-Tore. 2010. “Russland i norsk presse: En undersøkelse av hovedstadsavisene i perioden 1880–1905.” Master thesis in History., University of Tromsø. https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/2977
   Google Scholar
• Brewster, David. (1841) 1870. The Martyrs of Science or the Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler. London: John Hotten.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Robert N. Rudmose. 1927. “Some Problems of Polar Geography.” Report of the Ninety-Fifth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 75–97. https://archive.org/details/reportofbritisha27adva.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, Joseph. (1949) 2008. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Novato, CA: New World Library.
   Google Scholar
• Colley, Ann C. 2010. Victorians in the Mountains: Sinking the Sublime. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• David, Robert G. 2000. The Arctic in the British Imagination, 1818–1914. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Drivenes, Einar-Arne. 1992. “La Recherche: Forskningsekspedisjonen Frankrike glemte.” Historisk tidsskrift 71: 11–35.
   Google Scholar
• Drivenes, Einar-Arne, and Harald Dag Jølle, eds. 2006. Into the Ice: The History of Norway and the Polar Regions. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, Heather. 2017. Masculinity and Science in Britain, 1831–1918. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-31174-0.
   Google Scholar
• Forsstrand, Carl. 1905. “Sveriges polarforskning: En återblick med anledning af Vega-expeditionens tjugufemårsjubileum.” Ord och Bild: Illustrerad Månadsskrift 14: 279–299.
   Google Scholar
• Fries, Thore M. 1868. “Resultaterna af de svenska expeditionerna till Spetsbergen.” Svensk Literatur-tidskrift 4: 216–240.
   Google Scholar
• Gerland, Georg. 1897. Ueber Ziele und Erfolge der Polarforschung: Rede zur Feier des Geburtstages Sr. Majestät des Kaisers am 27. Januar 1897 in der Aula der Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität Straßburg. Straßburg: Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.
   Google Scholar
• Gissis, Snait B. 2018. “Models, Metaphors, Lamarckisms and the Emergence of ‘Scientific Sociology’.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Biology and Society, edited by Maurizio Meloni, John Cromby, Des Fitzgerald, and Stephanie Lloyd, 25–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-52879-7_2.
   Google Scholar
• Grönberg, Gösta. 1911. “A. E. Nordenskiöld, en förgångsman för naturskyddssaken i Norden.” Sveriges Natur Årskrift 1911: 14–17.
   Google Scholar
• Hagerman, Tor H. 1926. Om Spetsbergen och dess utforskande. Svenska biblioteket: Fri läsning, no. 15. Stockholm: Sveriges folkskollärarinneförbund.
   Google Scholar
• Hedin, Sven. 1926. Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld: En levnadsbeskrivning. Stockholm: Bonnier.
   Google Scholar
• Hestmark, Geir. 1991. “Fridtjof Nansen and the Geology of the Arctic.” Earth Sciences History 10: 168–212. doi:10.17704/eshi.10.2.k763185435702u31.
   Google Scholar
• Jägerskiöld, Stig. 1964. Den unge Mannerheim. Helsinki: Bonnier.
   Google Scholar
• Kan, Aleksandr S. 1996. Sverige och Ryssland: Ett 1200-årigt förhållande. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
   Google Scholar
• Kish, George. 1968. “Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901): Polar Explorer and Historian of Cartography.” The Geographical Journal 134 (4): 487–500. doi: 10.2307/1796377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kish, George. 1973. North-East Passage: Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld His Life and Times. Nico Israel: Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Lenz, William E. 1995. The Poetics of the Antarctic: A Study in Nineteenth-Century American Cultural Perceptions. New York: Garland.
   Google Scholar
• Levere, Trevor H. (1993) 2003. Science and the Canadian Arctic: A Century of Exploration 1818–1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewander, Lisbeth. 2002. “The Representations of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1901–03.” Polar Record 38 (205): 97–114. doi:10.1017/S0032247400017496.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis-Jones, Huw W.G. 2005. “‘Heroism Displayed’: Revisiting the Franklin Gallery at the Royal Naval Exhibition, 1891.” Polar Record 41 (3): 185–203. doi:10.1017/S0032247405004432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liedman, Sven Eric. 1987. “Civil Servants Close to the People: Swedish University Intellectuals and Society at the Turn of the Century.” History of European Ideas 8 (2): 155–166. doi:10.1016/0191-6599(87)90107-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingstone, David N. 2000. “Putting Geography in its Place.” Australian Geographical Studies 38 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/1467-8470.00096.
   Google Scholar
• Mangan, James Antony. 2012. “Social Darwinism and Upper-Class Education in Late Victorian and Edwardian England.” Chap. 4 in “Manufactured” Masculinity: Making Imperial Manliness, Morality and Militarism. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Martens, Heinrich, [translator]. 1878. “Nordenskiöld’s neue Eismeer-Expedition, zur Durchschiffung des Sibirischen Eismeeres von Norwegen bis zur Bering-Strasse.” Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 24: 67–70, 141–150.
   Google Scholar
• Mathisen, Trygve. 1954. Svalbard in International Politics 1871–1925: The Solution of a Unique International Problem. Oslo: Norsk Polarinstitutt. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/52074094.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mead, William Richard, and Cato Wadel. 1961–1962. “Scandinavia and the Scandinavians in the Annals of the Royal Geographical Society 1830–1914.” Norsk Geografisk tidsskrift 18: 99–143. doi:10.1080/00291956108551794.
   Google Scholar
• Murchison, Roderick I. 1868–1869. “Presentation of the Royal Awards: At the Anniversary Meeting, May 24th 1869.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 13: 256.
   Google Scholar
• Nansen, Fridtjof. 1893. “How Can the North Polar Region Be Crossed?” The Geographical Journal 1: 1–29. doi: 10.2307/1774198
   Google Scholar
• Nathorst, Alfred Gabriel. 1902a. “A. E. Nordenskiöld såsom geology.” Ymer 22: 207–224.
   Google Scholar
• Nathorst, Alfred Gabriel. 1902b. Polarforskningen. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söners. https://fulltext.kb.se/epub/28611/pg28611-images.epub.
   Google Scholar
• Nicolson, Marjorie Hope. (1959) 1997. Mountain Gloom and Mountain Glory: The Development of the Aesthetics of the Infinite. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Niemi, Seija A. 2018. “The Historical Roots of A. E. Nordenskiöld’s (1832–1901) Conservational Philosophy.” Scandinavian Journal of History, doi:10.1080/03468755.2018.1430596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niinistö, Sauli. 2013. “Speech by the President of the Republic of Finland at the Arctic Forum in Salehard, Russia, 25 September 2013.” President of the Republic of Finland. https://www.presidentti.fi/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik. 1880–1881. Vegas färd kring Asien och Europa: Jemte en historisk återblick på föregående resor längs gamla verldens nordkust. 2 vols. Stockholm: Beijers.
   Google Scholar
• Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik. 1883. “Den blifvande expeditionen till Grönland: Promemoria afgifven till dr. Oscar Dickson.” Ymer 3: 101–112.
   Google Scholar
• Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik. 1885a. “Reply to Criticisms Upon “The Voyage of the Vega Around Asia and Europe”.” Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York 17: 267–298. doi: 10.2307/196616
   Google Scholar
• Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik. 1885b. Voyage of the Vega Round Asia and Europe: With a Historical Review of Previous Journeys Along the North Coast of the Old World. Translated by Alexander Leslie. 2 vols. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Odelberg, Wilhelm. 1992. “Amiral Louis Palander af Vega: Nordostpassagens fartygschef i ny belysning.” Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet 155: 201–212.
   Google Scholar
• Park, Roberta J. 2007. “Biological Thought, Athletics and the Formation of a ‘Man of Character’: 1830–1900.” The International Journal of the History of Sport 24 (12): 1543–1569. doi:10.1080/09523360701618982.
   Google Scholar
• Rawlinson, Henry C. 1871–1872. “Address to the Royal Geographical Society: Delivered at the Anniversary Meeting on the 27th May, 1872.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London 16: 291–375. doi: 10.2307/1799549
   Google Scholar
• Riffenburgh, Beau. 1993. The Myth of the Explorer. New York: Belhaven.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, Michael. 2015. “Manliness and Exploration: The Discovery of the North Pole.” Osiris 30: 89–109. doi:10.1086/682968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryall, Anka. 2015. “The Arctic Playground of Europe: Sir Martin Conway’s Svalbard.” Nordlit 35: 29–45. doi:10.7557/13.3424.
   Google Scholar
• Rydén, Per. 2003. Den svenske Ikaros: Berättelserna om Andrée. Stockholm: Carlsson.
   Google Scholar
• Sandblad, Henrik. 1985. Olympia och Valhalla: Idéhistoriska aspekter av den moderna idrottsrörelsens framväxt. Uppsala: Lärdomshistoriska samfundet.
   Google Scholar
• Schimanski, Johan, and Ulrike Spring. 2015. Passagiere des Eises: Polarhelten und arktische Diskurse 1874. Wien: Böhlau Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Snoilsky, Carl. 1893. “Svar på friherre A. E. Nordenskiölds inträdestal i Svenska Akademien den 20 December 1893.” Svenska Akademiens Handlingar 8: 37–42.
   Google Scholar
• Sörlin, Sverker. 1999. “The Burial of an Era: The Home-Coming of Andrée as a National Event.” In The Centennial of S.A. Andrée’s North Pole Expedition, edited by Urban Wråkberg, 100–111. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Sörlin, Sverker. 2006. “Science, Empire, and Enlightenment: Geographies of Northern Field Science.” European Review of History—Revue européenne d’Histoire 13 (3): 455–472. doi:10.1080/13507480600893155.
   Google Scholar
• Steers, J. A., J. M. Hartog, R. A. Skelton, W. R. Mead, H. Wallis, E. M. J. Campbell, T. E. Armstrong, and G. Kish. 1968. “Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901): Polar Explorer and Historian of Cartography: Discussion.” The Geographical Journal 134 (4): 500–505. doi: 10.2307/1796378
   Google Scholar
• Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. 1949. “Introduction.” In To the Arctic! The Story of Northern Exploration from Earliest Times to the Present, 2nd rev. ed., written by Jeanette Mirsky, xv–xvii. London: A. Wingate.
   Google Scholar
• von Qvanten, Emil. 1880. “Lefve Sverige!.” In Nordostpassagen: Svenska Publicistklubbens minnesblad vid dess fest för Nordenskiöld den 30 April 1880, 4. Stockholm: Fritzes.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, Eric G. 2003. The Spiritual History of Ice: Romanticism, Science, and the Imagination. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wråkberg, Urban. 1999a. “Andrée’s Folly: Time for Reappraisal?” In The Centennial of S.A. Andrée’s North Pole Expedition, edited by Urban Wråkberg, 56–99. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Wråkberg, Urban. 1999b. Vetenskapens Vikingatåg: Perspektiv på svensk polarforskning 1860–1930. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Wråkberg, Urban. 2001. “Eugenio Parent and Giacomo Bove: Italians in 19th Century Swedish Polar Exploration.” In A Galvanized Network: Italian-Swedish Scientific Relations from Galvani to Nobel, edited by Marco Beretta and Karl Grandin, 169–205. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Wråkberg, Urban. 2012. “Axel Hambergs nordliga forskningsfärder i ett vetenskapligt och socialt perspektiv.” In Sarek, Arktis och akademisk vardag: En bok om geografen Axel Hamberg, edited by Lars Andersson, 35–91. Uppsala: Uppsala University.
   Google Scholar
• Wråkberg, Urban. 2015. “The Politics of Place Names: A Summation.” In Proceedings of a Workshop on the Historic Place Names of Franz Josef Land: Oslo, Norway, 12–13 May 2015, edited by Peter J. Capelotti, 69–92. Tromsø: Tromsø University Library & Department of Anthropology, Penn State University. doi:10.7557/5.3585.
   Google Scholar
• Wråkberg, Urban, and Gunilla Lindberg-Wada, eds. 2002. An Arctic Passage to the Far East: The Visit of the Swedish Vega Expedition to Meiji Japan in 1879. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
   Google Scholar